Murray Bridge, Australia Selatan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Australian place
| type = city
| name = Murray Bridge
| state = SA
| image = MurrayBridgeMainStreet.JPG
| caption = Jalan utama di Murray Bridge
| image_alt =
| relief =
| coordinates = {{coord|35.117|S|139.267|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| map_alt =
| pop = 18779
| pop_year = 2018
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSSUA/>
| poprank =
| density =
| density_footnotes =
| established = 1924
| established_footnotes =
| abolished =
| gazetted =
| postcode = 5253<ref>[http://www1.auspost.com.au/postcodes/index.asp?Locality=murray+bridge&sub=1&State=&Postcode=&submit1=Search Murray Bridge Postcode]. Australia Post. Diakses pada 29 Mei 2008</ref>
| elevation =
| elevation_footnotes =
| area = 97.5
| area_footnotes = <ref name="ABSSUAProf">{{cite web|title=2011 Census Community Profiles: Murray Bridge|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/4003|website=ABS Census|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=15 September 2016}}</ref>
| timezone = [[Waktu di Australia|ACST]]
| utc = +9:30
| timezone-dst = [[Waktu di Australia|ACDT]]
| utc-dst = +10:30
| dist1 = 78
| dir1 = tenggara
| location1 = [[Adelaide]]
| lga = Rural City of Murray Bridge
| region =
| county =
| stategov = Distrik pemilihan Hammond
| fedgov = Divisi Barker
| url =
| maxtemp =
| maxtemp_footnotes =
| mintemp =
| mintemp_footnotes =
| rainfall =
| rainfall_footnotes =
| near-nw = [[Pallamana, Australia Selatan|Pallamana]]<br/>[[Rocky Gully, Australia Selatan|Rocky Gully]]
| near-n = [[Murray Bridge Utara, Australia Selatan|Murray Bridge Utara]]<br/>[[Northern Heights, Australia Selatan|Northern Heights]]<br/>[[Mobilong, Australia Selatan|Mobilong]]
| near-ne = [[Riverglades, Australia Selatan|Riverglades]]<br/>[[Murray Bridge Timur, Australia Selatan|Murray Bridge Tim Timur]]
| near-e = [[Long Flat, Australia Selatan|Long Flat]]
| near-se = [[Monteith, Australia Selatan|Monteith]]
| near-s = [[Swanport, Australia Selatan|Swanport]]<br/>[[Murray Bridge Selatan, Australia Selatan|Murray Bridge Selatan]]
| near-sw = [[Gifford Hill, Australia Selatan|Gifford Hill]]
| near-w = [[White Hill, Australia Selatan|White Hill]]<br/>[[Rocky Gully, Australia Selatan|Rocky Gully]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Murray Bridge''' (dahulu '''Mobilong''' dan '''Edwards Crossing''') adalah sebuah [[kota]] di [[Negara bagian dan wilayah di Australia|negara bagian]] [[Australia]] [[Australia Selatan]], terletak di {{convert|78|km|mi|0}} sebelah tenggara ibu kota negara bagiannya, [[Adelaide, Australia Selatan|Adelaide]], dan {{convert|77|km|mi|0}} sebelah utara kota [[Meningie, Australia Selatan|Meningie]]. Kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk perkotaan sekitar 18.779 pada Juni 2018,<ref name=ABSSUA>{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02017-18|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=27 Maret 2019|access-date=25 Oktober 2019}} Perkiraan jumlah penduduk, 30 Juni 2018.</ref> menjadikannya kota dengan jumlah peduduk terbanyak kelima di negara bagian tersebut setelah Adelaide, [[Mount Gambier, Australia Selatan|Mount Gambier]], [[Gawler, Australia Selatan|Gawler]], dan [[Whyalla, Australia Selatan|Whyalla]].
Kota ini disebut ''Pomberuk'' oleh pemilik asli tanah ini, Orang [[Ngarrindjeri]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies|date=2019-07-26|title=S69: NGARRINDJERI|url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/s69|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-02|website=collection.aiatsis.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> Kemudian dikenal sebagai ''Mobilong'' dan selanjutnya sebagai ''Edwards Crossing'', sebelum diberi nama sebagai ''Murray Bridge'' pada 1924,<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://www.murraybridge.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=523|title=Rural City of Murray Bridge|work=About Murray Bridge|publisher=Rural City of Murray Bridge|access-date=28 Maret 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47205687 |title=NEW TOWN NAMES APPROVED |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|location=Adelaide |date=26 Juli 1940 |access-date=5 September 2016 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> yang namanya diambil dari [[nama jalan]] dan [[perlintasan kereta api]] di atas [[Sungai Murray]]. Kota ini terletak di [[Princes Highway]], jalur transportasi utama yang menghubungkan Adelaide dengan [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]].
Kota ini memiliki area [[pertanian]] termasuk [[peternakan susu]], babi, ayam, [[serealia]], dan sayuran.
== Geografi ==
=== Lokasi ===
Murray Bridge terletak di 76 km sebelah tenggara [[Adelaide]] dan pusat penduduknya di wilayah Murraylands. Kota ini memiliki luas perkotaan seluas 97.5 km<sup>2</sup>, atau 5.3% dari daerah dewan Rural City of Murray Bridge seluas 1,832 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the profile areas {{!}} Rural City of Murray Bridge {{!}} profile.id|url=https://profile.id.com.au/murray-bridge/about#:~:text=The%202019%20Estimated%20Resident%20Population,of%200.12%20persons%20per%20hectare.|access-date=2021-01-11|website=profile.id.com.au}}</ref>
=== Perairan ===
Terletak di [[Sungai Murray]], sungai tersebut adalah sumber kehidupan bagi kota ini dan wilayah sekitarnya. Sungai ini mengalir ke danau terdekat, [[Danau Alexandrina (Australia Selatan)|Danau Alexandrina]] dan [[Danau Albert (Australia Selatan)|Danau Albert]]. Adelaide rata-rata menerima 55% persediaan airnya dari Murray. Pada masa kekeringan 1982/1983, 90% persediaan air Adelaide dipompa dari Murray. Area industri “Iron Triangle” (Segitiga Besi) menerima 90% persediaan airnya dari Murray.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Use and Consumption of Murray River Water|url=http://www.murrayriver.com.au/about-the-murray/water-use-and-consumption/#:~:text=Adelaide%20receives%2055%25%20of%20its,it%27s%20water%20from%20the%20Murray.|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.murrayriver.com.au}}</ref>
=== Iklim ===
Murray Bridge memiliki [[iklim semi-kering]] dengan [[musim panas]] yang hangat hingga panas, dan [[musim dingin]] yang agak sejuk, berbatasan dengan [[iklim Mediterania]]. Suhu tertinggi yang tercatat adalah {{convert|46.6|°C}} yang dicapai pada [[28 Januari]] [[2009]] pada peristiwa [[Gelombang panas Australia tenggara 2009|gelombang panas Australia tenggara awal 2009]]—menjadikannya salah satu suhu terpanas yang pernah tercatat di wilayah metropolitan Australia Selatan.{{Weather box
| location = Murray Bridge
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.1
| Feb high C = 29.3
| Mar high C = 26.7
| Apr high C = 23.5
| May high C = 19.6
| Jun high C = 16.7
| Jul high C = 16.2
| Aug high C = 17.5
| Sep high C = 19.8
| Oct high C = 22.7
| Nov high C = 25.6
| Dec high C = 27.5
| year high C = 22.8
| Jan record high C = 46.6
| Feb record high C = 46.4
| Mar record high C = 43.7
| Apr record high C = 39.2
| May record high C = 31.0
| Jun record high C = 25.6
| Jul record high C = 26.7
| Aug record high C = 30.9
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Oct record high C = 39.7
| Nov record high C = 44.2
| Dec record high C = 44.4
| year record high C = 46.6
| Jan low C = 14.6
| Feb low C = 14.6
| Mar low C = 12.9
| Apr low C = 10.3
| May low C = 8.0
| Jun low C = 6.0
| Jul low C = 5.4
| Aug low C = 5.9
| Sep low C = 7.2
| Oct low C = 9.0
| Nov low C = 11.4
| Dec low C = 13.2
| year low C = 9.9
| Jan record low C = 5.1
| Feb record low C = 5.7
| Mar record low C = 4.1
| Apr record low C = -0.6
| May record low C = -1.8
| Jun record low C = -4.3
| Jul record low C = -5.0
| Aug record low C = -2.0
| Sep record low C = -1.4
| Oct record low C = -0.6
| Nov record low C = 2.1
| Dec record low C = 4.0
| year record low C = -5.0
| Jan precipitation mm = 16.4
| Feb precipitation mm = 18.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 20.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 28.8
| May precipitation mm = 34.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 37.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 35.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 37.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 36.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 34.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 25.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 23.6
| year precipitation mm = 348.5
| Jan precipitation days = 3.8
| Feb precipitation days = 3.9
| Mar precipitation days = 4.8
| Apr precipitation days = 7.7
| May precipitation days = 10.4
| Jun precipitation days = 11.8
| Jul precipitation days = 12.4
| Aug precipitation days = 12.8
| Sep precipitation days = 10.5
| Oct precipitation days = 8.9
| Nov precipitation days = 6.1
| Dec precipitation days = 5.3
| year precipitation days = 98.4
| source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_024521_All.shtml
| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology |title = Climate statistics for Murray Bridge |access-date = 17 Agustus 2011}}</ref>
| date = Agustus 2011
}}
== Demografi ==
Berdasarkan [https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/LGA45040 sensus 2016], wilayah Murray Bridge memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak 20.858 orang. [[Usia rata-rata|Usia rata-ratanya]] adalah 41, dan 21,7% penduduknya lahir di luar negeri. [[Pendapatan rumah tangga rata-rata di Australia dan Selandia Baru|Pendapatan rumah tangga]] mingguannya rata-rata adalah $973 per minggu, dibandingkan dengan rata-rata Australia Selatan $1.206 per minggu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/LGA45040|title=2016 Census QuickStats: Murray Bridge (RC)|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|archive-date=2016}}</ref>
Wilayah perkotaan yang meliputi dan mengelilingi Murray Bridge memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak {{formatnum:16708}} orang menurut [[Sensus di Australia|sensus 2011]].<ref name="census11">{{Census 2011 AUS|id=4003|name=Murray Bridge (SUA)|access-date=15 Oktober 2013|quick=on}}</ref> Pada [[Sensus di Australia|sensus 2006]], jumlah penduduknya sebanyak {{formatnum:14048}} orang<ref name="census06" /> dan pada [[Sensus di Australia|sensus 2001]], jumlah penduduknya sebanyak {{formatnum:12998}} orang.
Pada sensus 2006, 10,4% penduduknya lahir di luar negeri, dan 4,5% adalah [[Pribumi-Australia]]. Pendapatan rumah tangga rata-rata per minggu adalah A$639, dibandingkan dengan $924 di Adelaide. 13,3% penduduknya mengaku sebagai [[Gereja Lutheran|Lutheran]], sementara lebih tinggi 24,7% mengaku [[tidak beragama]].<ref name=census06>{{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL418000|name=Murray Bridge (Urban Centre/Locality)|access-date=15 March 2010|quick=on}}</ref>
== Pendidikan ==
=== Pendidikan dasar dan menengah ===
Sekolah setempat antara lain Unity College, Murray Bridge North School, Murray Bridge South Primary School, Fraser Park Primary School, St Joseph's School, Murray Bridge High School, dan Tyndale Christian College.
=== Pendidikan tinggi ===
Murray Bridge memiliki kampus [[Technical and further education|TAFE]] [[Australia Selatan]] kecil, yang menawarkan [[kursus]] tersier terbatas. [[Universitas Flinders]] membuka kampus [[kedokteran]] pedesaan pada 2012. Tempat ini memberikan mahasiswa penempatan medis di pedesaan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hills Mallee Fleurieu & Kangaroo Island|url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/|access-date=2 April 2019|website=flinders.edu.au|language=en}}</ref>
== Kota kembar ==
Murray Bridge punya dua [[kota kembar]].
*{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]], [[Texas]], [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>[http://www.laredotexas.gov/SisterCities/SisterCityIndex.htm City of Laredo Sister Cities International]. 24 April 2017.</ref><ref>Sister Cities International [http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Murray%20Bridge,%20Australia Interactive City Directory - Murray Bridge, Australia] Diakses tanggal 24 April 2017.</ref>
*{{flagicon|Tiongkok}} [[Sanmenxia]], [[Henan]], [[Tiongkok]]<ref>Sister Cities Australia Inc. [http://www.sistercitiesaustralia.com/images/images_media/Documents/Aust_SCA_Affiliations_Aug2016.pdf Directory of Affiliations, 2016] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424002056/http://www.sistercitiesaustralia.com/images/images_media/Documents/Aust_SCA_Affiliations_Aug2016.pdf |date=24 April 2017 }} Diakses tanggal 24 April 2017.</ref>
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Murray Bridge in 1912.jpg|Murray Bridge pada tahun 1912.
Murray Bridge road and rail bridges.JPG|Jembatan jalan Murray Bridge (kiri, 1879) dan jembatan kereta (kanan, 1924) diatas [[Sungai Murray]].
MurrayBridge3.JPG|Jembatan tahun 1879.
Murray Bridge racetrack.jpg|Tribun di Gelanggang Pacuan Kuda Murray Bridge.
File:Murray Bridge - railway bridge & over flats in 2021.jpg|Jembatan kereta diatas dataran.
</gallery>
== Reflist ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.murraybridge.sa.gov.au/ Rural City of Murray Bridge]
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/420105040Population/People12002-2006?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=420105040&issue=2002-2006/ Australian Bureau of Statistics — Murray Bridge]
* [http://bigstories.com.au/#/town/murray-bridge Big Stories, Small Towns] — Dokumenter daring yang menampilkan video, cerita digital, dan esai foto tentang Murray Bridge
* [http://www.murrayvalleystandard.com.au/ The Murray Valley Standard] — berita setempat
[[Kategori:Kota di Australia Selatan]]
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