Harold Macmillan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Earl of Stockton
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OM|PC|FRS}}
| image = Harold Macmillan.jpg
| alt = Harold Macmillan in 1959
| order = [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]]
| term_start = 10 January 1957
| term_end = 18 October 1963
| monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]
| deputy = [[Rab Butler]] {{nowrap|(1962–63)}}
| predecessor = [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]]
| successor = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
| order1 = [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]]
| term_start1 = 10 January 1957
| term_end1 = 18 October 1963
| predecessor1 = [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]]
| successor1 = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
| module = {{collapsed infobox section begin |Ministerial offices
|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}{{Infobox officeholder
|embed = yes
|order2 = [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]
|term_start2 = 20 December 1955
|term_end2 = 13 January 1957
|primeminister2 = [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]]
|predecessor2 = [[Rab Butler]]
|successor2 = [[Peter Thorneycroft]]
|order3 = [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]
|term_start3 = 7 April 1955
|term_end3 = 20 December 1955
|primeminister3 = [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]]
|predecessor3 = Sir Anthony Eden
|successor3 = [[Selwyn Lloyd]]
|order4 = [[Secretary of State for Defence|Minister of Defence]]
|term_start4 = 19 October 1954
|term_end4 = 7 April 1955
|primeminister4 = [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor4 = [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Earl Alexander of Tunis]]
|successor4 = [[Selwyn Lloyd]]
|order5 = [[Minister of Housing and Local Government]]
|term_start5 = 30 October 1951
|term_end5 = 19 October 1954
|primeminister5 = [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor5 = [[Hugh Dalton]]
|successor5 = [[Duncan Sandys]]
|order6 = [[Secretary of State for Air]]
|term_start6 = 25 May 1945
|term_end6 = 26 July 1945
|primeminister6 = [[Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor6 = [[Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso|Sir Archibald Sinclair]]
|successor6 = [[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|The Viscount Stansgate]]
|order7 = [[Resident (title)|Minister Resident]] in Northwest Africa
|term_start7 = 30 December 1942
|term_end7 = 25 May 1945
|primeminister7 = [[Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor7 = New post
|successor7 = [[Harold Balfour, 1st Baron Balfour of Inchrye|Harold Balfour]]
|order8 = [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]]
|term_start8 = 4 February 1942
|term_end8 = 30 December 1942
|primeminister8 = [[Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor8 = [[George Hall, 1st Viscount Hall|George Hall]]
|successor8 = [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]
|order9=[[Parliamentary Secretary]] to the [[Minister of Supply|{{nowrap|Ministry of Supply}}]]
|term_start9 = 15 May 1940
|term_end9 = 4 February 1942
|primeminister9 = [[Winston Churchill]]
|predecessor9 = [[John Llewellin, 1st Baron Llewellin|John Llewellin]]
|successor9 = [[Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal|The Viscount Portal]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| module2 = {{collapsed infobox section begin |Parliamentary offices
|cont = yes
|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}{{Infobox officeholder
|embed = yes
|order10=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Bromley (UK Parliament constituency)|Bromley]]
|term_start10 = 14 November 1945
|term_end10 = 25 September 1964
|predecessor10 = [[Sir Edward Campbell, 1st Baronet|Sir Edward Campbell]]
|successor10 = [[John Hunt (British politician)|John Hunt]]
|constituency_MP11 = [[Stockton-on-Tees (UK Parliament constituency)|Stockton-on-Tees]]
|term_start11 = 28 October 1931
|term_end11 = 15 June 1945
|predecessor11 = [[Frederick Fox Riley]]
|successor11 =[[George Chetwynd]]
|term_start12 = 30 October 1924
|term_end12 = 10 May 1929
|predecessor12 = [[Robert Strother Stewart]]
|successor12 = Frederick Fox Riley
|office13 = [[Members of the House of Lords|Member of the House of Lords]]
|status13 = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
|term_start13 = 24 February 1984
|term_end13 = 29 December 1986
|term_label13 = [[Hereditary peer]]age
|predecessor13 = Peerage created
|successor13 = [[Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton|The 2nd Earl of Stockton]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
|birth_name = Maurice Harold Macmillan
|birth_date = {{birth date|1894|2|10|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Belgravia|Belgravia, London]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|1986|12|29|1894|2|10|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Chelwood Gate|Chelwood Gate, East Sussex]], England
|resting_place = [[St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes]]
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|alma_mater = [[Balliol College, Oxford]]
|occupation = {{hlist|[[Macmillan Publishers|Publisher]]|politician}}
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Lady Dorothy Macmillan|Lady Dorothy Cavendish]]|21 April 1920|21 May 1966|reason=died}}
|children = 4, including [[Maurice Macmillan|Maurice]] and [[Lady Caroline Faber|Caroline]]
|signature =
|awards = {{ubl
|[[Order of Merit]] (1976)
|[[Peerage]] (1984)}}
|allegiance = {{flagu|United Kingdom}}
|branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}
|unit = [[Grenadier Guards]]
|serviceyears = 1914–1920
|rank = [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]]
|battles = {{tree list}}
* [[History of the United Kingdom during the First World War|First World War]]
**[[Battle of Loos]]
**[[Battle of the Somme]]
|mawards = {{ubl
|[[Victory Medal (United Kingdom)|Victory Medal]]
|[[British War Medal]]}}
}}
}}
'''Harold Mac Millan''' atau '''Maurice Harrold Mac Millan''' (10 Februari 1894 - 28 Desember 1986) adalah seorang [[negarawan]] dan [[politisi]] Inggris.<ref name="ensiklopedi"> {{cite book|title=Ensiklopedia Indonesia, Jilid 7 (edisi khusus)|author=Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve; Hassan Shadily|publisher=Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve}}</ref><ref name="br"/> Ia menjadi anggota Majelis Rendah dari [[Partai Konservatif]].<ref name="ensiklopedi"/> Sejak tahun 1942 ia menjabat sebagai menteri.<ref name="ensiklopedi"/> Pada akhir perang di Eropa, ia menjadi sekretaris negara di bawah pemerintahan [[Winston Churchill]].<ref name="br"> {{cite web|title=Harold Macmillan|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/355161/Harold-Macmillan|accessdate= 25 Juni 2014}}</ref> Lalu, pada 10 Januari 1957 ia menggantikan [[Anthony Eden]] sebagai [[perdana menteri]] (1957-1963) dan beberapa minggu kemudian ia juga terpilih menjadi ketua Partai Konservatif.<ref name="ensiklopedi"/> Mac Millan merupakan orang yang bertanggung jawab untuk membangun kembali kebijakan luar negeri Inggris dan memperbaiki hubungan dengan Anglo Amerika melalui Presiden [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] dan [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name="gov"/> Melalui pidatonya pada tahun 1960, ia menjauhkan dirinya dan negaranya dari [[apartheid]] serta mempercepat proses [[dekolonisasi]].<ref name="gov"/> Mac Millan mengakui bahwa masa depan Inggris dipengaruhi oleh Eropa.<ref name="gov"/> Akan tetapi, rencananya untuk masuk ke Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa pada Januari 1963 ditolak oleh Presiden Prancis [[Charles de Gaulle]].<ref name="gov"> {{cite web|title=Past Prime Ministers|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/harold-macmillan|accessdate= 25 Juni 2014}}</ref>
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