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'''Kitab Rut''' adalah sebuah kitab di dalam Alkitab yang menceritakan tentang kisah Rut.<ref name="ppl"/>
Rut (רות, bahasa [[Ibrani]]{{hebrew name|רות|Rut|Rûṯ|"belas kasih"}}; {{lang-en|Ruth}}), adalah seorang perempuan [[Moab]] yang menikah dengan, anak[[Kilyon]], laki-lakiputra kedua [[Naomi]] dan [[Elimelekh]].<ref name="ppl"> W.S. Lasor, dkk. ''Pengantar Perjanjian Lama 1'',(Jakarta:BPK Gunung Mulia, 2005). Hal 317-320.</ref> Suaminya kemudian meninggal karena bencana kelaparan.<ref name="ppl"/> Rut pada akhirnya menjadi istri [[Boas]] dan memperanakkan [[Obed]], kakek [[Monarki|Raja]] [[Daud]] dari [[Israel]] serta menjadi inti cerita kitabKitab ini.<ref name="ppl"/> Menurut Kitab [[Perjanjian Baru]], ia salah satu nenek moyang [[Yesus]] ({{Ayat|Matius|1|5}}).<ref name="JR"/>
Tradisi [[Yahudi]] menempatkan Kitab Rut dalam kumpulan-kumpulan Kitab-kitab (Ketuvim).<ref name="ppl"/> Namun, [[Septuaginta]], yang diikuti oleh [[Vulgata]] dan [[Alkitab]] Bahasa Indonesia menempatkan kitab tersebut setelah Kitab [[Hakim-hakim]], sebab kitab tersebut menceritakan kisah yang sama.<ref name="ppl"/> Orang Yahudi membacakan Kitab Rut dalam kebaktian di [[Sinagoge]] pada hari raya [[Pentakosta]] (Hari raya selesainya penuaian).<ref name="Mulder">D.C, Mulder, ''Pembimbing ke dalam Perjanjian Lama'', (Jakarta: Fasto, 1963). Hal 221.</ref>
== Latar belakang sosial ==
Latar belakang kisah ini adalah perkawinan Levirat dan penebusan tanah yang jelas tidak sejajar pada masyarakat modren saat ini.<ref name="Tafsiran"/> Perkawinan Levirat(bahasa latin ''levir'' berarti ipar laki-laki) dijelaskan dalam Ulangan 25:5-10.<ref name="Tafsiran"/> Apabila seorang laki-laki di [[Israel]] Kuno meninggal dan belum memiliki anak laki-laki, maka kewajibannya terletak pada kerabat terdekatnya (''Go'el'' atau penebus) dengan mengawini janda tersebut dan mendapatkan anak laki-laki “supaya namanya tidak terhapus dari Israel”(ay 6).<ref name="ppl"/> Titik balik dalam Kitab Rut adalah akal Naomi yang membujuk Boas supaya menerima kewajiban tersebut, meskipun Boas sebenarnya kerabat jauh.<ref name="ppl"/> Pada posisi seperti ini, muncul suatu permasalahan, yaitu masih ada kerabat yang lebih dekat dibanding Boas dan orang itu berhak mengawini Rut.<ref name="ppl"/> Boas tidak mau mengabaikan hak orang itu.<ref name="ppl"/> Boas mengumpulkan para tua-tua di pintu gerbang kota dan mengundang kerabat yang lebih dekat itu supaya hadir.<ref name="ppl"/> Boas juga memberitahukan kepada kerabatnya itu perihal tanah Elimelekh yang hendak dijual oleh Naomi.<ref name="ppl"/> Ternyata pertama-tama kerabat itu memersoalkan tanah Elimelekh itu dan bukan memersoalkan perkawinan itu.<ref name="ppl"/> Boas pun memberitahu bahwa kerabat itu memiliki kewajiban ganda.<ref name="ppl"/> Setelah membeli tanah itu, kerabat itu berkewajiban untuk mengawini Rut dan mewariskan tanah yang dibelinya itu kepada anak yang akan lahir dari perkawinannya dengan Rut.<ref name="ppl"/> Namun, ternyata kerabat itu tidak mampu melakukan kewajiban itu sehingga ia menyerahkan haknya kepada Boas.<ref name="ppl"/>
== Jenis sastra dan struktur ==
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[[Kategori:Kitab Perjanjian Lama]] ▼<!--The '''Book of Ruth''' is a book in the [[Hebrew Bible]] known to Jews as the [[Tanakh]] and to Christians as the [[Old Testament]].
{{Rut}}
== The story ==
'''Ruth''' ('''רוּת''' "Compassion", [[Standard Hebrew]] '''Rut''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''Rûṯ''') is a [[Moabite]] woman whose [[father-in-law]] and [[mother-in-law]], Elimelech and Naomi had settled in the land of [[Moab]]. Elimelech died there, and his two sons married, Mahlon taking Ruth as his wife, and Chilion taking Orpah, both women of Moab; both sons likewise died.
[[Naomi (Bible)|Naomi]] heard that the famine in Judah had passed, and determined to return. Ruth accompanied her mother-in-law to Bethlehem, at the beginning of barley harvest, in a state of poverty. Elimelech had had an inheritance of land among his brethren, but, unless a ''Go'el'', a redeemer, could be found, Naomi would be compelled to sell it. Elimelech had a prosperous relative in Bethlehem whose name was [[Boaz]], and who was engaged in the harvest. Ruth went to glean in his fields, and, after he had spoken kindly to her and shown her some favors, she, acting on the advice of her mother-in-law, approached Boaz.
Boaz was attracted to her, but informed her that there was a kinsman nearer than he who had the first right to redeem the estate of Elimelech, and that it would be necessary for that kinsman to renounce his right before he (Boaz) could proceed in the matter. Accordingly Boaz called this kinsman, and told him of the situation, and of the kinsman's right to redeem the estate and to marry Ruth. The kinsman declared that he did not desire to do so, and drew off his shoe, the ritual way of showing that he had renounced his rights in favor of Boaz. Boaz thereupon bought the estate from Naomi, married Ruth, and became by her the father of Obed, who in due time became the father of Jesse, the father of [[King David]].
== Origin of the book ==
There is some debate about when and why the book was written. According to many scholars, it was originally a part of the [[Book of Judges]], but it was later separated from that book and made independent. It is the shortest book in the Hebrew Bible, the books of the [[Minor Prophets]] being considered a single book. The language and description seem to make the authorship contemporary with that of Judges, and its opening verse explicitly places it in that period. On the other hand, the message of the book, which shows acceptance of marrying converts to [[Judaism]], has been used to suggest that the book was written during the early days of the Persian period. At that time, [[Ezra]] condemned intermarriages and, according to his eponymous book, forced the Israelites to abandon their non-Jewish wives. According to this theory, the book was written in response to Ezra's reform and in defense of these marriages by alleging that [[David]] (commonly seen as Israel's greatest king) is a descendant of one. The lineage connection between Ruth and David is very important in the Christian faith for [[Jesus Christ]] was born of the [[virgin]] [[Mary]] who was of the lineage of David thus making Ruth connected to Jesus Christ.
== Ruth in the rabbinic Jewish tradition ==
The opinions of some rabbis in the [[Talmud]]ic tradition claim that Ruth was the daughter of the Moabite king [[Eglon]], who figured briefly in the [[Book of Judges]]. Like many other Rabbinic exegetic identifications of certain Biblical characters with other Biblical characters, this assertion has no support from the plain meaning of the text.
Related articles:
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=483&letter=R Jewish Encyclopedia]: ''Ruth''
*[http://www.hypertextbible.org/ruth/ Study notes on ''Ruth''] by Tim Bulkeley, University of Auckland
*[http://plymouthbrethren.org/passage.asp?passage_id=8 Ruth from the Biblical Resource Database]
*[http://www.biblaridion-online.net/zine-online/zine05q2/bibzine05q2_p3.html ''Biblaridion magazine'':] Ruth and the law of kindness
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▲[[Kategori:Kitab Perjanjian Lama]]
{{Kitab-kitab Alkitab}}
{{Books of Ketuvim|right}}
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