Pemrosesan ulang nuklir: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Pemrosesan ulang nuklir''' atau '''Nuclear reprocessing''' adalah pemisahan [[kimia]] produk [[fisi]] dan [[uranium]] yang tidak terpakai dari bahan bakar nuklir bekas. Awalnya, pemrosesan ulang hanya digunakan untuk mengekstrak [[plutonium]] untuk memproduksi [[senjata nuklir]]. Dengan komersialisasi [[tenaga nuklir]], plutonium yang diproses ulang didaur ulang kembali menjadi bahan bakar nuklir MOX untuk reaktor termal. [[Reprocessed uranium]], juga dikenal sebagai bahan bakar bekas, bisa pada prinsipnya juga akan digunakan kembali sebagai bahan bakar, tapi itu hanya ekonomis bila volume pasokan uranium rendah dan harga tinggi. Sebuah [[reaktor breeder]] tidak diijinkan pada penggunaan plutonium dan uranium bekas daur ulang. Ia dapat menggunakan semua aktinida, menutup siklus bahan bakar nuklir dan berpotensi melipatgandakan energi yang diekstraksi dari uranium alam sekitar 60 kali.<ref>MOX fuel can extend the energy extracted by about 12% but slightly reduces plutonium stocks. [http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf29.html Information from the World Nuclear Association about MOX] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301173649/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf29.html |date=2013-03-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html |title=Supply of Uranium |publisher=[[World Nuclear Association]] |access-date=29 January 2010 |archive-date=2013-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212223705/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fast Neutron Reactors|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf98.html|publisher=World Nuclear Association|access-date=11 March 2012|archive-date=2013-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224035726/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf98.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=bas2011>{{cite web |url=http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/managing-nuclear-spent-fuel-policy-lessons-10-country-study |title=Managing nuclear spent fuel: Policy lessons from a 10-country study |author=Harold Feiveson |year=2011 |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |display-authors=etal |access-date=2021-08-20 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426011518/http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/managing-nuclear-spent-fuel-policy-lessons-10-country-study |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Adieu to nuclear recycling |doi=10.1038/460152b |year=2009|journal=Nature |volume=460 |issue=7252 |page=152 |bibcode = 2009Natur.460R.152. |pmid=19587715|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plutonium Recovery from Spent Fuel Reprocessing by Nuclear Fuel Services at West Valley, New York from 1966 to 1972 |url=http://www.osti.gov/opennet/document/purecov/nfsrepo.html | access-date=17 June 2007 |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |date=February 1996}}</ref>
Pemrosesan ulang harus sangat dikontrol dan dilakukan dengan hati-hati di fasilitas canggih oleh personel yang sangat terspesialisasi. Bundel bahan bakar yang tiba di lokasi dari pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (setelah didinginkan selama beberapa tahun) benar-benar larut dalam rendaman kimia, yang dapat menimbulkan risiko kontaminasi jika tidak dikelola dengan benar. Dengan demikian, pabrik pemrosesan ulang harus dianggap sebagai situs kimia tingkat lanjut, bukan pabrik nuklir.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Politics, Science, Environment, and common sense of Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing 3 decades Later |author=Dr. [[Ned Xoubi]] |journal=Symposium on the Technology of Peaceful Nuclear Energy, Irbid, Jordan |year=2008 |url=http://www.ctaps.yu.edu.jo/stpne/Symposium-Presentationns/Xounbi-The%20politics%20science%20Environment%20and%20common%20sense%20of%20SNF%20Reprocessing.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516130917/http://www.ctaps.yu.edu.jo/stpne/Symposium-Presentationns/Xounbi-The%20politics%20science%20Environment%20and%20common%20sense%20of%20SNF%20Reprocessing.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://depletedcranium.com/why-you-cant-build-a-bomb-from-spent-fuel/ |title = Depleted Cranium » Blog Archive » Why You Can't Build a Bomb from Spent Fuel|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204194157/http://depletedcranium.com/why-you-cant-build-a-bomb-from-spent-fuel/|archive-date = 4 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://atomicinsights.com/proving-a-negative-why-modern-used-nuclear-fuel-cannot-be-used-to-make-a-weapon/|title=Proving a Negative - Why Modern Used Nuclear Fuel Cannot Be Used to Make a Weapon - Atomic Insights|date=17 February 2015|website=atomicinsights.com|access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RS22542.pdf Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing: U.S. Policy Development]. (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2011.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/11/us/11mox.html?_r=1 New Doubts About Turning Plutonium Into a Fuel], 10 April 2011</ref>
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