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=== Pupuk berdasarkan kandungannya ===
Terdapat dua kelompok pupuk berdasarkan kandungan: pupuk tunggal dan pupuk majemuk. Pupuk tunggal mengandung hanya satu unsur, sedangkan pupuk majemuk paling tidak mengandung dua unsur yang diperlukan. Terdapat pula pengelompokan yang disebut pupuk mikro, karena mengandung [[hara mikro]] (''micronutrients''). Beberapa merk pupuk majemuk modern sekarang juga diberi campuran zat pengatur tumbuh atau zat lainnya untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyerapan hara yang diberikan.
== PUPUKPupuk ORGANIKorganik ==
{{Main|Pupuk organik}}
[[Berkas:HomeComposting Roubaix Fr59.JPG|jmpl|Kotak pengomposan di halaman rumah]]
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=== Manfaat pupuk organik ===
Pupuk organik diketahui mampu meningkatkan [[keanekaragaman hayati pertanian]] dan produktivitas tanah secara jangka panjang.<ref name="Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization">{{cite journal|last=Enwall|first=Karin|coauthors=Laurent Philippot,2 and Sara Hallin1|date=December 2005|title=Activity and Composition of the Denitrifying Bacterial Community Respond Differently to Long-Term Fertilization|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|publisher=American Society for Microbiology|volume=71|issue=2|pages=8335–8343|url=http://aem.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/12/8335|accessdate=Feb 1, 2010|pmid=16332820|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.12.8335-8343.2005|pmc=1317341}}</ref><ref name="Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity ">{{cite journal|last=Birkhofera|first=Klaus|coauthors= T. Martijn Bezemerb, c, d, Jaap Bloeme, Michael Bonkowskia, Søren Christensenf, David Duboisg, Fleming Ekelundf, Andreas Fließbachh, Lucie Gunstg, Katarina Hedlundi, Paul Mäderh, Juha Mikolaj, Christophe Robink, Heikki Setäläj, Fabienne Tatin-Frouxk, Wim H. Van der Puttenb, c and Stefan Scheua|date=September 2008|title=Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity |journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry |publisher=Soil Biology and Biochemistry |volume=40|issue=9|pages=2297–2308 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC7-4SR67X8-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1189586172&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=835b56d01da86058b98352b95f68d2d8|accessdate=Feb 1, 2010|doi=10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007}}</ref> Pupuk organik juga dapat menjadi sarana [[sekrasisekuestrasi karbon]] ke tanah.<ref name=" Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security">{{cite journal|last=Lal|first=R.|title= Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;304/5677/1623|publisher=[[Science (journal)]]|pmid=15192216|doi=10.1126/science.1097396|year=2004|volume=304|issue=5677|pages=1623–7|journal=Science|bibcode = 2004Sci...304.1623L }}</ref><ref name="Organic farming switch quadruples soil CO2 storage capacity">{{cite web|url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/280491/change_farming_to_cut_co2_emissions_by_25_per_cent.html|title=Change farming to cut CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 25 per cent|last=Rees |first=Eifion|date= July 3, 2009|publisher=The Ecologist|accessdate=February 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1755-1315/6/24/.../ees9_6_242025.pdf|title=ClimateChange: GlobalRisks,ChallengesandDecisions|last=Fliessbach|first=A.|coauthors=P Maeder(2), A Diop(3), LWM Luttikholt(1), N Scialabba(4), U Niggli(2), Paul Hepperly(3), T LaSalle(3) |year=2009|work=P24.17 Mitigation and adaptation strategies&nbsp;– organic agriculture|publisher=IOP Publishing |accessdate=February 2, 2010|location=IOPConf. Series: EarthandEnvironmentalScience6(2009)242025}}</ref>
 
Nutrisi organik meningkatkan keanekaragaman hayati tanah dengan menyediakan bahan organik dan [[nutrisi mikro]] bagi organisme penghuni tanah seperti jamur [[mikoriza]] yang membantu tanaman menyerap nutrisi,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055%5B0573:EEAECO%5D2.0.CO;2|title= Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems |last=PIMENTEL|first=David|coauthors= PAUL HEPPERLY, JAMES HANSON, DAVID DOUDS, and RITA SEIDEL|date=July 2005|publisher=BioScience|pages=ol. 55, No. 7, Pages 573–582 |accessdate=February 2, 2010}}</ref> dan dapat mengurangi input pupuk.<ref name="Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming">{{cite journal|last= Mäder|first=Paul|coauthors= Andreas Fliebach,,1 David Dubois,2 Lucie Gunst,2 Padruot Fried,2 Urs Niggli1|date=May 31, 2002|title=Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming|journal=Science|publisher=Science|volume= 296 |issue= 5573 |pages=1694–1697|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/296/5573/1694|accessdate=February 1, 2010|pmid= 12040197|doi= 10.1126/science.1071148|bibcode = 2002Sci...296.1694M }}</ref>