|
</ref>
====Format ofkalimat the first sentencepertama====
{{Anchor|BoldJudul titletebal}}
{{See also|WP:Pedoman gaya/Format teks#Tebal}}
{{Shortcut|MOS:BOLDLEAD|MOS:BOLDTITLE}}
Jika sebuah [[Wikipedia:Pedoman penamaan|judul artikel]] adalah nama formal atau yang diterima secara luas untuk subyeknya, tampilkan dengan penebalan seawal mungkin pada kalimat pertama:
{{See also|WP:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Boldface|WP:Superfluous bolding explained}}
If an [[Wikipedia:Article titles|article's title]] is a formal or widely accepted name for the subject, display it in bold as early as possible in the first sentence:
{{block indent|The '''electronElektron''' is aadalah [[subatomicfisika particlepartikel|partikel]] withsubatom ayang negativebermuatan [[elementarynegatif charge|elementary]]dan [[electricumumnya ditulis charge]]sebagai '''e<sup>-</sup>'''. ([[ElectronElektron]])}}
Atau, taruh teks judulnya jika dapat ditampung tanpa memberikan kejanggalan:
Otherwise, include the title if it can be accommodated in a natural way:
{{block indent|TheNarasi '''UnitedPenciptaan Statesmenurut presidentialKitab line of successionKejadian''' isadalah thesuatu ordercatatan inmengenai which officials of the United Statespenciptaan{{nbsp}}... ([[United States presidentialPenciptaan linemenurut ofKitab successionKejadian]])}}
{{anchor|MOSBOLDSYN|Abbreviations and synonyms}}{{Shortcut|MOS:BOLDSYN}}
Only the first occurrence of the title and significant [[Wikipedia:Article titles#Treatment of alternative names|alternative titles]] (which should usually also [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] to the article)<ref>"Usually" here can account for cases like "'''Foo''', also known as '''Bar''', '''Baz''', or '''Quux'''", where the "Baz" item is actually not a redirect from "Baz", but maybe "Baz (chemistry)", and so it wouldn't fit an absolute redirect requirement, but would be visually confusing if de-boldfaced between the other two. "Usually" isn't blanket license to [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#When not to use boldface|boldface things for emphasis]].</ref> are placed in bold:
Hanya kali pertama munculnya judul dan judul-judul alternatifnya yang signifikan (yang biasanya juga perlu [[Wikipedia:Pengalihan|beralih]] ke artikel tersebut)<ref>"Biasanya" di sini maksudnya untuk kasus seperti "'''Foo''', juga dikenal dengan '''Bar''', '''Baz''', atau '''Quux'''"; "Baz" bukan pengalihan dari "Baz", tetapi dari "Baz (kimia)" yang jadinya tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan pengalihan absolut, tetapi akan cukup membingungkan jika tidak ditebalkan di antara dua kata yang lain. "Biasanya" bukanlah izin terselubung untuk menebalkan kata yang ingin ditekankan.</ref> yang diberi penebalan:
{{block indent|'''Mumbai''', also known as '''Bombay''', is the capital of the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. ([[Mumbai]])}}
{{block indent|'''Mumbai''', yang juga dikenal sebagai '''Bombay''', [[Daftar kota dan negara bagian India yang berganti nama#Maharashtra|nama resminya sampai 1995]], adalah [[ibu kota]]{{nbsp}}... ([[Mumbai]])}}
Common abbreviations (in parentheses) are considered significant [[#Alternative names|alternative names]] in this sense:
{{block indent|The '''International Music Score Library Project''' ('''IMSLP'''), also known as the '''Petrucci Music Library''' after publisher [[Ottaviano Petrucci]], is a ... ([[International Music Score Library Project]])}}
Singkatan umum (dalam tanda kurung) dianggap [[#Nama alternatif|nama alternatif]] penting seperti berikut ini:
If an article is about an event involving a subject about which there is no main article, especially if the article is the [[Wikipedia:Redirect#What needs to be done on pages that are targets of redirects?|target of a redirect]], the subject should be in bold:
{{block indent|'''Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa''' disingkat sebagai '''PBB''' adalah [[organisasi internasional]] yang didirikan pada{{nbsp}}... ([[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa)]]}}
{{block indent| '''Azaria Chantel Loren Chamberlain''' (11 June – 17 August 1980) was an Australian baby girl who was killed by a dingo on the night of 17 August 1980{{nbsp}}... ([[Death of Azaria Chamberlain]], redirected from Azaria Chamberlain)}}
Jika sebuah artikel adalah tentang peristiwa yang melibatkan sebuah subyek yang tidak memiliki artikel utamanya, terkhusus jika artikel tersebut adalah target pengalihan, subyeknya perlu ditulis tebal:
=====Avoid redundancy=====
{{block indent|'''Azaria Chantel Loren Chamberlain''' ({{lahirmati|[[Mount Isa]], [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]|11|6|1980||17|8|1980}}) adalah bayi perempuan berusia sembilan minggu asal Australia, yang terbunuh oleh [[dingo]] pada malam 17 Agustus 1980{{nbsp}}... ([[Kematian Azaria Chamberlain]])}}
{{redirect|WP:REDUNDANCY|redundant articles|WP:REDUNDANT}}
{{shortcut|MOS:REDUNDANCY}}
Keep [[Redundancy (linguistics)|redundancy]] to a minimum in the first sentence. Use the first sentence of the article to provide relevant information that is {{strong|not}} already given by the title of the article.<ref> Sometimes a little redundancy is unavoidable. The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' has to be called by its proper name in its article, and cannot be called anything other than a ''dictionary'' in the first sentence. Even in these cases, the first sentence {{strong|must}} provide information not given in the title. But try to rephrase whenever possible. Instead of:
{{block indent|1=The '''Oxford English Dictionary''' [...] is a dictionary of the English language.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oxford_English_Dictionary&oldid=196628190]}}
consider:
{{block indent|1=The '''Oxford English Dictionary''' [...] is the premier dictionary of the English language.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oxford_English_Dictionary&oldid=414242839]}}
Both contain some redundancy, but the second is better because it tells us that the OED is the world's ''most respected'' dictionary of English. Again, someone who knows what the word ''dictionary'' means will probably assume that any dictionary is ''comprehensive'', so they do not need to be told that.</ref>
The title of the article need not appear verbatim in the lead if the article title is descriptive.
For example:
{{block indent|[[File:Red x.svg|15px|link=]] '''Pakistani–Iraqi relations''' are the relations between [[Pakistan]] and [[Iraq]]. }}
{{block indent|[[File:Green check.svg|15px|link=]] [[Iraq]] and [[Pakistan]] established [[diplomatic relations]] in 1947. }}
In this case, the statement ''relations are relations'' does not help a reader who does not know the meaning of ''diplomatic relations''. In this case, the second version sensibly includes new information (that relations were established in 1947) in the first sentence, rather than repeating the title.
=====Avoid these other common mistakes=====
{{anchor|Avoid these common mistakes}}
{{shortcut|MOS:BOLDAVOID|MOS:BOLDLINKAVOID}}
Links should not be placed in the [[emphasis (typography)#Methods and use|boldface]] reiteration of the title in the opening sentence of a lead:<ref>Many, but not all, articles repeat the article title in bold face in the first line of the article. Linking the article to itself produces '''boldface text'''; this practice is discouraged as page moves will result in a useless circular link through a redirect. Linking {{em|part}} of the bolded text is also discouraged because it changes the visual effect of bolding; some readers will miss the visual cue which is the purpose of using bold face in the first place.</ref><ref>Disambiguation pages are navigational aides rather than articles and where there is a primary topic for a term, the introductory line for that term's disambiguation page does typically have that term both linked and bolded; see [[MOS:DABPRIMARY]]</ref>
{{block indent|[[File:Red x.svg|15px|link=]] The '''[[Babe Ruth]] Award''' is given annually to the [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB) player with the best performance in the [[Major League Baseball postseason|postseason]]. }}
{{block indent|[[File:Green check.svg|15px|link=]] The '''Babe Ruth Award''' is given annually to the [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB) player with the best performance in the [[Major League Baseball postseason|postseason]]. The award, created in honor of [[Babe Ruth]], was first awarded in 1949 to the MVP of the [[World Series]], one year after Ruth's death.}}
{{shortcut|MOS:AVOIDBOLD}}
If the article's title does not lend itself to being used easily and naturally in the opening sentence, the wording should not be distorted in an effort to include it. Instead, simply describe the subject in normal English, avoiding redundancy.
{{block indent|[[File:Red x.svg|15px|link=]] The '''2011 Mississippi River floods''' were a series of [[flood]]s affecting the [[Mississippi River]] in April and May 2011, which were among the largest and most damaging recorded along the [[U.S.]] waterway in the past century. ([[2011 Mississippi River floods]])}}
{{block indent|[[File:Green check.svg|15px|link=]] The [[Mississippi River]] floods in April and May 2011 were among the largest and most damaging recorded along the [[U.S.]] waterway in the past century. ([[2011 Mississippi River floods]])}}
{{anchor|MOSTITLEABSENTBOLD|MOSBEATLESINUS|BEATLES}}{{Shortcut|MOS:TITLEABSENTBOLD|MOS:BEATLES}}
In general, if the article's title (or a significant alternative title) is absent from the first sentence, do not apply the bold style to related text that {{em|does}} appear:
{{block indent|[[File:Red x.svg|15px|link=]] '''The Beatles'''' rise to prominence '''in the United States''' on February 7, 1964, was a significant development in the history of the [[The Beatles|band's]] commercial success. ([[Special:Permalink/874166859|The Beatles in the United States]])}}
{{block indent|[[File:Green check.svg|15px|link=]] [[The Beatles]]' rise to prominence in the United States in February 1964 was a significant development in the history of the band's commercial success. ([[Special:Permalink/874166859|The Beatles in the United States]])}}
{{block indent|[[File:Red x.svg|15px|link=]] A '''legislative election''' was held in [[Nepal]] on May 3 and May 17, 1999. ([[1999 Nepalese legislative election]])}}
{{block indent|[[File:Green check.svg|15px|link=]] A legislative election was held in [[Nepal]] on May 3 and May 17, 1999. ([[1999 Nepalese legislative election]])}}
Disambiguation pages use bolding for [[MOS:DABPRIMARY|the link to the primary topic]], if there is one.
=====Proper names and titles=====
If the title of the page is normally [[Wikipedia:ITALICS|italicized]] (for example, a work of art, literature, album, or ship) then its first mention should be both bold and italic text:
{{block indent|'''''Las Meninas''''' (Spanish for '''''The Maids of Honour''''') is a 1656 painting by [[Diego Velázquez]], ...
{{pb}}
'''''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly''''' ({{lang-it|link=no|Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo}}) is a 1966 Italian [[epic film|epic]] [[Spaghetti western]] film ...
}}
If the mention of the article's title is surrounded by quotation marks, the title should be bold but the quotation marks should not be:
{{block indent|"'''Yesterday'''" is a [[pop music|pop]] song originally recorded by [[the Beatles]] for their 1965 album ''[[Help!]]''}}
=====Foreign language=====
{{shortcut|MOS:LEADLANG}}
If the subject of the article is closely associated with a non-English language, a single foreign language equivalent name can be included in the lead sentence, usually in parentheses. For example, an article about a location in a non-English-speaking country will typically include the local language equivalent:
{{block indent|'''Chernivtsi Oblast''' ({{lang-uk|link=no|Чернівецька область}}, ''{{transl|uk|Chernivets’ka oblast’}}'') is an [[administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) in western [[Ukraine]], bordering on [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]].}}
Do not include foreign equivalents in the lead sentence just to show etymology.
Do not boldface foreign names not normally used in English. Some foreign terms should be italicized. These cases are described in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms|Manual of Style for text formatting]].
{{block indent|The '''Inuit''' (plural; pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|nj|u|ɪ|t}}; [[Inuktitut language|Inuktitut]]: {{lang|iu|{{linktext|ᐃᓄᐃᑦ}}}} 'the people') are a group of culturally similar [[indigenous peoples]] inhabiting the [[Arctic]] regions of [[Greenland]], [[Canada]] and [[Alaska]] ...}}
=====Pronunciation=====
{{shortcut|MOS:LEADPRON}}
{{details|topic=the formatting of pronunciation in the first sentence|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation}}
If the name of the article has a pronunciation that is not apparent from its spelling, include its [[Help:IPA|pronunciation]] in parentheses after the first occurrence of the name. Most such terms are foreign words or phrases (''[[Mate (drink)|mate]],'' ''[[coup d'état]]''), proper nouns ([[Ralph Fiennes]], [[Tuolumne River]], [[Tao Te Ching]]), or very unusual English words ([[synecdoche]], [[atlatl]]). Do not include pronunciations for names of foreign countries whose pronunciations are well known in English ([[France]], [[Poland]]). Do not include them for common English words, even if their pronunciations are counterintuitive for learners ([[laughter]], [[sword]]). If the name of the article is more than one word, include pronunciation only for the words that need it unless all are foreign (all of [[Jean van Heijenoort]] but only ''Cholmondeley'' in [[Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley]]). A fuller discussion of pronunciation can come later in the article.
=====Contextual links=====
{{shortcut|MOS:CONTEXTLINK}}
The opening sentence should provide links to the broader or more elementary topics that are important to the article's topic or place it into the [[context (language use)|context]] where it is [[Wikipedia:Notability|notable]].
For example, an article about a building or location should include a link to the broader geographical area of which it is a part.
{{block indent|'''Arugam Bay''' is a [[bay]] on the [[Indian Ocean]] in the dry zone of [[Sri Lanka]]'s southeast coast.}}
In an article about a technical or jargon term, the opening sentence or paragraph should normally contain a link to the [[field of study]] that the term comes from.
{{block indent|In [[heraldry]], '''tinctures''' are the colours used to [[blazon|emblazon]] a [[coat of arms]].}}
The [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies#Opening paragraph|first sentence of an article about a person]] should link to the page or pages about the topic where the person achieved prominence.
{{block indent|'''Harvey Lavan''' "'''Van'''" '''Cliburn Jr.''' (July 12, 1934 – February 27, 2013) was an American [[pianist]] who achieved worldwide recognition in 1958 at age 23, when he won the first quadrennial [[International Tchaikovsky Competition|International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition]] in Moscow, at the height of the [[Cold War]].}}
Exactly what provides the context needed to understand a given topic varies greatly from topic to topic.
{{block indent|The '''Gemara''' is the component of the [[Talmud]] comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the [[Mishnah]].}}
Do not, however, add contextual links that don't relate directly to the topic's definition or reason for notability. For example, [[Van Cliburn|Van Cliburn's]] opening sentence links to [[Cold War]] because his fame came partly from his Tchaikovsky Competition victory being used as a Cold War symbol. The first sentence of a page about someone who rose to fame in the 1950s for reasons unrelated to the Cold War should not mention the Cold War at all, even though the Cold War is part of the broader historical context of that person's life. By the same token, [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking#Linking month-and-day or year|do not link to years]] unless the year has some special salience to the topic.
Links appearing ahead of the bolded term distract from the topic if not necessary to establish context, and should be omitted even if they might be appropriate elsewhere in the text. For example, a person's title or office, such as colonel, naturally appears ahead of their name, but the word "Colonel" should not have a link, since it doesn't establish context. Do not, however, reword a sentence awkwardly just to keep a needed contextual link from getting ahead of the bolded term.
{{block indent|Colonel '''Charles Hotham''' (died 1738) was a special [[Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service|British envoy]] entrusted by [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] with the task of negotiating a double marriage between the [[House of Hanover|Hanover]] and [[Hohenzollern]] dynasties.}}
=====Biographies=====
{{details|topic=the formatting of the first sentence of biographical articles|WP:Manual of Style/Biography#Lead section}}
=====Organisms=====
{{hatnote|See also {{slink|WP:Manual of Style|Animals, plants, and other organisms}} for capitalization rules; and [[WP:Naming conventions (fauna)]] and [[WP:Naming conventions (flora)]] for article title guidelines.}}
When a common (vernacular) name is used as the article title, the boldfaced common name is followed by the italic un-boldfaced scientific name in round parentheses in the opening sentence of the lead. Alternative names should be mentioned and reliably sourced in the text where applicable, with bold type in the lead if they are in wide use, or elsewhere in the article (with or without the bold type, per editorial discretion) if they are less used. It is not necessary to include non-English common names, unless they are also commonly used in English, e.g. regionally; if included, they should be italicized as non-English.
{{block indent|'''Thomson's gazelle''' (''Eudorcas thomsonii'') is the most common gazelle of [[East Africa]]{{nbsp}}...
}}
When the article title is the scientific name, reverse the order of the scientific and common name(s) (if any of the latter are given), and boldface as well as italicize the scientific name. Avoid putting the most common name in parentheses (this will suppress its display in some views of Wikipedia, including [[Wikipedia:Pop-ups]] and [[Google Knowledge Graph]]).
{{block indent|'''''Vitis vinifera''''', the '''common grape vine''', is a species of ''[[Vitis]]'', native to the [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean region]], central Europe, and southwestern Asia{{nbsp}}...
{{pb}}
'''''Brassica oleracea''''' is the [[species]] of plant that includes many common foods as [[cultivar]]s, including [[cabbage]], [[broccoli]], [[cauliflower]], [[kale]], [[Brussels sprouts]], [[Savoy cabbage|savoy]], and [[Chinese kale]]{{nbsp}}...
}}
== Panjang ==
| 