Gempa bumi dan tsunami Tōhoku 2011: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Aldo samulo (bicara | kontrib) |
Automatic reference titling and consolidation using reflinks |
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Baris 57:
Dampak dari gempa adalah terjadinya beberapa kebakaran di [[Pelabuhan Tokyo]]. [[Shinkansen]] menghentikan operasinya di dalam dan luar Tokyo meski tidak terjadi kecelakaan, sementara [[Bandar Udara Internasional Narita]] dan [[Bandar Udara Haneda|Haneda]] juga menghentikan operasi setelah gempa, dengan sebagian besar penerbangan dialihkan ke bandara lain sampai pemberitahuan selanjutnya.<ref name="CNA1">{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1115777/1/.html|title=Japan issues top tsunami warning after major quake|date=11 March 2011|publisher=[[MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia]]|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Selain itu, berbagai jasa angkutan kereta api di seluruh Jepang juga dihentikan.
Sebuah kilang minyak terbakar akibat gempa di [[Ichihara, Chiba|Ichihara]], Prefektur [[Chiba]] di timur Tokyo.<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8375497/Japan-earthquake-causes-oil-refinery-inferno.html Japan earthquake causes oil refinery inferno] Daily Telegraph, London, 11 March 2011</ref>
Perdana Menteri Jepang [[Naoto Kan]] mengatakan bahwa pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir telah dimatikan dan tidak terjadi kebocoran material radioaktif.<ref name=skynews>{{cite news|title=Tsunami Hits Japan After 8.9 Megaquake|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Japan-Earthquake-Tokyo-Tsunami-Fears-After-79-Magnitude-Quake-Rocks-Buildings-In-Capital/Article/201103215950160?lpos=World_News_First_World_News_Article_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15950160_Japan_Earthquake%3A_Tokyo_Tsunami_Fears_After_7.9_Magnitude_Quake_Rocks_Buildings_In_Capital|accessdate=2011-03-11|newspaper=Sky News|date=2011-03-11}}</ref>
Baris 80:
| [[Taiwan]] || Ya || Ya || {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="thejournal1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/tsunami-passes-over-tawain-indonesia-braces-for-impact-2011-03/ |title=Tsunami passes over Taiwan, Indonesia braces for impact • TheJournal |publisher=Thejournal.ie |date=2010-09-23 |accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref>
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| [[Guam]], AS || Ya || Ya || {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="guardian Tsunami">{{cite web | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-tsunami-questions-answers | title=Japan earthquake and tsunami: what happened and why | accessdate=March 11, 2011 | author=Sample, Ian | date=2011-03-11 | publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="AP Guam">{{cite news |title=Guam, Marinas lifts tsunami warning |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031102233.html |newspaper=Associated Press |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated4>[http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/wosu/news.newsmain/article/0/0/1774296/World/Some.Pacific.tsunami.alerts.lifted.after.Japan.quake WOSU: Some Pacific tsunami alerts lifted after Japan quake (2011-03-11)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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| [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]] || Ya|| Ya || {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="guardian Tsunami"/><ref name="AP Guam"/>
Baris 88:
| [[Filipina]] (sebagian besar)|| Ya || Ya || {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="news1">{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Tsunami-spares-Philippines-Indonesia-20110311.cnt |title=Tsunami spares Philippines, Indonesia: News24: World: News |publisher=News24 |date=2011-02-05 |accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=AFP Fri, Mar 11, 2011 |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110311-267648.html |title=Small tsunami waves hit Philippines |publisher=News.asiaone.com |date= |accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref>
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|[[Palau]]||Ya||Ya||{{convert|11|cm|in|abbr=on}}||0||<ref name="news1"/><ref>
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| [[Kepulauan Maluku]]] dan [[Sulawesi Utara]], Indonesia|| Ya || Ya || {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="news1"/><ref>{{cite web|author=March 11th, 2011 AFP |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/international/indonesia-says-tsunami-hit-without-damage-495 |title=Indonesia says tsunami hit without damage | Deccan Chronicle | 2011-03-11 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date= |accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref><ref name="thejournal1"/>
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|[[Nanumea|Pulau Nanumea]], [[Tuvalu]]||Ya||Ya|| "Dua gelombang kecil"||0||<ref>[http://klima-tuvalu.no/2011/03/11/waiting-for-the-tsunami/ Waiting for the tsunami | Klima-Tuvalu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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|Pesisir [[Laut Okhotsk]], [[Rusia]] || Tidak diketahui || Tidak diketahui || {{convert|3.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name="themoscownews1">{{cite web|author=19:13 11/03/2011-6°C |url=http://themoscownews.com/russia/20110311/188486500.html?referfrommn |title=Japan earthquake sparks Russian tsunami fears | RUSSIA |publisher=The Moscow News |date= |accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref>
Baris 108:
| Pantai [[Kona]] di Big Island, Hawaii, AS || Ya|| Ya || {{convert|3.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name=" www.msnbc.msn.com quake1"/>
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| [[Pulau Wake]], Hawaii, AS || Ya|| Ya || {{convert|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 0 || <ref name=" www.msnbc.msn.com quake1"/><ref
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| [[California]], AS || Ya || Ya || {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 1 tewas || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news10.net/news/story.aspx?storyid=127779&catid=2|title=Waves sweep 4 out to sea in Crescent City as tsunami surges reach west coast|last=Johnson|first=C.|date=3 March 2011|work=[[KXTV]]|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|author=Mike Anton and Shan Li|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=March 11, 2011|accessdate=March 11, 2011|title=Crescent City, Santa Cruz hit hard by tsunami from Japan quake|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-me-crescent-city-california-20110311,0,3043382.story}}</ref>
Baris 139:
===Infrastruktur===
Dampak dari gempa meliputi kebakaran di sebuah bangunan di [[Pelabuhan Tokyo]] dengan sebagian wilayah pelabuhan banjir, temrasuk [[pencairan tanah]] di lapangan parkir [[Tokyo Disneyland]].<ref name="CNA0">{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1115810/1/.html|title=Tokyo Disneyland hit by liquefaction after quake|date=11 March 2011|publisher=[[MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia]]|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=
Menurut Tohoku Electric, sekitar 4,4 juta rumah di timur laut Jepang mengalami pemadaman listrik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8997743/people-near-japan-nuke-plant-told-to-leave/ |title=People near Japan nuke plant told to leave - Yahoo!7}}</ref> Sejumlah pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir dan konvensional dimatikan setelah gempa.
[[Berkas:Cosmo Oil explosion 20110311.png|thumb|right|200px|Kebakaran di kilang minyak Cosmo Oil di Ichihara]]
Sebuah kilang minyak milik [[Cosmo Oil Company]] terbakar akibat gempa di [[Ichihara, Chiba|Ichihara]], [[Prefektur Chiba]] di timur Tokyo.<ref
Jaringan transportasi Jepang juga terkena dampaknya. Banyak bagian [[Tōhoku Expressway|jalan ekspres Tohoku]] yang melayani wilayah utara Jepang rusak.<ref name="mailonline"/> Sebagian besar layanan kereta dihentikan di Tokyo dengan 20.000 orang terjebak di stasiun-stasiun besar di seluruh Tokyo. Beberapa jam setelah gempa, beberapa layanan kereta dilanjutkan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110311D11JF318.htm|title=Many Rail Services In Tokyo Suspended After Quake|publisher=NIKKEI|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref>
Baris 161:
;Fukushima
Menurut [[Associated Press]] Jepang telah mengumumkan keadaan darurat setelah kegagalan sistem pendingin di [[PLTN Fukushima I]].<ref name="BBC3">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |title=BBC News - Japan tsunami |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Pejabat mengatakan tidak ada kebocoran radiasi atau bahan radioaktif.<ref name=
Satu fasilitas di [[PLTN Fukushima I|Fukushima]] mengalami kesalahan mekanis pada sistem pendingin reaktor setelah dipadamkan dan suplai tenaga darurat gagal, namun tidak ada kebocoran radiasi.<ref name="CNN-11 March 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/11/japan.nuclear/ |title=Japanese authorities order precautionary evacuation near nuclear plant |publisher= CNN |date= 11 March 2011|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Lewat tengah malam waktu setempat, dilaporkan bahwa [[The Tokyo Electric Power Company]] mempertimbangkan untuk mengeluarkan gas superpanas dari reaktor ke atmosfer yang dapat mengakibatkan keluarnya radioaktif.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0312/TKY201103110824.html |title=asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：福島原発炉内蒸気、外に逃す作業検討 放射能漏れの恐れ - 社会}}</ref> Inti reaktor masih panas sehingga pendinginan masih diperlukan. Seorang pejabat Japanese [[Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency]] melaporkan bahwa karena ketiadaan listrik, sistem pendingin darurat saat ini dioperasikan dengan baterai yang bertahan selama delapan jam. Enam baterai lain telah diamankan dan pemerintah dapat menggunakan helikopter militer untuk menerbangkannya.<ref name="Bloomberg-11 March 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/11 March 2011/evacuation-order-issued-for-residents-near-japan-s-fukushima-nuclear-plant.html |title=Japan Orders Evacuation From Near Nuclear Plant After Quake |publisher= Bloomberg |date= 11 March 2011|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Keadaan darurat telah diumumkan sebagai tindakan pencegahan.<ref name="guardian2011-03-11">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/11/japan-declares-nuclear-emergency-quake |title=Japan declares 'nuclear emergency' after quake |publisher= Guardian |date= 11 March 2011|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Lebih dari 2.000 penduduk yang menetap pada radius {{convert|3|km|mi|sp=us|adj=on}} dari pembangkit listrik nuklir dievakuasi, sementara penduduk yang menetap di zona {{convert|3|to|10|km|mi|sp=us}} diminta untuk mengungsi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yahoo News |url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110311/ap_on_re_as/as_japan_quake_power_plant_4 | date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Fukushima-11 March 2011">{{cite news|url=http://wwwcms.pref.fukushima.jp// |title=District Name evacuation instruction: City Ookuma (夫沢District 1, District 2夫沢, District 3夫沢,小入野, Kazuhisa Hiroshi) Futabachō (Hosoya, Koriyama, Niiyama, Shimozyou, Yamada, Hamano) |publisher= Fukushima Prefecture |date= 11 March 2011|accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref>
Baris 168:
===Pasar keuangan===
Indeks ''[[Nikkei 225|Nikkei]]'' Jepang mengalami penurunan 5% setelah perdagangan ditutup.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web|author=Reuters 10:05AM GMT 11 Mar 2011 Comments |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/8375674/Japan-earthquake-market-reaction.html |title=Japan earthquake: market reaction |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> Pasar saham lain di seluruh dunia juga terkena dampaknya;<ref name="TWR">{{cite web|author=The World Reporter |url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2011/03/impact-on-economy-after-japanese.html |title=Impact on Economy after Japanese Earthquake, Tsunami |publisher=The World Reporter |date= |accessdate=11 March 2011}}</ref> [[DAX]] Jerman jatuh 1,2% hingga 6.978 poin dalam hitungan menit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2011-03/japan-erdbeben-tsunami|title=Erdbeben Japan: Riesige Flutwelle spült Trümmer übers Land|date=March 11 2011|accessdate=March 11 2011|language=German|work=[[Die Zeit|Zeit]] Online}}</ref> Bursa Saham Bombay atau Sensex (India) juga jatuh 0,84%<ref name="TWR"
Di [[Hong Kong]], Menteri Keuangan [[John Tsang]] memperingatkan investor untuk "mengambil perhatian lebih" karena gempa memiliki dampak jangka pendek terhadap pasar saham setempat.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rthk.hk/rthk/news/elocal/news.htm?elocal&20110312&56&740229|title=FS warns of quake impact on shares|publisher=RTHK|date=12 March 2011|accessdate=12 March 2011}}</ref>
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