Peradaban Minoa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Teori musnahnya peradaban Minoa ==
Letusan gunung berapi di pulau [[Santorini|Thera]] (kini [[Santorini]] terletak sekitar 100 km dari Kreta) terjadi pada periode Minoa Akhir IA. Letusan ini merupakan salah satu letusan gunung berapi terbesar dalam sejarah peradaban manusia, melontarkan sekitar 60 km<sup>3</sup> material dan terukur skala 6 pada [[Volcanic Explosivity Index]].<ref name=URI06>{{cite web|url=http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=3654|title=Santorini eruption much larger than originally believed|year=2006|accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref><ref name="McCoy2002">{{cite conference|author=McCoy, FW, & Dunn, SE|title=Modelling the Climatic Effects of the LBA Eruption of Thera: New Calculations of Tephra Volumes May Suggest a Significantly Larger Eruption than Previously Reported|booktitle=Chapman Conference on Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere |url=http://www.agu.org/meetings/cc02babstracts/McCoy.pdf|publisher=American Geographical Union|year=2002|location=Thera, Greece|accessdate=2007-05-29|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Sigurdsson">{{cite journal |author= Sigurdsson H, Carey, S, Alexandri M, Vougioukalakis G, Croff K, Roman C, Sakellariou D, Anagnostou C, Rousakis G, Ioakim C, Gogou A, Ballas D, Misaridis T, & Nomikou P |year = 2006 |title= Marine Investigations of Greece's Santorini Volcanic Field |journal= Eos |volume= 87 |issue= 34 |pages= 337–348 |url=http://www.uri.edu/endeavor/thera/EOS.pdf |format= –<sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3AMarine+Investigations+of+Greece%27s+Santorini+Volcanic+Field&as_publication=Eos&as_ylo=2006&as_yhi=2006&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup>| doi = 10.1029/2006EO340001 |bibcode=2006EOSTr..87..337S}} {{Dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> Letusan ini meluluh-lantakkan permukiman Minoa didekatnya di Akrotiri di pulau Santorini, yang terkubur batu apung.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ye gods! Ancient volcano could have blasted Atlantis myth |last=Vergano |first=Dan |date=2006-08-27 |publisher= USA Today |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/2006-08-27-ancient-volcano_x.htm |accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref>
Lebih lanjut dipercaya bahwa letusan ini berdampak parah bagi kebudayaan Minoa, meskipun sejauh mana dampaknya masih diperdebatkan. Teori mengajukan bahwa guguran hujan abu dari Thera telah mematikan tanaman di separuh sebelah timur pulau Kreta, menyebabkan bencana kelaparan yang menimpa penduduk setempat.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Marinatos, S | year = 1939 | title = The Volcanic Destruction of Minoan Crete | journal = Antiquity | volume = 13 | issue = | pages = 425–439 }}</ref> Akan tetapi setelah penelitian lebih lanjut, teori kurang dapat dipercaya karena lapisan endapan debu vulkanik di Kreata tak lebih dari {{convert|5|mm|in}}.<ref>{{cite book|author=Callender, G|year=1999|title=The Minoans and the Mycenaeans: Aegean Society in the Bronze Age|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn= 0195510283}}</ref> Penelitian mutakhir menunjukan, berdasarkan bukti arkeologi di Kreta, bahwa [[tsunami]] besar yang ditimbulkan oleh letusan gunung Thera, menyapu kawasan pesisir Kreta dan menghancurkan permukiman di tepi pantai.<ref name=SinkingAtlantis>[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/?p=71], SecretsoftheDead</ref><ref name=BBCWave>{{cite web |last=Lilley |first=Harvey |date=20 April 2007 |title=The wave that destroyed Atlantis |publisher= BBC Timewatch |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6568053.stm |accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref><ref name="Antonopoulos ">{{cite journal|author=Antonopoulos, J.|title=The great Minoan eruption of Thera volcano and the ensuing tsunami in the Greek Archipelago|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=5|year=1992|pages=153–168|doi=10.1007/BF00127003|issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Pareschi, MT, Favalli, M & Boschi, E|title=Impact of the Minoan tsunami of Santorini: Simulated scenarios in the eastern Mediterranean|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|page=L1860|year=2006|doi=10.1029/2006GL027205 | pages = L18607|issue=18|bibcode=2006GeoRL..3318607P}}.</ref><ref name="LaMoreaux">{{cite journal|author=LaMoreaux, PE|year=1995|title=Worldwide environmental impacts from the eruption of Thera|journal=Environmental Geology|volume=26|issue=3|pages=172–181|doi=10.1007/BF00768739|bibcode=1995EnGeo..26..172L}}</ref> Periode Minoa Akhir IIIA ditandai dengan kemewahannya (misalnya makam mewah dan keseniannya) serta tersebarluasnya gaya keramik Knossos.<ref>Dickinson, O (1994) ''The Aegean Bronze Age'' pg. 22</ref> Akan tetapi pada periode Minoa Akhir IIIB peran penting Knossos sebagai pusat regional nampaknya mulai merosot.
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