Skandal Enron: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Pada akhir 1990-an, saham Enron diperdagangkan dengan harga antara $80-90 per lembar dan sedikit sekali yang mempertanyakan ketidakjelasan pelaporan kinerja keuangan perusahaan ini. Pada pertengahan Juli 2001, Enron melaporkan penghasilan senilai $50.1 milyar, hampir tiga kali lipat dari penghasilan tahun sebelumnya, namun meski begitu margin profit perusahaan masih tetap berkisar pada angka 2.1%, dan harga saham perusahaan turun hingga lebih dari 30% dibandingkan harga pada kuartal yang sama tahun 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/business/enron-net-rose-40-in-quarter.html|title=Enron Net Rose 40% in Quarter|last=Norris|first=Floyd|date=13 Juli 2001|website=|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>
 
Seiring perjalanan waktu, Enron harus berhadapan dengan tantangan operasional misalnya kesulitan logistik dalam operasional unit penjualan ''broadband'' komunikasi, juga kerugian yang harus ditelan Enron dalam proyek Dabhol Power, pembangkit listrik tenaga gas di India yang dipenuhi kontroversi harga tinggi dan suap.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-real-story-of-dabhol/211469|title=The Real Story of Dabhol|last=Ranjit|first=Bhushan|date=30 April 2001|website=|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref> Enron juga harus menghadapi kritik terkait peran anak perusahaannya, Enron Energy Service, dalam krisis listrik yang menimpa negara bagian California pada tahun 2000-2001.
 
Pada tanggal 14 Agustus, Skilling mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya dari posisi CEO Enron setelah berada di posisi tersebut hanya enam bulan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/15/business/enron-s-chief-executive-quits-after-only-6-months-in-job.html|title=Enron's CEO Quits After Only 6 Months in Job|last=Oppel Jr.|first=Richard A.|date=15 Agustus 2001|website=|access-date=}}</ref> Skilling menyebutkan alasan pribadi sebagai dasar pengunduran dirinya tersebut. Namun, pengamat memperhatikan bahwa beberapa bulan sebelum pengunduran diri tersebut, Skilling telah menjual 450.000 lembar saham Enron miliknya senilai $33 juta.<ref name=":0" /> Meski begitu, Kenneth Lay yang menjabat sebagai ''chairman'' Enron memastikan bahwa tidak ada permasalahan di dalam kinerja perusahaan di balik pengunduran diri Skilling. Lay kemudian mengambil alih peran sebagai CEO.
 
By the late 1990s Enron's stock was trading for $80–90 per share, and few seemed to concern themselves with the opacity of the company's financial disclosures. In mid-July 2001, Enron reported revenues of $50.1 billion, almost triple year-to-date, and beating analysts' estimates by 3 cents a share. Despite this, Enron's profit margin had stayed at a modest average of about 2.1%, and its share price had decreased by more than 30% since the same quarter of 2000.
 
As time passed, a number of serious concerns confronted the company. Enron had recently faced several serious operational challenges, namely logistical difficulties in operating a new broadband communications trading unit, and the losses from constructing the Dabhol Power project, a large gas powered power plant in India that had been mired in controversy since the beginning in relation to its high pricing and bribery at the highest level. These were subsequently confirmed in the 2002 Senate investigation. There was also increasing criticism of the company for the role that its subsidiary Enron Energy Services had in the California electricity crisis of 2000–2001.