Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox official post
#ALIH [[Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]]▼
|post = Ibu Kenegaraan Amerika Serikat
|image = Melania Trump official portrait.jpg
|imagecaption = '''Petahana'''<br>'''[[Melania Trump]]'''<br>sejak 20 Januari 2017
|style = Ny. Trump
|residence = [[Gedung Putih]]
|formation = {{start date and age|1789|04|30|p=1|br=1}}
|inaugural = [[Martha Washington]]
|abbreviation = FLOTUS
|website = {{URL|www.whitehouse.gov/administration/first-lady-melania-trump|WhiteHouse.gov}}
}}
'''Wanita Pertama Amerika Serikat''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: '''First Lady of the United States'''; disingkat '''FLOTUS''') adalah gelar yang dipegang oleh pramutamu wanita [[Gedung Putih]], biasanya istri dari [[presiden Amerika Serikat]], dan berlangung selama masa jabatan presiden tersebut. Meskipun peran ibu negara tidak pernah dikodifikasi atau didefinisikan secara resmi, ia menonjol dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial bangsa.<ref name=Britannica>{{cite web|last1=Caroli|first1=Betty Boyd|title=First Lady: United States title|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/first-lady-United-States-title|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=September 30, 2016|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515184644/https://www.britannica.com/topic/first-lady-United-States-title|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Melania Trump]] adalah ibu negara Amerika Serikat sekarang, dan merupakan istri dari presiden ke-45 Amerika Serikat, [[Donald Trump]].
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{See also|Bibliography of United States Presidential Spouses}}
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Jeanne E. Abrams. ''First Ladies of the Republic: Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, and the Creation of an Iconic American Role''. New York New York University Press, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1-4798-8653-1}}.
* {{cite book |last=Anthony |first=Carl Sferrazza |title=First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents Wives and Their Power 1789–1961 |url=https://archive.org/details/firstladiessaga200anth |url-access=registration |year=1992 |location=New York |publisher=Quill/William Morrow |isbn=978-0-688-11272-1}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0688112722 excerpt and text search]
* {{cite journal |last=Bailey |first=Tim |title=America's First Ladies on Twentieth-Century Issues: A Common Core Unit |journal=History Now |volume=35 |date=Spring 2013 |url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/womens-history/resources/america%E2%80%99s-first-ladies-twentieth-century-issues-common-core}} Curriculum unit based on primary sources.
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Berkin |editor-first=Carol |title=America's First Ladies |journal=History Now |volume=35 |date=Spring 2013 |url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-now/2013-03/america%E2%80%99s-first-ladies}} Popular essays by scholars.
* {{cite book |last=Böck |first=Magdalena |title=The Role of First Ladies: A Comparison Between the US and Europe |year=2009 |location=Munich |publisher=GRIN Verlag |edition=eBook |isbn=978-3-640-42153-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Brower |first=Kate Andersen |year=2016 |title=First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies |location=New York |publisher=Harper |isbn=978-0-06-243965-9}}
* Caroli, Betty Boyd. "The Role of First Lady" in Graff, Henry F., ed. ''The presidents: A Reference History'' (3rd ed. 2002) [https://www.presidentprofiles.com//General-Information/The-Role-of-First-Lady-Martha-Washington-to-Laura-Bush.html online]
* {{cite book |last = Deppisch |first = Ludwig M. |title = The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama |publisher = McFarland |year= 2015}}
* Hummer, Jill Abraham. ''First Ladies and American Women: In Politics and at Home'' (UP of Kansas, 2017); 269 pages;
* {{cite journal |last1=Lugo-Lugo |first1=Carmen R. |first2=Mary K. |last2=Bloodsworth-Lugo |name-list-style=amp |title=Bare Biceps and American (In) Security: Post-9/11 Constructions of Safe(ty), Threat, and the First Black First Lady |journal=Women's Studies Quarterly |year=2011 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=200–217 |doi=10.1353/wsq.2011.0030}} On media images of Michelle Obama.
* {{cite book |last=Pastan |first=Amy |title=First Ladies |year=2008 |location=London |publisher=DK |isbn=978-0-7894-7398-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/everest0000step }} Heavily illustrated.
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=John B. |title=Rating The First Ladies: The Women Who Influenced the Presidency |edition=2nd |year=2004 |location=New York |publisher=Citadel Press |isbn=978-0-8065-2608-9}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0806526084 excerpt and text search]
* Schwartz, Marie Jenkins. ''Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves'' (U of Chicago Press, 2017), 420 pp.
* {{cite book |last=Troy |first=Gil |title=Affairs of State The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II |url=https://archive.org/details/affairsofstate00gilt |url-access=registration |year=1997}} By a leading political historian.
* {{cite book |last=Truman |first=Margaret |title=First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives |year=1996 |location=New York |publisher=Facett Columbine |isbn=978-0-449-22323-9}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/044922323X excerpt and text search]
* {{cite journal |last=Watson |first=Robert P. |title=Toward the Study of the First Lady: The State of Scholarship |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |year=2003 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=423–441 |doi=10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00038.x}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
*[https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/058_flal.html Alphabetical List of First Ladies of the United States] – [[Library of Congress]] website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051006220912/https://www.whitehouse.gov/firstlady/ Office of the First Lady] – [[WhiteHouse.gov]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051006081612/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/ First Lady's Gallery] – [[WhiteHouse.gov]]
*[http://www.firstladies.org/ The National First Ladies' Library]
*[http://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/small_exhibition.cfm?key=1267&exkey=863&pagekey=864&CFID=9611372&CFTOKEN=75585282 The First Ladies at the Smithsonian] – an online exhibition from the [[National Museum of American History]], [[Smithsonian Institution]]
{{US First Ladies}}
{{First Ladies and Gentlemen}}
{{politik-stub}}
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