G: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k r2.7.1) (bot Menambah: ace, af, als, an, ar, arc, ast, az, bat-smg, be, be-x-old, bg, br, bs, ca, co, crh, cs, cy, da, de, diq, dv, el, eml, eo, es, eu, fa, fi, fr, fur, fy, gan, gd, gl, gv, he, hr, ht, hu, ilo, is, it, ja, ka, ko, ku, kw, la, lb, lt |
M. Adiputra (bicara | kontrib) k expand |
||
Baris 2:
{{Latin alphabet navbox|uc=G|lc=g}}
{{dab-huruf}}
Huruf '''G''' atau '''g''' adalah huruf ke-[[7 (angka)|7]] dalam [[alfabet Latin]]. Dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]] dan [[bahasa Melayu|Melayu]], huruf G mewakili [[eksplosif|konsonan letup]] [[konsonan langit-langit belakang|langit-langit belakang] bersuara ({{IPA|/ɡ/}}). Huruf G juga digunakan dalam [[dwihuruf]] "[[ng]]" untuk [[konsonan sengau]] [[konsonan langit-langit belakang|langit-langit belakang]] ({{IPA|/ŋ/}}). Dalam [[bahasa Inggris]], huruf G digunakan untuk konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara dan juga [[afrikat|konsonan gesek]] [[konsonan pascarongga-gigi|pascarongga-gigi]] bersuara ({{IPA|/dʒ/}}).
== Sejarah ==
Huruf '''G''' diperkenalkan pada [[zaman Latin Kuno]] sebagai suatu bentuk lain bagi huruf [[C]] untuk membedakan [[konsonan langit-langit belakang]] bersuara ({{IPA|/ɡ/}}) dengan yang tidak bersuara ({{IPA|/k/}}).
Orang pertama yang diketahui menulis huruf G ialah [[Spurius Carvilius Ruga]], orang Romawi pertama yang membuka sekolah berbayar, dan mengajar sekitar 230 SM. Ketika itu, huruf [[K]] makin kurang dipakai, sedangkan huruf C yang mulanya mewakili bunyi {{IPA|/ɡ/}} dan {{IPA|/k/}} sebelum bunyi vokal terbuka, kemudian hanya mewakili bunyi {{IPA|/k/}} dalam setiap kedudukan.
Penempatan G oleh Ruga menunjukkan bahwa susunan alfabet, yang berkaitan dengan nila huruf itu sebagai [[angka Yunani]], menarik perhatian abad ke-3 SM. Sampson (1985) berpendapat bahwa: "Jelas sekali bahwa susunan alfabet dirasakan sebagai perihal yang begitu konkrit sehingga suatu huruf baru boleh ditambah di tengah susunan hanya jika terdapat 'ruangan' setelah menggeser huruf yang lama."<ref>[http://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html Evertype.com]</ref></blockquote> Menurut beberapa catatan, huruf ketujuh sebelumnya, yaitu [[Z]], disingkirkan dari alfabet Latin pada awal abad ke-3 SM oleh seorang [[censor]] [[Romawi Kuno|Romawi]], [[Appius Claudius Caecus|Appius Claudius]], yang merasa huruf itu asing dan tidak penting.<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/miscellanea/zed.html Encyclopaedia Romana]</ref>
Tidak lama kemudian, kedua [[konsonan langit-langit belakang]] {{IPA|/k/}} dan {{IPA|/ɡ/}} mengalami proses [[palatalisasi]] dan [[alofon]] sebelum vokal di depan; maka dari itu, huruf C dan G mempunyai nilai bunyi berbeda dalam [[rumpun bahasa Roman]], serta juga [[bahasa Inggris]] (akibat pengaruh [[bahasa Perancis]]).
Huruf g [[huruf kecil|kecil]] mempunyai dua bentuk dasar yang berlainan: "g berekor terbuka" [[Fail:Opentail g.svg|10px|link=]] dan "g berekor melingkar" [[Fail:Looptail g.svg|10px|link=]].
== Penggunaan ==
Dalam [[bahasa Inggris]], huruf itu melambangkan [[afrikat|konsonan gesek]] pascarongga-gigi bersuara ({{IPA|/dʒ/}}, ''soft G''), seperti ''giant'', ''ginger'', dan ''geology''; atau konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara ({{IPA|/ɡ/}}, ''hard G''), seperti ''goose'', ''gargoyle'', dan ''game''. <!--Dalam beberapa kata yang berasal dari [[bahasa Perancis]], "G lembut" (''soft G'') is pronounced as a fricative ({{IPA|/ʒ/}}), as in ''rouge'', ''beige'', and ''genre''. Generally, ‹g› is soft before ‹e›, ‹i›, and ‹y› in words of Romance origin, and hard otherwise; there are many English words of non-Romance origin where ‹g› is hard regardless of position (e.g. ''get''), and three (''gaol,'' ''margarine,'' ''algae'') in which it is soft even before an ‹a›.
Non-Romance languages typically use ‹g› to represent {{IPA|/ɡ/}} regardless of position. Amongst European languages [[Dutch language|Dutch]] is an exception as it does not have {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in its native words, and instead ‹g› represents a [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, a sound that does not occur in modern English. [[Faroese language|Faroese]] uses ‹g› to represent {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, in addition to {{IPA|/g/}}, and also uses it to indicate a [[semivowel|glide]]. [[German language|German]], however, is notable for its sparse use of ‹g› to represent a pronunciation (to represent the sounds {{IPA|/ʒ/}}, or {{IPA|/dʒ/}}) regardless of its position within German words.)
While the soft value of ‹g› varies in different Romance languages ({{IPA|/ʒ/}} in French and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], {{IPA|[(d)ʑ]}} in [[Catalan language|Catalan]], {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} in Italian and Romanian, and {{IPA|/x/}} in Castilian Spanish, and {{IPA|/h/}} in other dialects of Spanish), in all except Romanian and Italian, soft ‹g› has the same pronunciation as the ‹j›.
Several [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] are common in English. ‹[[Gh (digraph)|gh]]› which came about when the letter [[yogh]] was removed from the alphabet, and took various values including {{IPA|/ɡ/}}, {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, {{IPA|/x/}}, and {{IPA|/j/}}. It now has a great variety of values, including {{IPA|/f/}} in ''enough'', {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in loan words like ''spaghetti'', and as an indicator of a letter's "long" pronunciation in words like ''eight'' and ''night''. ‹Gn› with value {{IPA|/nj/}} is also common in loanwords, as in ''lasagna'' (though initially, as in ''gnome'', the ‹g› is simply silent).
In Italian and Romanian, ‹gh› is used to represent {{IPA|/ɡ/}} before front vowels where ‹g› would otherwise represent a soft value. In Italian and French, ‹[[Gn (digraph)|gn]]› is used to represent the [[palatal nasal]] {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, a sound somewhat similar to the ‹ny› in English ''canyon''. In Italian, the [[Digraphs and trigraphs|trigraph]] ‹gli›, when appearing before a vowel, represents the [[palatal lateral approximant]] {{IPA|/ʎ/}}; in the definite article and pronoun ''[[wikt:gli|gli]]'' {{IPA|/ʎi/}}, the digraph ‹gl› represents the same sound.
The letter G is also used as a slang for the word Gangster or Ganagsta, commonly used in phrases like My grand dad is a 'G'.
In Maori ([[Maori Language|Te Reo Māori]]), ‹g› is used in the combination ‹ng› which represents the [[velar nasal]] {{IPA|/ŋ/}} and is pronounced like the ‹ng› in ''singer''.
* Simbol konstanta [[gravitasi]] (huruf besar) dan [[percepatan gravitasi]] (huruf kecil) dalam [[fisika]].
* Singkatan dari [[prefiks]] [[Giga]] yang berarti 1.000.000.000.
* Singkatan dari [[unit]] [[massa]] dalam [[sistem Satuan Internasional]]: [[gram]].-->
== Kode komputasi ==
{{Letter
|NATO=Golf
|Morse=––·
|Character=G7
|Braille=⠛
|width=85px
}}
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|[[Titik kode]]
![[Huruf besar]]<br />{{PAGENAME}}
![[Huruf kecil]]<br />g
|-
!colspan=2|[[Unicode]]
|U+0047
|U+0067
|-
!rowspan=2|[[ASCII]]
![[Sistem bilangan desimal|Desimal]]
|71
|103
|-
![[Sistem bilangan biner|Biner]]
|01000111
|01100111
|-
!colspan=2|[[EBCDIC]]
|199
|135
|}
== Catatan kaki ==
<references/>
{{Huruf Latin}}
| |||