Ligan (biokimia): Perbedaan antara revisi

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Andreas Sihono (bicara | kontrib)
←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|300px|right|[[Mioglobin (biru) dengan ikatan heme ligan (orange)]] Dalam biokimia dan farmakologi '''Ligan''' (dari b...'
 
Andreas Sihono (bicara | kontrib)
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[[File:Myoglobin and heme.png|thumb|300px|right|[[Mioglobin]] (biru) dengan ikatan [[heme]] ligan (orange)]]
Dalam [[biokimia]] dan [[farmakologi]] '''Ligan''' (dari bahasa latin '''ligandum''', ''mengikat'') adalah zat (biasanya molekul kecil), yang membentuk [[Kompleks (kimia)|kompleks]] dengan biomolekul untuk melayani tujuan biologis. Dalam arti yang lebih sempit, ligan adalah molekul pemicu sinyal yang terikat ke sebuah [[daerah ikatan]] pada [[protein]] target. Ikatan ini terjadi oleh [[gaya antarmolekul]], seperti [[ikatan ion]], [[ikatan hidrogen]] dan [[gaya van der Waals]].
 
 
 
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The binding occurs by [[intermolecular force]]s, such as [[ionic bond]]s, [[hydrogen bond]]s and [[van der Waals force]]s.<!-- "van", see [[Talk:Van der Waals#Van should be capitalized unless preceded by first name]] rebuttal --> The [[Docking (molecular)|docking]] (association) is usually reversible (dissociation). Actual irreversible [[covalent]] binding between a ligand and its target molecule is rare in biological systems. In contrast to the meaning in [[metalorganic]] and [[inorganic chemistry]], it is irrelevant whether the ligand actually binds at a [[metal]] site, as is the case in [[hemoglobin]].
 
Ligand binding to a [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] (receptor protein) alters its [[chemical conformation]] (three dimensional shape). The conformational state of a receptor protein determines its functional state. Ligands include [[Substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]]s, [[Enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]]s, [[activator (proteomics)|activator]]s, and [[neurotransmitter]]s. The tendency or strength of binding is called [[#Receptor/ligand binding affinity|affinity]].
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[[Radioligand]]s are [[radioisotope]] labeled compounds and used [[in vivo]] as [[tracer]]s in [[Positron emission tomography|PET]] studies and for [[in vitro]] binding studies.
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