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'''Milk allergy''' is as an immunologically mediated [[allergy|adverse reaction]] to one or more milk proteins.
In some children the ingestion of [[milk]] can trigger the body into launching an inappropriate [[immune system|immune]] response to the [[proteins]] in milk resulting in an [[allergic reaction]].
== Symptoms ==
The principle symptoms are [[gastrointestinal]], [[dermatological]] and [[respiratory]]. These can translate to: [[skin rash]], [[hives]], [[wheezing]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]] and [[distress]]. The clinical spectrum extends to diverse disorders: [[Anaphylaxis|anaphylactic reactions]], [[atopic dermatitis]], [[wheeze]], [[baby colic|infantile colic]], [[gastroesophageal reflux]] (GER), [[oesophagitis]], [[colitis|allergic colitis]] and [[constipation]].
The symptoms may occur within a few minutes after exposure in ''immediate reactions'', or after hours (and in some cases after several days) in ''delayed reactions''.
== Difference with lactose intolerance ==
Milk allergy is a [[food allergy]], an adverse immune reaction to a food protein that is normally harmless to the non-allergic individual. [[Lactose intolerance]] is a non-allergic food hypersensitivity: it is due to the deficiency of the enzyme [[lactase]], which is required to digest the predominant sugar in milk.
== Treatment ==
Currently the only treatment for milk allergies is total avoidance of milk proteins. Initially if the infants are breastfed, the [[lactating]] mothers are given an elimination diet. If symptoms are not relieved or the if infants are bottlefed, milk substitute formulas are used to provide the infant with a complete source of nutrition. Milk substitutes include [[soy milk]], [[rice milk]], and hypoallergenic formulas based on hydrolysed protein or free [[amino acid]]s.
== Statistics ==
Milk allergy is the most common food allergy. It affects somewhere between 2% and 3% of infants in developed countries, but approximately 85-90% of children lose clinical reactivity to milk once they surpass 3 years of age.<ref>Host A. Frequency of cow's milk allergy in childhood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89(6 Suppl 1):33-7. PMID 12487202.</ref>
==Reference==
<references/>
== See also ==
* [[Food allergy]]
* [[Allergy]]
* [[Anaphylaxis]]
==External links==
* [http://www.actagainstallergy.com/aaa/act_against_allergy_homepage.html Act Against Allergy]
* [http://foodallergy.org The Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network]
[[Category:Allergology]]
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