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Revisi per 18 Agustus 2021 15.55

Armada Pasifik Britania (Inggris: British Pacific Fleet/BPF) merupakan formasi militer Angkatan Laut Britania Raya yang melancarkan aksi terhadap Kekaisaran Jepang selama Perang Dunia II. Armada tersebut terdiri atas kapal laut Persemakmuran. Secara resmi, Armada Pasifik Britania dibentuk pada tanggal 22 November 1944 dari sisa-sisa kapal Armada Timur yang kemudian dinamai ulang sebagai Armada Hindia Timur yang terus bermarkas di Tirukōṇamalai.[1] Markas utama Armada Pasifik Britania ada di Sydney, Australia, dengan markas muka di Pulau Manus. Sebagai salah satu armada terbesar yang pernah disusun oleh AL Britania Raya, dari Hari Kemenangan atas Jepang, armada tersebut terdiri atas 200 kapal dan kapal selam dan lebih dari 750 pesawat, termasuk 4 kapal tempur dan 6 kapal induk armada, 15 kapal pembawa pesawat kecil, 11 kapal penjelajah, dan sejumlah kapal perang, kapal selam, dan kapal pendukung yang lebih kecil. Armada tersebut ikut serta dalam Pertempuran Okinawa dan penyerangan laut terakhir atas Jepang.

Armada Pasifik Britania
5 dari 6 kapal pengangkut armada milik Armada Pasifik Britania sekitar tahun 1945
Aktif1944–1945
NegaraBritania Raya Britania Raya
CabangAngkatan Laut Britania Raya
also:
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Australia
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Kanada
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Selandia Baru
Tipe unitArmada laut
Pertempuran
Tokoh
Tokoh berjasaBruce Austin Fraser

Latar belakang

Angkatan pendukung

Pasokan

 
Melbourne, 13 Desember 1944. Konferensi pertama staf Armada Pasifik Britania Laks. Sir Bruce Fraser, yang diselenggarakan di Melbourne. Dari kiri ke kanan: Letnan Komandan GP. Vollmer (Sekretaris Kepala Staf); Letnan Komandan RN. Heard; Laksamana Muda Charles Saumarez Daniel (duduk) LaksDa (administrasi); Komodor WG. Andrews; Kapten EH. Shattock (tersembunyi); Kapt. RC. Duckworth; Letnan SG. Warrender.

Operasi

 
Cabang Udara Armada Grumman Avengers, Supermarine Seafire, dan Fairey Firefly di dek kapal HMS Implacabl sedang menghangatkan mesinnya sebelum bertolak. Kapal perang Britania Raya lain di bagian belakang.
 
Formidable terbakar setelah serangan kamikaze.
 
Tank minyak pembantu FAA Corsair terbakar saat melakukan pendaratan darurat di atas HMS Victorious.
 
Kapal induk kawal Shimane Maru Kekaisaran Jepang diserang oleh pesawat Avenger yang beroperasi dari HMS Victorious pada tanggal 24 Juli 1945.
 
Grumman Avenger hendak menyerang sasaran Sakishima untuk mendukung pendaratan Amerika di Okinawa.

Kerja sama Sekutu

Orde pertempuran

Kapal

 
HMS Formidable sedang melintasi jala anti-kapal selam Sydney Harbour pada tahun 1945. Cerobong yang turun disebabkan oleh serangan kamikaze yang digambarkan di atas, di mana pesawat Jepang menabrak dek terbang.

Skuadron Cabang Udara Armada

Lihat pula: Daftar kelompok Cabang Udara Armada

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|- |812 |Barracuda II |Vengeance |July 1945 onwards |At sea on VJ Day en route to Taiwan, as part of Task Group (TG) 111.2, 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron, diverted to Hong Kong arriving 29 August. |- |814 |Barracuda II |Venerable |June 1945 onwards |15th Carrier Air Group, saw no action |- |820 |Avenger I |Indefatigable |Embarked November 1944 with 849 squadron, and took part |With No 2 Strike Wing for attacks on oil refineries at Palembang, Sumatra and Sakashima Gunto islands;
from June 1945 with 7th Carrier Air Group for strikes around Tokyo |- |827 |Barracuda II |Colossus |Embarked for BPF January 1945 |Operated in the Indian Ocean from June 1945 until VJ-Day (BPF service unclear) |- |828 |Barracuda I, II & III
Avenger II |Implacable |From June 1945 |Part of 8th Carrier Air Group, involved in attacks on Truk and Japan |- |837 |Barracuda II |Glory |Embarked April 1945 |Part of 16th Carrier Air Group but saw no action before VJ-Day; covered Japanese surrender at Rabaul |- |848 |Avenger I |Formidable |April 1945 onwards |Participated in strikes against Sakishima Gunto Island airfields and shore targets and on Formosa; in early June 1945 joined the 2nd Carrier Air Group for strikes on Japan in July |- |849 |Avenger I & II |Victorious |December 1944 onwards |Part of No 2 Naval Strike Wing for raids on Pangkalan Brandon and Palembang oil refineries, Sumatra in January 1945; strikes on the Sakashima Gunto islands and Formosa, strikes in July 1945 Japan, near Tokyo, where an 849 aircraft scored the first bomb hit on the carrier Kaiyo |- |854 |Avenger I, II & III |Illustrious |December 1944 onwards |Participated in strikes on Belawan Deli and Palembang; then took part in attacks on the Sakishima Gunto Islands; in July 1945 joined 3rd Carrier Air Group and saw no further action |- |857 |Avenger I & II |Indomitable |November 1944 onwards |Joined in attacks on Belawan Deli, Pangkalan Brandan and Palembang in December 1944 and January 1945; later 2 months continuous attacks on Sakishima Gunto islands and Formosa; no further action before VJ-Day, but subsequently combatted Japanese suicide boats on 31 August and 1 September 1945 near Hong Kong |- |880 |Seafire L.III |Implacable |Embarked March 1945 |Escorted attacks on Truk island in June 1945; at end June merged into the new 8th Carrier Air Group; joined attacks in Japan |- |885 |Hellcat I & II |Ruler |Embarked December 1944 |Provided fighter cover for the Fleet; aircraft re-equipped June 1945, but saw no more action before VJ-Day |- |887 |Seafire F.III & L.III |Indefatigable |Embarked November 1944 |Took part in attack on oil refineries at Palembang, Sumatra in January 1945; strikes on the Sakashima Gunto islands; strikes around Tokyo just before VJ-Day |- |888 |Hellcat |Indefatigable |Until January 1945 |Operations over Sumatra, then remained in Ceylon when BPF departed |- |894 |Seafire L.III |Indefatigable |Embarked November 1944 |Took part in operations against Palembang oil refineries in Sumatra, January 1945; in March and April 1945 attacked targets in the Sakishima Gunto islands, and then attacked the Japanese mainland just prior to VJ-Day. |- |899 |Seafire L.III |Seafire pool |Embarked Chaser February 1945 |Operational Training squadron, was on HMS Arbiter on VJ-Day[2] |- |1770 |Firefly |Indefatigable |Embarked HMS Indefatigable |November 1944 the squadron embarked on HMS Indefatigable for the Far East, where it took part in the attack on the oil refineries at Palembang, Sumatra in January 1945. It subsequently was involved in strikes on the Sakashima Gunto islands, and against Formosa.[3] |- |1771 |Firefly |Implacable |March to September 1945 |Re-embarked as part of the 8th Carrier Air Group to take part in the attacks on Truk in June 1945, and subsequently attacks on the Japanese mainland.[4] |- |1772 |Firefly |Indefatigable |July 1945 onwards till V-J Day |Strikes against the Japanese mainland.[5] |- |1790 |Firefly NF |Vindex |From August 1945 |Not in operational area before VJ-Day[6] |- |1830 |Corsair |Illustrious | December 1943 |Part of 5th Naval Fighter Wing, sailing in January 1944 to Ceylon for the Eastern Fleet. March 1944 sweeps were made over the Bay of Bengal, in April 1944 enemy shore installations were attacked at Sabang, and in May 1944 operation were carried out at Sourabaya.une 1944 was spent attacking the Andaman islands, and in July operations were carried out at Sabang. Then, in August 1944 the ship sailed for Durban to refit, the squadron disembarking at Wingfield where it was stationed till October 1944, having increased to 18 aircraft. In December 1944 and January 1945 the squadron took part in the attacks on Palembang oil refineries in Sumatra, after which the ship joined the British Pacific Fleet. March and April 1945 was spent with operations attacking the Sakishima Gunto islands, but after the ship was damaged by a Japanese Kamikaze it returned with 1830 squadron to the UK. Squadron disbanded July 1945.[7] |- |1831 |Corsair |Glory |June 1945 |No Action.[8] |- |1833 |Corsair |Illustrious |March 1944 |In March 1944 sweeps were made over the Bay of Bengal, in April 1944 enemy shore installations were attacked at Sabang, and in May 1944 operation were carried out at Sourabaya. June 1944 was spent attacking the Andaman islands, and in July operations were carried out at Sabang. Then, in August 1944 the ship sailed for Durban to refit, the squadron disembarking at Wingfield where it was stationed till October 1944, having increased to 18 aircraft. In December 1944 and January 1945 the squadron took part in the attacks on Palembang oil refineries in Sumatra, after which the ship joined the British Pacific Fleet. March and April 1945 was spent with operations attacking the Sakishima Gunto islands, but after the ship was damaged by a Japanese Kamikaze it returned to the UK with 1833 squadron aircrew without their aircraft and where they disbanded in July 1945.[9] |- |1834 |Corsair |Victorious |August 1944 |The squadron took part in a series of attacks on Sumatra, including on the Palembang oil refineries in Sumatra in January 1945. Subsequently, the ship joined the British Pacific Fleet and commenced attacks on the Sakishima Gunto islands between March and May 1945. In June 1945 the squadron joined the 1st Carrier Air Group at Schofields, and embarked on HMS Victorious for a series of attacks on the Japanese mainland in the Tokyo area.[10] |- |1836 |Corsair |Victorious |July 1944 until V-J Day |In July 1944 the squadron attacked oil storage facilities and airfields at Sabang, Sumatra. Operation continued in the area until January 1945 with the attacks on oil installations at Palembang, Sumatra. It subsequently was involved in strikes on the Sakashima Gunto islands, and then joined the 1st Carrier Air Group. The squadron re-embarking on HMS Victorious later in the month for strikes in July 1945 against the Japanese mainland near Tokyo until VJ-Day.[11] |- |1839 |Hellcat |Indomitable |July 1944 to June 1945 |In July 1944 the squadron embarked on HMS Indomitable, providing cover during attacks on Sumatra. In December 1944 and January 1945 the squadron took part in the strikes on the Palembang, Sumatran oil refineries, and with the ship joined the British Pacific Fleet to attack the Sakishima Gunto islands. On 24 January 1945 Sub Lt RF Mackie RNZN of 1839 sqdn flying Hellcat JV141 "116/W" shot down a Japanese Ki44 aircraft at Palembang. In April 1945 the squadron absorbed 1840 squadron, and subsequently the 5th Naval Fighter Wing disbanded into the 11th Carrier Air Group in June 1945. In early August the squadron embarked on HMS Indomitable but saw no action before VJ-Day.[12] |- |1840 |Hellcat |Speaker |December 1944 |The squadron joined the 3rd Naval Fighter Wing at Eglington, and subsequently in December 1944 embarked on HMS Speaker for the Pacific, where it provided fighter coverage of the British Pacific Fleet train, but was absorbed into 1839 squadrons and disbanded in April 1945.[13] |- |1841 |Corsair |Formidable |December 1944 |Embarked on HMS Speaker for the Pacific, where it provided fighter coverage of the British Pacific Fleet train, but was absorbed into 1839 squadrons and disbanded in April 1945.[14] |- |1842 |Corsair |Formidable |September 1944 |In March 1945 the squadron re-equipped with Corsair IV. In April and May 1945 the squadron took part in operations against the Sakishimo Gunto islands, and in June the 6th Naval Fighter Wing merged into the 2nd Carrier Air Group. Shortly before VJ-Day the squadron was involved in attacks against the Japanese mainland near Tokyo, two aircraft being lost but the aircrew rescued by a US submarine.[15] |- |1844 |Hellcat |Indomitable | October 1944 | From October till December 1944 was spent ashore at China Bay, the squadron then re-embarked on HMS Indomitable for strikes on oil installations at Belawan Deli in Sumatra, and in January 1945 airfields and shore targets were attacked at Pangkalan Brandan as well as the oil refineries at Palembang. The ship then sailed for Australia and the squadron disembarked at Nowra where it was re-equipped with 18 Hellcat IIs. On re-embarking the squadron then took part in attacks on the Sakishima Gunto islands, and on Formosa. Further operations planned for August 1945 were cancelled due to VJ-Day.[16] |- |1846 |Corsair |Colossus |September 1944 | September 1944 the squadron joined the 6th Naval Fighter Wing, sailing with HMS Formidable for the Far East, detachments disembarking at North Front, Gibraltar, Dekheila and Colombo till January 1945, embarking again on HMS Formidable in the middle of the month and arriving at Puttalam in February 1945. In March 1945 the squadron re-equipped with Corsair IV. In April and May 1945 the squadron took part in operations against the Sakishimo Gunto islands, and in June the 6th Naval Fighter Wing merged into the 2nd Carrier Air Group.

Shortly before VJ-Day the squadron was involved in attacks against the Japanese mainland near Tokyo, two aircraft being lost but the aircrew rescued by a US submarine. The ship then withdrew to Australia. The squadron disembarked temporarily to Ponam just after VJ-Day, re-embarking for Nowra the following day and onwards to the UK in HMS Victorious.[17] |- |1850 |Corsair |Vengeance |July 1945 Onwards |At sea on VJ Day en route to Taiwan, as part of Task Group (TG) 111.2, 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron, diverted to Hong Kong arriving 29 August.[18] |- |1851 |Corsair |Venerable | March 1945 |Part of 15th Carrier Air Group, no action.[19] |- |} -->

Lihat juga

Rujukan

  1. ^ Hobbs, David. "The British Pacific Fleet in 1945: A Commonwealth Effort and a Remarkable Achievement" (PDF). navy.gov.au. Royal Australian Navy. Diakses tanggal 18 Juli 2018. 
  2. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 899 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  3. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1770 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  4. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1771 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  5. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1772 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  6. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1790 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  7. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1830 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  8. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1831 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 July 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  9. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1833 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  10. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1834 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  11. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1836 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  12. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1839 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  13. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1840 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2015. 
  14. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1840 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  15. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1842 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2015. 
  16. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1844 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2015. 
  17. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1842 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  18. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1850 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 June 2010. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 
  19. ^ "Fleet Air Arm 1851 squadron profile. Squadron Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2015. 

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