Sejarah Gereja Katolik: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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==== Republik Ketiga 1870–1940 ====
Pada zaman Republik Ketiga, timbul sengketa seputar status Gereja Katolik. Para padrirohaniwan dan uskup-uskup Prancis dipandang sebagai sekutu golongan monarkis, danmengingat ada banyak rohaniwan yang berasal dari keluarga-keluargakalangan bangsawanningrat. Golongan republikan adalah golongan berbasis kalangan menengah Prancis yang antirohaniwan,. yangDi menganggapmata mereka, persekutuan Gereja dengan golongan monarkis sebagaiadalah ancaman politik terhadap ideologi republikanisme sekaligus sebagai dan bahaya yang mengintai semangat kemajuan modern. Golongan republikan merasa tidak senang terhadap Gereja karena afiliasi politik dan afiliasi kelas sosialnya. Bagi mereka, Gereja mewakili tradisi-tradisi, takhayul-takhayul, dan ideologi monarkisme yang sudah ketinggalan zaman. Golongan republikan didukung oleh umat Protestan dan umat Yahudi. Berbagai aturan hukum diundangkan demi melemahkan Gereja Katolik.<!-- In 1879, priests were excluded from the administrative committees of hospitals and of boards of charity; in 1880, new measures were directed against the religious congregations; from 1880 to 1890 came the substitution of lay women for nuns in many hospitals. Napoleon's 1801 Concordat continued in operation but in 1881, the government cut off salaries to priests it disliked.<ref>Philippe Rigoulot, "Protestants and the French nation under the Third Republic: Between recognition and assimilation," ''National Identities,'' March 2009, Vol. 11 Issue 1, pp 45–57</ref>
 
The 1882 school laws of Republican [[Jules Ferry]] set up a national system of public schools that taught strict puritanical morality but no religion.<ref>Barnett B. Singer, "Minoritarian Religion and the Creation of a Secular School System in France," ''Third Republic'' (1976) No. 2 pp 228–259</ref> For a while privately funded Catholic schools were tolerated. Civil marriage became compulsory, divorce was introduced and chaplains were removed from the army.<ref>Patrick J. Harrigan, "Church, State, and Education in France From the Falloux to the Ferry Laws: A Reassessment," ''Canadian Journal of History,'' April 2001, 36#1 pp 51–83</ref>