|
Tidak ada sistem resmi promosi dan degradasi. Namun, mulai tahun 2013, juara K Liga Challenge memenuhi syarat untuk promosi ke K League Classic, asalkan mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Pada musim 2012, dua tim dari K Liga Klasik diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan pada tahun 2013, dua tim akan diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan 11 ditempatkan tim dari K League Classic.
== RingkasanSejarah mengenai ligaK-League ==
The K-League season typically begins around March/April and runs to late November each year. The number of games, clubs and the systems used have varied through the years, but for 2009 the league will operate with a full stage regular season followed by a top six championship playoff system.
The sixteen member clubs play each other twice in the regular season giving a total of 30 matches. The top six sides at the end of the regular season will enter the championship playoffs, which decide final standings of the season among the six. In the first two matches, the third-placed team will face the sixth-placed team and the fourth-placed team will face the fifth-placed team, with the two winners then playing off for the right to face the second-placed team. The winner of that match will then progress to the two-legged championship playoff final where the first-placed side lie in wait, with the overall winner of the home and away series being crowned champions for 2009.
The K-League champions, runner-up and third place gain entry to the [[AFC Champions League]] the following season, with the exception of [[Sangju Sangmu FC|Sangmu]], due to their unique status as an army team, and therefore non-professional.
A number of the member clubs are owned by major Korean [[Chaebol|''Chaebols'']], and the club names reflect that fact. Clubs have adopted local city names in an effort to integrate themselves more with the local communities; for example, ''Daewoo'' evolved over the years into ''Daewoo Royals'', ''Busan Daewoo Royals'', ''Busan I'cons'' and latterly ''[[Busan I'Park]]''.
Following the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], leaders of the K-League had hoped to transfer South Korea’s passion for its National Team to the domestic league. However, the K-League continued to flounder.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/2006/wcup/asiaswoes.html|work=Time|title=The World Cup 2006 in TIME Europe Magazine|The Crying Game|date=October 7, 2006|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070815090756/http://www.time.com/time/europe/2006/wcup/asiaswoes.html|archivedate=August 15, 2007}}</ref> Although a number of K-League clubs have relocated in the past, the ''Lucky Goldstar'' ([[Lucky Group|LG]]) corporation caused a huge controversy{{Nonspecific|date=November 2007}} at the end of 2003 when they made the decision to uproot their ''[[Anyang LG Cheetahs]]'' from the [[Seoul]] satellite city of [[Anyang, Gyeonggi|Anyang]] and move into the empty [[Seoul World Cup Stadium|Seoul World Cup stadium]], becoming ''[[FC Seoul]]''. Then following the 2005 season SK announced it was moving the ''[[Bucheon SK]]'' FC to the island of [[Jeju-do|Jeju]], where they became [[Jeju United FC|''Jeju United'']].
In the 2009 season, [[Gangwon FC]] (Head Coach: Choi Sun-Ho, former Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Chosun head coach) joined the K-League as its 15th member club. As such, the K-League had one or more club in '''every [[Provinces of Korea|Korean Province]]''' ([[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi]], [[Gyeongsang Province|Gyeongsang]], [[Jeolla Province|Jeolla]], [[Chungcheong Province|Chungcheong]], [[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Gangwon]], and [[Jeju Province|Jeju]]). This is the first time in domestic Korean professional sports history that there has been at least two clubs in each Korean province.
On April 5, 2010, [[Gwangju]] City has announced a plan to establish [[Gwangju FC|a football club]] by end of 2010 & to join the league from the 2011 season. On October 12, 2010, the club was approved to join the league as 16th member club.
On October 5, 2011, the league announced a plan to introduce a relegation system from 2012 season. A number of teams of the league will decreased to 12 teams from 2013 season. 4 teams will be relegated to next level league based on the standing of 2012 season. And, the league introduced a split system like [[Scottish Premier League]] from the 2012 season.
The league introduced the relegation system from the 2012 season. According to new relegation rule, 2 teams each will be relegated to lower level league based on the standing of 2012 and 2013 season, respectively (total: 4 teams). The league also changed the amount of entrance fee from 1 billion to 500 million [[South Korean won|Korean won]].
== Musim 2012 ==
=== Klub Peserta (2012) ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''As of 2012 Season, K-League Clubs by [[Provinces of Korea|Province]]'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Provinsi]] (Populasi)
! [[List of cities in South Korea|kota]] / Area (Populasi)
! Clubs
|-
| rowspan="4"|[[Seoul National Capital Area|ibu kota]] [[List of regions of Korea|asal]] (25,003,017)
| [[Seoul]] (10,250,134)
| [[FC Seoul]]
|-
| [[Incheon]] (2,804,287)
| [[Incheon United FC|Incheon United]]
|-
| [[Suwon]] (1,091,934)
| [[Suwon Samsung Bluewings]]
|-
| [[Seongnam]] (979,556)
| [[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma]]
|-
| rowspan="6"|[[Gyeongsang]] [[List of regions of Korea|Region]] (13,200,998)
| [[Busan]] (3,549,501)
| [[Busan IPark]]
|-
| [[Daegu]] (2,508,370)
| [[Daegu FC]]
|-
| [[Ulsan]] (1,136,464)
| [[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]
|-
| [[Gyeongnam]] (3,309,559)
| [[Gyeongnam FC]]
|-
| [[Pohang]] (517,307)
| [[Pohang Steelers]]
|-
| [[Sangju]] (104,636)
| [[Sangju Sangmu Phoenix]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Jeolla]] [[List of regions of Korea|Region]] (5,251,529)
| [[Gwangju]] (1,465,313)
| [[Gwangju FC]]
|-
| [[Jeollanam-do|Jeonnam]] (1,912,725)
| [[Chunnam Dragons]]
|-
| [[Jeonbuk]](1,873,491)
| [[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]
|-
| [[Chungcheong]] [[List of regions of Korea|Region]] (5,183,451)
| [[Daejeon]] (1,517,299)
| [[Daejeon Citizen]]
|-
| [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon]] [[List of regions of Korea|Region]] (1,535,335)
| [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon]] (1,535,335)
| [[Gangwon FC]]
|-
| [[Jeju-do|Jeju]] [[List of regions of Korea|Region]] (576,507)
| [[Jeju-do|Jeju]] (576,507)
| [[Jeju United FC|Jeju United]]
|-
|}
:<sup>*</sup> Population - 2012 census
{{col-2}}
{{Location map+ |South Korea |width=300 |float=right|caption=Location of teams in '''2012 K-League''' |places=
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.244494 |long=129.070129 |label=<small>[[Busan IPark|Busan]]</small> |position=right }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Gold pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=34.984494 |long=127.687566 |label=<small>[[Chunnam Dragons|Chunnam]]</small> |position=right}}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Cyan pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.829818 |long=128.690243 |label=<small>[[Daegu FC|Daegu]]</small> |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Purple pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=36.323061 |long=127.42806 |label=<small>[[Daejeon Citizen|Daejeon]]</small> |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Orange pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=37.755192 |long=128.821764 |label=<small>[[Gangwon FC|Gangwon]]</small> |position=right }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Gold pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.133668 |long=126.874881 |label=<small>[[Gwangju FC|Gwangju]]</small> |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.233947 |long=128.664751 |label=<small>[[Gyeongnam FC|Gyeongnam]]</small> |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=37.434999 |long=126.690731 |label=<small>[[Incheon United|Incheon]]</small> |position=left}}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Orange pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=33.285758 |long=126.549156 |label=<small>[[Jeju United|Jeju]]</small> |position=left}}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Green pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.867943 |long=127.064481 |label=<small>[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors|Jeonbuk]]</small> |position=left}}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.997695 |long=129.38427 |label=<small>[[Pohang Steelers|Pohang]]</small> |position=right }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=36.4323667 |long=128.1616545 |label=<small>[[Sangju Sangmu Phoenix|Sangju]]</small> |position=right}}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Gold pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=37.410127 |long=127.121344 |label=<small>[[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma|Seongnam]]</small> |position=right }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=37.56829 |long=126.897197 |label=<small>[[FC Seoul|Seoul]]</small> |position=right }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Blue pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=37.286278 |long=127.036889 |label=<small>[[Suwon Samsung Bluewings|Suwon]]</small> |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |South Korea |mark=Cyan pog.svg |marksize=6 |lat=35.55 |long=129.316667 |label=<small>[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan]]</small> |position=right }}
}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}
'''The following 16 clubs will compete in the K-League during the 2012 season.'''
* K-League's principle of official statistics is that final club succeeds to predecessor club's history & records.
* [http://www.kleague.com/clubzone/clubzone_intro_eng.aspx?ccode=K09 K-League Official Club Profiles Page]
<center>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
! Club
! [[List of cities in South Korea|City]] / Area
! Manager
! Joined
! Owner(s) / Sponsor(s)
|-
| {{0}} [[Busan IPark]]
| {{0}} [[Busan]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Ahn Ik-Soo]]
| <CENTER>[[1983 K-League|1983]] -
| Owner: [[IPark Sports]] in [[Hyundai Development Company]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Chunnam Dragons}}
| {{0}} [[Jeollanam-do|Jeonnam]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jung Hae-Seong]]
| <CENTER>[[1995 K-League|1995]] -
| Owner: [[Gwangyang Steelworks]] in [[POSCO]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Daegu FC}}
| {{0}} [[Daegu]]
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Moacir Pereira]]
| <CENTER>[[2003 K-League|2003]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Daegu]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[Doosan|Doosan Group]], [[Daegu Bank]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Daejeon Citizen}}
| {{0}} [[Daejeon]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Wang Sun-Jae]]
| <CENTER>[[1997 K-League|1997]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Daejeon]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[Kyeryong Construction Co.,Ltd]], [[Hanwha|Hanwha Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Gangwon FC}}
| {{0}} [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Choi Soon-Ho]]
| <CENTER>[[2009 K-League|2009]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Gangwon-do (South Korea)|Gangwon-do]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[High1 Resort]], [[Nonghyup]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Gwangju FC}}
| {{0}} [[Gwangju]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Choi Man-Hee]]
| <CENTER>[[2011 K-League|2011]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Gwangju]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[Gwangju Bank]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Gyeongnam FC}}
| {{0}} [[Gyeongsangnam-do|Gyeongnam]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Choi Jin-Han]]
| <CENTER>[[2006 K-League|2006]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Gyeongsangnam-do]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[STX Corporation]], [[Gyeongnam Bank]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Incheon United}}
| {{0}} [[Incheon]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Huh Jung-Moo]]
| <CENTER>[[2004 K-League|2004]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Incheon]], Citizen Stockholder <br /> Sponsors: [[Daewoo E&C]], [[Shinhan Bank]], [[GM Korea]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Jeju United FC|Jeju United}}
| {{0}} [[Jeju-do|Jeju]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Kyung-Hoon]]
| <CENTER>[[1983 K-League|1983]] -
| Owner: [[SK Energy]] in [[SK Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors}}
| {{0}} [[Jeollabuk-do|Jeonbuk]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee Heung-Sil]] <small>([[Caretaker manager|C]])</small>
| <CENTER>[[1994 K-League|1995]] -
| Owner: [[Hyundai Motor Company]] in [[Hyundai Motor Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Pohang Steelers}}
| {{0}} [[Pohang]], [[Gyeongbuk]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Hwang Sun-Hong]]
| <CENTER>[[1983 K-League|1983]] -
| Owner: [[Pohang Steelworks]] in [[POSCO]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Sangju Sangmu Phoenix}}
| {{0}} [[Sangju]], [[Gyeongbuk]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Park Hang-Seo]]
| <CENTER>[[1985 K-League|1985]] <br /> <CENTER> [[2003 K-League|2003]] -
| Owners: Government of [[Sangju]], [[Ministry of National Defence (South Korea)|Ministry of National Defence]] <br /> Sponsors:
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma}}
| {{0}} [[Seongnam]], [[Gyeonggi]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Shin Tae-Yong]]
| <CENTER>[[1989 K-League|1989]] -
| Owner: [[Ilhwa]] in [[Unification Church|Tongil Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team FC Seoul}}
| {{0}} [[Seoul]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Choi Yong-Soo]]
| <CENTER>[[1984 K-League|1984]] -
| Owner: [[GS Sports]] in [[GS Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Suwon Samsung Bluewings}}
| {{0}} [[Suwon]], [[Gyeonggi]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Yoon Sung-Hyo]]
| <CENTER>[[1996 K-League|1996]] -
| Owner: [[Samsung Electronics]] in [[Samsung Group]]
|-
| {{0}} {{fb team Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai}}
| {{0}} [[Ulsan]]
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kim Ho-Gon]]
| <CENTER>[[1984 K-League|1984]] -
| Owner: [[Hyundai Heavy Industries]] in [[Hyundai Heavy Industries Group]]
|}
</center>
=== Stadion (2012) ===
Primary venues used in the K-League:
<center>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! [[Busan IPark]]
! [[Chunnam Dragons]]
! [[Daegu FC]]
! [[Daejeon Citizen]]
! [[Gangwon FC]]
! [[Gwangju FC]]
|-
| [[Stadion Busan Asiad]]
| [[Stadion Gwangyang]]
| [[Stadion Daegu]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Daejeon]]
| [[Stadion Gangneung]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Gwangju]]
|-
| Kapasitas: '''53.864'''
| Kapasitas: '''20.009'''
| Kapasitas: '''66.422'''
| Kapasitas: '''40.535'''
| Kapasitas: '''22.333'''
| Kapasitas: '''40.245'''
|-
|
| [[Berkas:Gwangyangstadium1.jpg|160px]]
|
|
| [[Berkas:Gangneung Stadium2.jpg|160px]]
|
|-
! [[Gyeongnam FC]]
! [[Incheon United]]
! [[Jeju United FC|Jeju United]]
! [[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]
! [[Pohang Steelers]]
! [[Sangju Sangmu Phoenix]]
|-
| [[Stadion Pusat Sepak bola Changwon]]
| [[Stadion Incheon]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Jeju]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Jeonju]]
| [[Pohang Steel Yard]]
| [[Stadion Rakyat Sangju]]
|-
| Kapasitas: '''15.116 '''
| Kapasitas: '''20.891 '''
| Kapasitas: '''35.657 '''
| Kapasitas: '''42.477 '''
| Kapasitas: '''25.000 '''
| Kapasitas: '''15.042 '''
|-
| [[Berkas:Changwon Soccer Center 2.JPG |160px]]
| [[Berkas:Incheon Soccer Stadium 2.JPG|160px]]
|
|
| [[Berkas:Pohang080413 1.jpg|160px]]
|
|-
! [[Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma|Seongnam Ilhwa<br />Chunma]]
! [[FC Seoul]]
! [[Suwon Samsung Bluewings|Suwon Samsung<br />Bluewings]]
! [[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]
!
!
|-
| [[Kompleks Olahraga Tancheon]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Seoul]]
| [[Stadion Piala Dunia Suwon]]
| [[Stadion Ulsan Munsu]]
|
|
|-
| Kapasitas: '''16.250 '''
| Kapasitas: '''66.806 '''
| Kapasitas: '''43.959 '''
| Kapasitas: '''44.474'''
|
|
|-
| [[Berkas:Tanchon20100223 1.JPG|160px]]
|
|
|
|
|
|}
</center>
== Sejarah K-League ==
=== Juara K-League ===
''Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma'' are the most successful team in terms of championship victories, having lifted the title on no less than seven occasions.<br /> The roll-call of champions is as follows (present-date names included where teams have changed names previously):
|'''[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]'''
|[[Jeju United FC|Jeju United]]
|-
|2018
|'''[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]'''
|[[Gyeongnam FC]]
|-
|2019
|'''[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]'''
|[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]
|}
|<center> 5
|<center> 5
| [[1985 K-League|1985]], [[1990 K-League|1990]], [[2000 K-League|2000]], [[2010 K-League|2010]], [[2012 K-League|2012]], 2016
| [[1986 K-League|1986]], [[1989 K-League|1989]], [[1993 K-League|1993]], [[2001 K-League|2001]], [[2008 K-League|2008]]
|-
|<center> 4
|<center> 4
| [[1986 K-League|1986]], [[1988 K-League|1988]], [[1992 K-League|1992]], [[2007 K-League|2007]], 2013
| [[1985 K-League|1985]], [[1987 K-League|1987]], [[1995 K-League|1995]], [[2004 K-League|2004]]
|-
|<center> 2
| [[1998 K-League|1998]], [[1999 K-League|1999]], [[2004 K-League|2004]], [[2008 K-League|2008]]
| [[1996 K-League|1996]], [[2006 K-League|2006]], 2014, 2015
|-
|[[Ulsan Hyundai FC|Ulsan Hyundai]]
|<center> 6
| [[1996 K-League|1996]], [[2005 K-League|2005]]
| [[1988 K-League|1988]], [[1991 K-League|1991]], [[1998 K-League|1998]], [[2002 K-League|2002]], [[2003 K-League|2003]], [[2011 K-League|2011]], 2013, 2019
|-
|[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]]
|<center> 2
|<center> 0
| [[2009 K-League|2009]], [[2011 K-League|2011]], 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019
|2016
|
|-
|[[Jeju United FC|Jeju United]]
|<center> 4
| [[1989 K-League|1989]]
| [[1984 K-League|1984]], [[1994 K-League|1994]], [[2000 K-League|2000]], [[2010 K-League|2010]], 2017
|-
|[[Hallelujah FC]]
|
| [[2005 K-League|2005]]
|-
|[[Gyeongnam FC]]
|
|
|
|2018
|}
{{col-begin}}
| 