Jardine Matheson: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Robot: Perubahan kosmetika
Update data perusahaan
Baris 1:
{{Short description|Konglomerat asal Britania Raya yang didaftarkan sebagai sebuah badan hukum di Bermuda dan berkantor pusat di Hong Kong}}
{{Kotak info perusahaan
{{Redirect|Jardine's||Jardines (disambiguasi)}}
|company_name = Jardine Matheson
{{Infobox company
|company_logo = [[Berkas:Jardine Matheson Holdings logo.svg|200px]]
| name = Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited
|caption =
| logo = Jardine Matheson Holdings logo.svg
|company_type =
| logo_size = 200px
|genre =
| image = Jardine House-2.jpg
|foundation =
| image_size = 250px
|founder =
| image_caption = [[Jardine House]] di Hong Kong
|location_city =
| type = [[Perusahaan publik]]
|location_country = Hong Kong
| traded_as = {{Plainlist|
|area_served = Seluruh dunia
* {{LSE|JARB}}
|key_people =
* {{LSE|JARJ}}
|industry = konglomerat
* {{LSE|JAR}}
|products =
* {{SGX|J36}}
|revenue = $39,5 miliar
* {{BSX|JMHBD.BH}}
|operating_income =
|net_income =
|assets = $63,8 miliar
|equity =
|num_employees =
|owner =
|parent =
|divisions =
|company_slogan =
|homepage = [http://www.forbes.com/companies/jardine-matheson/ www.forbes.com/companies/jardine-matheson/]
|dissolved =
|footnotes =
}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1 July 1832}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Thistle and the Jade|last=Keswick|first=Maggie|publisher=Frances Lincoln Limited|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7112-2830-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=11|quote=the Scots firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co., which, taking root beside the jade on 1 July 1832, has flourished there ever since.}}</ref>
| founder = {{ubl |[[William Jardine (pedagang)|William Jardine]] |[[James Matheson]]}}
| location = 48/F [[Jardine House]], Hong Kong
| key_people = {{ubl
|[[Keluarga Keswick#Ben Keswick|Ben Keswick]] (chairman eksekutif)
|John Witt ([[direktur utama]])
|[[Henry Keswick (pebisnis)|Sir Henry Keswick]] (chairman emeritus)
}}
| area_served = Seluruh dunia
| industry = [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|Konglomerat]]
| subsid = {{Plainlist|
* [[Astra International]]
* [[Jardine Pacific]]
* [[Jardine Motors Group|Jardine Motors]]
* [[Jardine Strategic Holdings]]
* [[Jardine Cycle & Carriage Limited|Jardine Cycle & Carriage]]
* [[Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group]]
* [[Hongkong Land]]
* [[Dairy Farm International Holdings|Dairy Farm]]
}}
| owner = [[Bisnis independen|Independen]] (94%)
| products = {{ubl |Ritel |Lahan yasan |Pengapalan dan aviasi |Konstruksi |Otomotif |Hotel}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} US$40,9 milyar (2019)<ref name="Annual Report 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jardines.com/assets/files/Investors/Reports/matheson/jm-ar2019.pdf|title=Jardine Matheson Annual Report 2019|website=Jardines|access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|jardines.com}}
}}
{{Chinese|title=Jardine, Matheson Co Ltd |t=怡和輪船公司|s=怡和轮船公司|p=Yíhé Lúnchuán Gōngsī|j={{tonesup|Ji4wo4*2 Leon4syun4 Gung1si1}}}}
 
'''Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''Jardines''') adalah sebuah [[Konglomerat (perusahaan)|konglomerat]] multinasional asal Britania Raya yang didaftarkan sebagai sebuah badan hukum di [[Bermuda]] dan berkantor pusat di [[Hong Kong]]. Jardines melantai di [[Bursa Saham London]], [[Bursa Saham Singapura]], dan [[Bursa Saham Bermuda]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=McNamara |first1=Neil |title=Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited: Interim Management Statement |url=https://www.jardines.com/assets/files/NewsAndEvents/corporate-press-releases/jardine-matheson/p160505.pdf |website=Jardines |publisher=Jardine Matheson Group |access-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508221754/http://www.jardines.com/assets/files/NewsAndEvents/corporate-press-releases/jardine-matheson/p160505.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mayoritas bisnis perusahaan ini berada di Asia, dengan anak usahanya meliputi Jardine Pacific, [[Jardine Motors Group|Jardine Motors]], [[Hongkong Land]], [[Jardine Strategic Holdings]], [[Dairy Farm International Holdings|Dairy Farm]], [[Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group]], [[Jardine Cycle & Carriage Limited|Jardine Cycle & Carriage]], dan [[Astra International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD/GBR/0012/MS+JM|title=Janus: Jardine Matheson Archive|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corporateinformation.com/Company-Snapshot.aspx?cusip=C344E1820|title=Jardine Matheson Holdings Ltd. (J36) Company Profile|website=corporateinformation.com|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612221650/http://www.corporateinformation.com/Company-Snapshot.aspx?cusip=C344E1820|archive-date=12 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transnationale.org/companies/jardine_matheson.php|title=Jardine Matheson Holdings Ltd. – Company profile & brands|website=transnationale.org|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405024415/http://www.transnationale.org/companies/jardine_matheson.php|archive-date=5 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Perusahaan ini membentuk [[Jardine Scholarship]] pada tahun 1982<ref>{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|title=The chosen one|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/1352983/the-chosen-one|access-date=2021-04-12}}</ref> dan Mindset, sebuah organisasi amal yang fokus pada kesehatan jiwa, pada tahun 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-17|title=Breaking mental health barriers|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/711667/breaking-mental-health-barriers|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-12|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>
 
Jardines merupakan salah satu rumah dagang atau [[Hong (bisnis)|Hong]] yang telah eksis sejak masa [[Kekaisaran Tiongkok]].<ref name="JMPROF">{{cite web|url=http://www.jardines.com/the-group/publications.html|title=Jardine Group Profile|access-date=23 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629173813/http://www.jardines.com/the-group/publications.html|archive-date=29 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sebanyak 58% laba perusahaan ini didapat dari Tiongkok pada tahun 2019.<ref name="Annual Report 2019"/> Perusahaan ini dikendalikan oleh [[keluarga Keswick]], yang merupakan keturunan dari kakak William Jardine, yakni Jean Johnstone.
 
Jardine Matheson masuk dalam daftar [[Fortune Global 500]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jardine Matheson {{!}} 2020 Global 500|url=https://fortune.com/company/jardine-matheson/global500/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> Pada tahun 2013, Jardine Matheson dan [[Jardine Strategic]] merupakan salah satu dari 200 perusahaan publik dengan [[kapitalisasi pasar]] terbesar di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 June 2015|title=FT 500 2015|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a352a706-16a0-11e5-b07f-00144feabdc0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220114140/https://www.ft.com/content/a352a706-16a0-11e5-b07f-00144feabdc0|archive-date=20 December 2016|access-date=4 April 2018|website=Financial Times}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|2}}
 
==Sejarah==
{{Main|Sejarah Jardine Matheson & Co.}}
===Abad ke-19 hingga Perang Dunia II: Awal mula===
[[File:WilliamJardine&JamesMatheson.jpg|thumb|400px|William Jardine dan James Matheson, pendiri perusahaan ini]]
[[File:1846ViewFromCausewayBayOfJardinesBuilding.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bangunan awal Jardines dilihat dari [[Causeway Bay]], Hong Kong pada tahun 1846.]]
 
Jardine, Matheson & Company memulai sejarahnya pada tahun 1832 sebagai hasil perubahan mitra pada Cox & Reid, sebuah kemitraan yang didirikan pada tahun 1782 oleh [[John Henry Cox|John Cox]] dan [[John Reid (pedagang)|John Reid]], di mana John Reid merupakan agen dari [[Trieste Company]] asal [[Monarki Habsburg|Austria]].<ref name="Adshead 1995">{{citation |last=Adshead |first=Samuel Adrian Miles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOxeCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover |title=China in World History, ''2nd ed''. |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-62132-5 |year=1995 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DOxeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA274 274] }}.</ref>
 
Lulusan [[Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Edinburgh]], [[William Jardine (pedagang)|William Jardine]] (1784-1843) bergabung ke perusahaan ini, yang saat itu telah beberapa kali berubah nama, mulai dari Cox & Beale, Beale & Company, Beale & Magniac, hingga Magniac & Company, pada tahun 1825 atas undangan dari [[Hollingworth Magniac]]. Lulusan [[Universitas Edinburgh]] lain, yakni [[James Matheson]] juga bergabung pada tahun 1828, saat Magniac bersiap untuk pensiun.<ref name="Adshead 1995"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html | title = Jardine Matheson Archive | publisher = [[University of Manchester]] | access-date = 10 April 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001710/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html | archive-date = 29 September 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Dengan diserahkannya Hong Kong sesuai [[Perjanjian Nanking]] tahun 1842, perusahaan ini, yang saat itu telah bernama Jardine, Matheson & Company, pun mendirikan kantor pusat di Hong Kong dan dapat tumbuh pesat. Sembari tetap memperdagangkan [[Sejarah opium di Tiongkok|opium selundupan]], teh, dan kapas, perusahaan ini kemudian berekspansi ke bisnis lain, seperti asuransi, pengapalan, dan perkeretaapian. Pada pertengahan abad ke-19, perusahaan ini telah menjadi ''[[Hong (bisnis)|hong]]'' atau konglomerat perdagangan terbesar, dengan kantor di semua kota penting di Tiongkok, serta di [[Yokohama]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]]. {{sfnp|Dong|2001|p=6}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jardine, Matheson & Co.|title=Jardines & the EWO Interests|publisher=New York: Charles Phelps|year=1947}}</ref> Salah satu agen cabang Jardines, yakni [[Thomas Blake Glover|Glover and Co.]] yang didirikan di [[Nagasaki]], dikenal di Jepang sebagai diler senjata yang berkontrak dengan pasukan pemberontak dari [[Domain Chōshū]] yang memimpin [[Restorasi Meiji]] pada tahun 1868.
 
Pada awal abad ke-20, Jardines membangun pabrik kapas, pabrik pengemasan tekan, dan sebuah pabrik bir di Shanghai, sembari berekspansi ke Afrika, Amerika, dan Australia. Saat [[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua|perang terjadi di Tiongkok pada tahun 1937]], perusahaan ini pun mengalami kerugian besar di Hong Kong dan di Tiongkok daratan.
 
Pasca pendirian Republik Rakyat Tiongkok pada tahun 1949, syarat perdagangan untuk perusahaan asing di bawah rezim komunis baru menjadi makin sulit.<ref name="TIME">[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,860374,00.html ''CHINA: Road to Disillusion''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204152150/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,860374,00.html |date=4 February 2011 }}, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 8 February 1954</ref>
 
===Restrukturisasi dan ekspansi pasca Perang Dunia II===
Perusahaan ini resmi [[melantai]] di Hong Kong pada tahun 1961.<ref name="ARCHUB">{{cite web|url=http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html|title=Jardine Matheson Archives|publisher=[[Archives Hub]]|access-date=13 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001710/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/03021205.html|archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> [[Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong|Mandarin Hotel]] dibuka pada tahun 1963 sebagai hotel bintang lima pertama di Hong Kong.
 
Pada tahun 1970, Jardine Fleming, [[bank dagang]] pertama di Asia, resmi beroperasi, sementara sebuah perusahaan lahan yasan dan [[perkebunan tebu di Hawaii]] dan [[Filipina]] resmi diakuisisi. Ledakan permintaan bangunan di Hong Kong pada dekade 1970-an membuat Jardines membeli [[Gammon Construction]], perusahaan konstruksi dan rekayasa sipil terbesar di Hong Kong.<ref name="Jardine 1960">{{cite web|url=http://www.jardines.com/the-group/history/1960-1979.html|title=Jardine official site|website=jardines.com|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BiZd7zD3?url=http://www.jardines.com/the-group/history/1960-1979.html|archive-date=27 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Perusahaan ini kembali eksis di Tiongkok daratan pada tahun 1979 setelah Tiongkok [[reformasi ekonomi Tiongkok|bereformasi dan membuka diri]]. Setahun kemudian, perusahaan ini mendirikan Beijing Air Catering Company Ltd., [[joint venture]] asing pertama di Tiongkok.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usd-cny.com/news/finance/hongguan/82964.html|title=China's first foreign joint venture: The Beijing Air Catering Co. Ltd. (中国首家中外合资企业:北京航空食品有限公司)|language=zh|date=4 September 2009|access-date=20 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916195415/http://www.usd-cny.com/news/finance/hongguan/82964.html|archive-date=16 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama dekade 1970-an, Jardines juga mengembangkan bisnis asuransinya dengan mengakuisisi sejumlah perusahaan asal Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat yang menjadi dasar pembentukan Jardine Insurance Brokers.<ref name="JARDINE1960">{{cite web|url=http://www.jardines.com/the-group/history/1960-1979.html|title=Jardines official site|website=jardines.com|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BiZd7zD3?url=http://www.jardines.com/the-group/history/1960-1979.html|archive-date=27 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 1980, perusahaan ini telah eksis di Afrika bagian selatan, Australia, Tiongkok, Britania Raya, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Filipina, Arab Saudi, Singapura, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, Thailand, dan Amerika Serikat, dengan mempekerjakan 37.000 orang.<ref name="ARCHUB" />
'''Jardine Matheson''' adalah sebuah perusahaan asal [[Hong Kong]] yang bergerak di sektor manufaktur.<ref name="forbes">http://www.forbes.com/companies/jardine-matheson/</ref> Industri yang menjadi fokus utama Jardine Matheson adalah industri konglomerat.<ref name="forbes" /> Pada tahun 2014, Jardine Matheson mendapatkan nilai penjualan sebesar AS$39,5 miliar dengan profit AS$1,6 miliar.<ref name="forbes" />
 
==Catatan==
Pada tahun yang sama, Jardine Matheson menempati peringkat ke-208 dalam daftar [[Global 2000]], sebuah daftar perusahaan terbesar di dunia yang diperingkat oleh majalah bisnis [[Forbes]], dengan total nilai pasar (''market value'') AS$43,4 miliar dan total aset sebesar AS$63,8 miliar.<ref name="forbes" />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}
 
== Referensi ==
* {{Cite book|last1=Blake|first1=Robert|title=Jardine Matheson: Traders of the Far East|publisher=London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=1999|isbn=978-0-297-82501-2}}
{{reflist}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Chang|first1=Hsin-pao|title=Commissioner Lin and the Opium War|publisher=Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press |year=1964}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cheong|first=W.E.|title=The Hong merchants of Canton: Chinese merchants in Sino-Western trade|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-0361-6}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=3BjCHpQk5J8C&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=ewo+canton&source=bl&ots=QzmfVaeXMV&sig=0wawF7OPXXml_L8Vg_vBGlfTSBE&hl=zh-CN&ei=FyGiTbmICY_vcOizrPAB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=ewo%20canton&f=false Online version at Google books]
* {{Cite book | first=Peter | last=Crush | title=Woosung Road: The story of China's First Railway | location=Hong Kong | publisher=Railway Tavern | year=1999 | isbn=978-962-85532-1-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dong|first=Stella|title=Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City|publisher=New York: HarperCollins Publishers|year=2001|isbn=978-0-060-93481-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Earnshaw|first=Graham|title=Tales of Old Shanghai|publisher=Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books|year=2008|isbn=978-988-17-6211-5}}
* {{Cite book|first=Amar|last=Farooqui|title=Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790-1843|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7391-0886-4}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Michael |editor1-first=Patrick J. N. |editor1-last=Tuck |title=British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–1842 |volume=9 |year=2000|publisher=Routledge |location= New York|isbn=978-0-415-18998-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=Janin|title=The India-China opium trade in the nineteenth century|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7864-0715-6}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=LK12iessxcwC&pg=PA97&dq=jardine+matheson&hl=zh-CN&ei=Lc_6TazxFYXcvQOm0LiUAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=jardine%20matheson&f=false Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book|author=Jardine, Matheson & Co.|title=Jardines & the EWO Interests|publisher=New York: Charles Phelps|year=1947}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Keswick|first1=Maggie|last2=Weatherall|first2=Clara|title=The thistle and the jade:a celebration of 175 years of Jardine Matheson|year=2008|publisher=Francis Lincoln Publishing|isbn=978-0-7112-2830-6}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=yHXNMZJ2WGoC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=the+house+of+magniac&source=bl&ots=6zxFBTvoq5&sig=Ya_ETY-yvlzBeFoEOs9HTLC0Hoo&hl=zh-CN&ei=IJGOTd76O4LMuAP-jLGsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=the%20house%20of%20magniac&f=false Online version at Google books]
* {{Cite book|first1=David M.|last1= Lampton|first2=Zhaojin|last2=Ji|title=A History of Modern Shanghai Banking: The Rise and Decline of China's Finance Capitalism|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7656-1003-4}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=aesatCvz-PgC Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book|last=LeFevour|first=Edward|title=Western Enterprise in Late Ch'ing China: A Selective Survey of Jardine, Matheson & Company's Operations, 1842–1895 in Harvard East Asian Monographs 26|publisher=Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0-674-95010-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Matheson Connell|first=Carol|title=A Business in Risk – Jardine Matheson and the Hong Kong Trading Industry|publisher=Praeger|year=2004|isbn=978-0-275-98035-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=TOOCn-yBRWoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+Business+in+Risk+%E2%80%93+Jardine+Matheson+and+the+Hong+Kong+Trading+Industry&source=bl&ots=KgTVaoEtfL&sig=1RVa6TsN03S9PJfFi263akYu58U&hl=zh-CN&ei=gqufTfK_B4SXcfysycAP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Online version at Google books]
* {{Cite book|last=Meyer|first=David R.|title=Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-64344-3}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=tNAnHzmPktYC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=Western+enterprise+in+late+Ch%E2%80%99ing+China&source=bl&ots=qSigiRylnM&sig=0cQ2awDTm26RJQhdJ_XBXFUxai8&hl=en&ei=p2n4Tc-DBozsvQPq_-SCDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=jardine&f=false Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Ngo|editor1-first=Tak-Wing|title=Hong Kong's History: State and Society Under Colonial Rule|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-0-415-20305-0}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=-7WKBbcc400C&printsec=frontcover&dq=hong+Kong+history&hl=zh-CN&ei=1bj6TaXUBIq6ugOP8ti6Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=hong%20Kong%20history&f=false Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book|last=Tamura|first=Eileen|title=China: Understanding its past|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8248-1923-1}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=O0TQ_Puz-w8C&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=thirteen+factories&source=bl&ots=NzAY4xDOkA&sig=ur1Zav6_90z84a4_KvoVKT34V4Q&hl=zh-CN&ei=OEvxTa_7EIjSuwPCp7jNBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBjge#v=onepage&q=thirteen%20factories&f=false Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book |title=A Modern History of Hong Kong|first1=Steve|last1=Tsang|publisher=I. B. Taurus & Company|isbn=978-1-84511-419-0|year=2007}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=7JC856mG72EC&dq=Hong+Kong&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=fWYRTPGyO9OFnQeO2-SRAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=15&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDg#v=onepage&q&f=false Online version at Google Books]
* {{Cite book|first1=Frederic|last1=Wakeman Jr.(1978, 2nd ed. 1992)|title='The Canton Trade and the Opium War' in The Cambridge History of China, vol. 10, part 1|isbn=978-0-521-21447-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ward Fay|first=Peter|title=The Opium War, 1840-1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Kingdom in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by Which They Forced Her Gates Ajar|publisher=New York: Norton|year=1976|isbn=978-0-8078-4714-5}}
 
==Bacaan Lihat pulalebih lanjut==
* Alain Le Pichon, ''China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. and the Origins of British Rule in Hong Kong, 1827–1843'' (Oxford; New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2006).
* [[Global 2000]]
* [[New York Stock Exchange]]
* [[Forbes]]
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Jardine Matheson Group}}
* [http://www.forbes.com/companies/jardine-matheson/ Situs resmi Jardine Matheson]
* [http://www.jardines.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.jardinemotors.co.uk/ Official Jardine Motors Group website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111227181619/http://www.jardine-shipping.com/ Official Jardine Shipping Services website]
* [https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/snapshots/8000.html 437.Jardine Matheson/Fortune Global 500]
 
{{S&PFTSE Asia 50STI}}
{{Authority control}}
{{perusahaan-stub}}
 
[[Kategori:Perusahaan Hong Kong]]
[[Kategori:Global 2000]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1832]]