Marco Polo: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:Kublai Khan meeting Marco Polo.png|thumb|Marco menghadap [[Kubilai Khan]].]]
Pada tahun 1271, Niccolò, Maffeo, dan Marco Polo berangkat meninggalkan Venesia dengan maksud memenuhi permintaan Kubilai Khan. Mereka berlayar ke bandar [[Akko, Israel|Akko]], kemudian menempuh jalur darat dengan mengendarai unta ke bandar [[Hormuz, Iran|Hormuz]] di Persia. Mereka berniat untuk berlayar langsung ke Tiongkok, tetapi kapal-kapal di Hormuz tidak laik laut, oleh karena itu mereka memutuskan untuk menempuh jalan darat melalui [[Jalur Sutra]] sampai ke istana musim panas Kubilai Khan di [[Xanadu|Shangdu]], dekat [[Zhangjiakou]] sekarang.<!-- In one instance during their trip, the Polos joined a caravan of travelling merchants whom they crossed paths with. Unfortunately, the party was soon attacked by [[bandits]], who used the cover of a sandstorm to ambush them. The Polos managed to fight and escape through a nearby town, but many members of the caravan were killed or enslaved.<ref>Zelenyj, Alexander, ''Marco Polo: Overland to China'', Crabtree Publishing Company (2005) Chapter: Along the Silk Road. {{ISBN|978-0-7787-2453-7}}</ref> Three and a half years after leaving Venice, when Marco was about 21 years old, the Polos were welcomed by Kublai into his palace.<ref name="WB"/> The exact date of their arrival is unknown, but scholars estimate it to be between 1271 and 1275.{{refn|group="nb"|[[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]], a [[Tibet]]an monk and confidant of Kublai Khan, mentions in his diaries that in 1271 a foreign friend of Kublai Khan visits—quite possibly one of the elder Polos or even Marco Polo himself, although, no name was given. If this is not the case, a more likely date for their arrival is 1275 (or 1274, according to the research of Japanese scholar Matsuo Otagi).({{Harvnb|Britannica|2002|p=571}})}} On reaching the Yuan court, the Polos presented the sacred oil from Jerusalem and the papal letters to their patron.<ref name="Britannica571"/>
Marco knew four languages, and the family had accumulated a great deal of knowledge and experience that was useful to Kublai. It is possible that he became a government official;<ref name="WB"/> he wrote about many imperial visits to China's southern and eastern provinces, the far south and [[Burma]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://web.soas.ac.uk/burma/pdf/Polo.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219141709/http://web.soas.ac.uk/burma/pdf/Polo.pdf|archive-date=February 19, 2009|title=The Travels of Marco Polo, The Venetian (1298)|access-date=February 21, 2013|author=W. Marsden|editor=Thomas Wright|year=2004}}</ref> They were highly respected and sought after in the Mongolian court, and so Kublai Khan decided to decline the Polos' requests to leave China. They became worried about returning home safely, believing that if Kublai died, his enemies might turn against them because of their close involvement with the ruler. In 1292, Kublai's great-nephew, then ruler of [[Iran|Persia]], sent representatives to China in search of a potential wife, and they asked the Polos to accompany them, so they were permitted to return to Persia with the wedding party—which left that same year from [[Quanzhou|Zaitun]] in southern China on a fleet of 14 [[Junk (ship)|junks]]. The party sailed to the port of [[Singapore]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Yule|Cordier|1923|loc=vol. 3 ch. 8|p=281}}</ref> travelled north to [[Sumatra]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Yule|Cordier|1923|loc=vol. 3 ch. 9|p=286}}</ref> and around the southern tip of India,<ref>{{Harvnb|Yule|Cordier|1923|loc=vol. 3 ch. 21|p=373}}</ref> eventually crossing the [[Arabian Sea]] to [[Ormus|Hormuz]]. The two-year voyage was a perilous one—of the six hundred people (not including the crew) in the convoy only eighteen had survived (including all three Polos).<ref>Boyle, J.A. (1971). Marco Polo and his Description of the World. ''History Today''. Vol. 21, No. 11. [http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=33372&amid=30283909 Historyoftoday.com]</ref> The Polos left the wedding party after reaching Hormuz and travelled overland to the port of Trebizond on the [[Black Sea]], the present-day [[Trabzon]].<ref name="WB"/>
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