Isa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Beberapa pihak menyatakan bahwa Paulus telah menyimpangkan ajaran asli Isa atau klaim bahwa Kristen sebagian besar adalah ciptaannya. Dakwaan pertama termasuk pendapat dari komentator sekuler<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wizanda.com/modules/article/view.article.php/article=52|title=Articles - People Who Have Understood Paul is Anti-Christ's Teachings - Oneness - True Faith|website=www.wizanda.com|accessdate=May 30, 2020}}</ref> seperti filsuf [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] dan [[Bertrand Russell]]. Kritik Nietzsche didasarkan pada keberatan moralnya terhadap pemikiran Paulus. Kaum [[Anarkisme Kristen|Anarkis Kristen]], seperti [[Leo Tolstoy]] dan Ammon Hennacy, percaya bahwa Paulus menyimpangkan ajaran Yesus. Tolstoy mengklaim bahwa Paulus berperan dalam "penyimpangan" gereja dari pengajaran dan praktik Isa,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tolstoy |first=Leo |title=Church and State |year=1882 |quote=This deviation begins from the times of the Apostles and especially from that hankerer after mastership Paul |author-link=Leo Tolstoy}}</ref> sementara Hennacy percaya "Paulus merusak pesan Kristus."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hennacy |first=Ammon |title=The Book of Ammon |publisher=Hennacy |year=1970 |page=475 |quote=Paul and the Churches |author-link=}}</ref> [[Thomas Jefferson]], Presiden Amerika Serikat ketiga dan seorang penganut [[Deisme]], menuliskan bahwa Paulus adalah orang pertama yang merusak doktrin Isa.<ref>''The Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Being his Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private. Published by the Order of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library, from the Original Manuscripts, Deposited in the Department of State, With Explanatory Notes, Tables of Contents, and a Copious Index to Each Volume, as well as a General Index to the Whole'', by the Editor H. A. Washington. Vol. VII. Published by Taylor Maury, Washington, D.C., 1854.</ref>
Sudah dipercaya sejak lama dalam tradisi Muslim bahwa Paulus dengan sengaja merusak ajaran asli Isa,{{sfn|Hindson|Caner|2008|p=280}}{{sfn|De Young|2004|p=60}}{{sfn|Riddell|2001|p=235}} memasukkan elemen paganisme,{{sfn|Waardenburg|1999|p=276}} sehingga Kristen menjadi agama penebusan dosa{{sfn|Waardenburg|1999|p=255}} dengan memperkenalkan ajaran [[dosa asal]] dan kebutuhan manusia akan perlunya penebusan.{{sfn|De Young|2004|p=64}} [[Saif bin Umar]] menyatakan bahwa para rabi tertentu membujuk Paulus untuk secara sengaja membujuk umat Kristen awal.{{sfn|Adang|1996|pp=105–06}}{{sfn|Anthony|2011|p=68}} [[Ibnu Hazm|Ibnu Hazm Al-Andalusi]] (wafat 1064) mengulang pernyataan Saif.{{sfn|Brann|2010|pp=65–66}} [[Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas|Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas]] menuliskan bahwa Paulus menyalahartikan pesan Isa{{sfn|Riddell|2001|p=235}} dan [[Rasyid Ridha]] (wafat 1935) mendakwa Paulus memperkenalkan ajaran syirik ke dalam Kekristenan.{{sfn|Waardenburg|1999|p=276}}
Umat Kristen sendiri tidak sepakat sejauh mana perselisihan antara Paulus dan jamaah Yerusalem. Kristen arus utama seperti Katolik Roma, Ortodoks Timur, Ortodoks Oriental, dan Protestan konservatif berpendapat bahwa tulisan-tulisan Paulus adalah penafsiran yang sah dari Injil. Gagasan bahwa Paulus yang menciptakan Kekristenan diperdebatkan oleh banyak penulis Kristen.<ref>David Wenham, "Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity?"</ref><ref>L. Michael White, "From Jesus to Christianity"</ref><ref>F. F. Bruce, "Paul & Jesus"</ref><ref>Machen, J. Gresham. "The Origin of Paul's Religion"</ref> Menurut Christopher Rowland, Kristen Paulus adalah pengembangan pemikiran tentang Isa dalam konteks dakwah pada kalangan non-Yahudi. Rowland berpendapat bahwa pengaruh Paulus dalam Kristen terlalu dilebih-lebihkan,{{sfn|Rowland|1985|p=194}} menyimpulkan bahwa Paulus tidak mengubah secara material ajaran-ajaran Isa.
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 283 ⟶ 285:
=== Daftar pustaka ===
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Baris 302 ⟶ 307:
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