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'''Intel 4004''' adalah sebuah [[CPU]] [[4-bit]] yang merupakan [[mikroprosesor]] chip tunggal pertama di dunia. Pada waktu itu, desain CPU lainnya seperti [[F14 CADC]] pada tahun [[1970]] merupakan implementasi dari chip-chip gabungan (''multi-chip'')
4004 dirilis dalam kemasan CERDIP 16-kaki pada tanggal [[15 November]] [[1971]]. 4004 merupakan prosesor [[komputer]] pertama yang dirancang dan diproduksi oleh produsen [[chip]] [[Intel]]. Orang yang merancang chip tersebut adalah [[Ted Hoff]] dan [[Federico Faggin]] dari Intel dan [[Masatoshi Shima]] dari Busicom.
[[Berkas: L_Intel-C4004_%28gray_traces%29.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Intel C4004 microprocessor. The "gold and white with gray traces" specimen shown belongs to the initial CERDIP type series manufactured in 1971.]]
Rancangan aslinya berasal dari perusahaan Jepang yang bernama [[Busicom]], untuk digunakan pada [[kalkulator]] produksinya. 4004 juga disediakan dengan sebuah chip pendukung (misal, [[ROM]] program digabung bersama untuk menggunakan alamat program 12-bit 4004, yang mengijinkan akses memori 4 kilobyte dari [[bus alamat]] 4-bit bila semua 16 ROM dipasang). Sirkuit 4004 dibuat dari 2.300 [[transistor]], dan pada tahun berikutnya diikuti oleh microprosesor [[8-bit]] pertama, [[Intel 8008]] dengan 3.300 transistor (dan [[Intel 4040]], perbaikan dari 4004).
Pada masukan ke-empatnya ke pasar mikroprosesor, Intel melepas CPU yang memulai revolusi [[mikrokomputer]]; [[Intel 8080]].
== Spesifikasi teknis ==
<!-- PLEASE DON'T "CORRECT" THE CLOCK SPEED VALUE, IT IS CORRECT! -->
* Maximum [[clock speed]] - nya adalah 740 [[kilohertz|kHz]]
<!-- COMMENT REGARDING 4004 µP's CLOCK SPEED VALUE
All of Intel's 4004 data sheets, including the very first data sheet from November 1971, clearly indicate that the minimum clock period is 1350 nanoseconds, which results in a maximum clock speed of 740 kHz. Unfortunately, many apparently reputable web pages and other sources list an incorrect clock speed of 108 kHz; even Intel's own pages on the 4004's history say this! The 4004's minimum instruction cycle time is 10.8 microseconds (8 clock cycles), and it seems most likely that someone in the past confused this with a clock speed. Alas, this error has now propagated very widely.
'-->
* Program dan penyimpanan data yang terpisah (yaitu, sebuah [[arsitektur Harvard]]). Berlainan dengan rancangan arsitektur Harvard lainnya yang menggunakan [[bus komputer|bus]] yang terpisah, 4004, karena ingin mengurangi jumlah pin, menggunakan sebuah bus 4-bit tunggal dimultiplex untuk mentransfer:
** Alamat 12-bit
** instruksi 8-bit, tidak ditaruh di memori yang sama dengan
** data word 4-bit
* [[Set instruksi]] yang terdiri dari 46 instruksi (di mana 41 diantaranya memiliki lebar 8 bit dan 5 lebar 16 bit)
* Set register terdiri dari 16 register masing-masing 4 bit
* [[tumpukan (komputasi)|tumpukan]] [[subroutine]] internal memiliki kedalaman 3 tingkat
== chip pendukung ==
* 4001: 256-[[byte]] ROM (256 8-bit ''program'' instructions), and one built-in 4-bit [[input/output|I/O]] port<sup>*</sup>
* 4002: 40-byte [[random-access memory|RAM]] (80 4-bit ''data'' words), and one built-in 4-bit output port; the RAM portion of the chip is organized into four "registers" of twenty 4-bit words:
** 16 data words (used for [[mantissa]] digits in the original calculator design)
** 4 status words (used for [[exponent]] digits and signs in the original calculator design)
* 4003: 10-bit parallel output [[shift register]] for scanning keyboards, displays, printers, etc.
* 4008: 8-bit address latch for access to standard memory chips, and one built-in 4-bit chip select and I/O port<sup>*</sup>
* 4009: program and I/O access converter to standard memory and I/O chips<sup>*</sup>
<sup>*</sup> Note: a 4001 ROM+I/O chip cannot be used in a system along with a 4008/4009 pair.
== Collectability ==
The Intel 4004, naturally, is one of world's most sought-after collectable/antique chips. Of highest value are 4004's that are gold and white, with visible so called 'grey traces' on the white portion (the original package type). [[As of 2004]], such chips reached around US$400 each on [[eBay]]. The slightly less valuable white and gold chips without grey traces typically reach $200 to $300. Those chips without a 'date code' underneath are earlier versions, and therefore worth slightly more. Other valuable chips include the [[Intel 4040]].
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.intel4004.com/ The Intel 4004: A testimonial from Federico Faggin, its designer, on the first microprocessor's thirtieth birthday] – Faggin's own 4004 website
* [http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/oral_histories/transcripts/shima.html Interview with Masatoshi Shima regarding his role in the 4004] – At the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]]'s History Center pages
* [http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/4004thb.htm MCS-4 Micro Computer Set Data Sheet (12 pp.)] – Intel Corp., November 1971; At the Smithsonian's Chip Collection website
* [http://www.cpu-museum.com/4004_e.htm Comprehensive Intel 4004 chipset information] – At Christian Bassow's CPU Museum
* [http://www.antiquetech.com/chips/4004.htm Intel 4004 chip collecting information] – At The Antique Chip Collector's Page
{{Intel processors}}
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