Al-Ashraf Khalil

Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn (Arab: الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوونcode: ar is deprecated ; s. 1260an – 14 Desember 1293) adalah sultan Mamluk kedelapan antara November 1290 sampai pembunuhannya pada Desember 1293. Ia dikenal karena menaklukan negara-negara Salibis terakhir di Palestina usai pengepungan Acre pada 1291.

Khalil
Al-Malik al-Ashraf
Sultan Mesir dan Suriah
Berkuasa	12 November 1290 – 14 Desember 1293
Pendahulu	Al-Mansur Qalawun
Penerus	An-Nasir Muhammad
Informasi pribadi
Kelahiran	s. 1260an Kairo, Kesultanan Mamluk
Kematian	14 Desember 1293 (usia awal 30an tahun atau lebih muda) Turuja, Buhayra
Wangsa	Qalawuni
Nama lengkap Al-Malik al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Khalil ibn Qalawun
Ayah	Al-Mansur Qalawun
Ibu	Qutqutiya
Permaisuri	Ardukin
Anak	Dua putri
Agama	Islam

Daftar pustaka

• Asili, B. (1992). Al-Zahir Baibars and the End of the Old Crusades. Beirut: Dar Alnafaes. 
• Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 151. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. ISBN 9781317871521. 
• Ludolphi, Rectoris Ecclesiæ Parochialis in suchem, de itinere Terræ Sanctæ,University of Michigan 1851
• Mahdi, Shafik (2008). Mamalik Misr wa Alsham (Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant) (dalam bahasa Arabic). Beirut: Aldar Alarabiya. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
• Mannheim, Ivan (2001). Syria & Lebanon Handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-900949-90-3. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2008. 
• Mazor, Amir (2015). The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment: The Mansuriyya in the First Mamluk Sultanate, 678/1279–741/1341. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Unipress and Bonn University Press. ISBN 9783847004240. 
• Northrup, Linda (1998). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 9783515068611. 
• Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades, Volume 3. Penguin Books. 
• Stewart, Angus Donal (2001). The Armenian Kingdom and the Mamluks: War and Diplomacy During the Reigns of Hetʻum II (1289-1307). Brill. ISBN 9789004122925. 
• Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan, ed. State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648-741 A.H./1250-1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 9783847100911. 

Sumber primer

• Abu al-Fida, The Concise History of Humanity.(The historian Abu al-Fida took part in the sieges of Tripoli and Acre.)
• Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
• Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
• Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab, Cairo 1996, ISBN 977-241-175-X
• Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895
• Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, Dar al-Kotob, Beirut 1992
• History of Egypt, 1382–1469 A.D. by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954
• Ludolph of Suchem, Description of the Holy Land and of the Way Thither, trans. Aubrey Stewart London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1895. Reprinted in James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press 1962
• The Templar of Tyre, Chronicle (Getes des Chiprois), Published by Crawford, P., Ashgate Publishing. Ltd, Cyprus 2003. ISBN 1-84014-618-4

Pranala luar

• Map of Kom Turuga
• A letter from Egyptian Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil to William of Beaujeu