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{{Infobox military conflict|conflict=Perang Saudara Rusia|partof=the [[aftermath of World War I]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]|image=[[Image:CWRArticleImage.jpg|300px]]|caption='' 'Searah jarum jam dari atas:' '' Tentara [[Tentara Don]] pada tahun 1919; divisi White [[infantri]] pada bulan Maret 1920; tentara dari [[Tentara Kavaleri Pertama]]; [[Leon Trotsky]] pada tahun 1918; menggantung pekerja di Yekaterinoslav ([[Dnipro]])) oleh [[Tentara Austria-Hongaria]], April 1918.|date=[[Revolusi Oktober|7 November 1917]] – 25 Oktober 1922/16 Juni 1923<ref name="M3230">Mawdsley, pp. 3, 230</ref><ref>Последние бои на Дальнем Востоке. М., Центрполиграф, 2005.</ref><br /><small>([[Basmachi movement|Revolt against Soviet rule]] continued in Central Asia until 1934)</small>|place=Former [[Russian Empire]], [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia|Mongolia]], [[Tannu Uriankhai|Tuva]], [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]|result=Kemenangan Tentara Merah di [[Rusia]], [[Ukraina Barat]], [[Belarus]], [[Kaukasus Selatan]], [[Asia Tengah]], [[Tuva]], dan [[Mongolia]];<br /> Kemenangan untuk gerakan pro-kemerdekaan di[[Finlandia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraina Barat]], dan [[Polandia]]|territory=* Establishment of the [[Soviet Union]]
{{Infobox military conflict
* Independence of [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]] and [[Second_Polish_Republic|Poland]]<ref name=Bullock7>Bullock, p. 7 "Peripheral regions of the former Russian Empire that had broken away to form new nations had to fight for independence: Finland, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbaijan."</ref>
|conflict = Perang Saudara Rusia
* Cession of [[Artvin Province|Artvin]], [[Ardahan Province|Ardahan]], [[Iğdır Province|Iğdır]] and [[Kars Province|Kars]] to [[Turkey]].
|partof =
* Cession of [[Western Ukraine]] and half of Belarus to Poland.
|image = [[Berkas:CWRArticleImage.jpg|300px]]
* Cession of [[Bessarabia]] to Romania.|combatant1='''{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]]''' and other [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Soviet Republics]]<br />{{flagdeco|Far Eastern Republic}} [[Far Eastern Republic]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1921-1924).svg}} [[Mongolian People's Party]]<br>{{flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Left Socialist-Revolutionaries|Left SRs]]<br><small>(Until March 1918)</small><br />
| caption = '''Searah jarum jam dari atas:''' Prajurit [[Tentara Don]] pada tahun 1919; Divisi [[infantri]] Putih pada Maret 1920; tentara [[Prajurit Kavaleri Pertama (Uni Soviet)|Prajurit Kavaleri Pertama]]; [[Leon Trotsky]] pada 1918; penggantungan para pekerja di [[Yekaterinoslav]] oleh [[Tentara Austria-Hongaria]], April 1918.
|date = 7 November (25 Oktober) 1917 – 25 Oktober (12 Oktober) 1922<ref name="M3230">Mawdsley, pp. 3, 230</ref>
|place = Bekas wilayah [[Kekaisaran Rusia]], [[Mongolia]], [[Tuva]], [[Iran|Persia]]
|casus = [[Revolusi Oktober]]
|territory = Pendirian [[Uni Soviet]]; Kemerdekaan [[Finlandia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lituania]] dan [[Polandia]]<ref name=Bullock7>Bullock, p. 7 "Daerah ''peripheral'' bekas Kekaisaran Rusia yang telah memisahkan diri untuk membentuk negara baru harus berjuang untuk kemerdekaan: Finlandia, Polandia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraina, Georgia dan Azerbaijan."</ref>
|result =Kemenangan Tentara Merah di [[Rusia]], [[Ukraina]], [[Belarus]], [[Kaukasus Selatan]], [[Asia Tengah]], [[Tuva]], dan [[Mongolia]];<br/>
Kemenangan gerakan pro-kemerdekaan di [[Finlandia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lituania]], dan [[Polandia]]
 
|combatant1 = '''{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia|RSFS Rusia]]''' dan [[Daftar republik di Uni Soviet|Republik-republik Soviet]]
----
{{flagicon image|RPAUDarker green and Black flag.svg}} [[TentaraGreen Pemberontakarmies|Green Revolusioner UkrainaArmy]] <smallbr>(1919–1920)</small>(Until 1919)<br/small>
----▼
{{flagicon image|Red flag.svg}} [[Revolusioner Sosialis Kiri]] <small>(sebelum Maret 1918)</small><br>
{{flagicon image|Darker green and Black flag.svg}} [[TentaraRevolutionary HijauInsurrectionary Army of Ukraine]] <br><small>(sebelum 19191919–20)</small>|combatant2={{flagdeco|Russia}} '''[[White movement|White Movement]]'''
 
|combatant2 = {{flagicon|Rusia}} '''[[Gerakan Putih]]'''
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = no
| title = MeliputiIncluding
| {{flagicon image|[[File:Kolchak (blason).jpg}}|23px]] [[Pemerintah SementaraProvisional SeluruhAll-Russian RusiaGovernment]]
| {{flagiconflagdeco|Russia}} [[AngkatanArmed BersenjataForces Rusiaof SelatanSouth Russia]]
| {{flagicon image|Bandera de Bakio.svg}} [[TentaraSiberian SiberiaArmy]]
| {{flagicon image|[[File:Flag of the Ural government (1918).svg}}|23px]] [[Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly|Komuch]]
| {{flagicon image|[[File:Don White Army.svg}}|23px]] [[Tentara Don Army]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg}} [[RepublikKuban RakyatPeople's Kuban|Cossack KubanRepublic]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg}} [[DaerahAlash Otonom AlashAutonomy]]
| {{flagicon image|RPAUBandera de flagKokand.svg}} [[NestorTurkestan MakhnoAutonomy]]▼
}}
----
'''[[Pro-independence movements in Russian Civil War|Other new republics]]'''
'''[[Gerakan pro-kemerdekaan dalam Perang Saudara Rusia|Negara baru]]'''
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = no
| title = MeliputiIncluding
| {{flagicon image|PolandiaFlag of Poland (1928-1980).svg}} [[RepublikSecond PolandiaPolish KeduaRepublic|PolandiaPoland]]
| {{flag|FinlandiaFinland}}
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| {{flag|LituaniaLithuania}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukrainian People's Republic 1917.svg}} [[RepublikUkrainian RakyatPeople's UkrainaRepublic|UkrainaUkraine]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Georgia Flag_of_Belarus_(1918-1921,_1991–1995).svg}} [[RepublikBelarusian DemokratikPeople's GeorgiaRepublic|GeorgiaBelarus]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of theGeorgia Democratic Republic of Armenia(1918-1921).svg}} [[RepublikDemocratic DemokratikRepublic of ArmeniaGeorgia|ArmeniaGeorgia]]
| {{flagicon image |Flag of Azerbaijanthe First Republic of Armenia.svg}} [[RepublikFirst DemokratikRepublic of AzerbaijanArmenia|AzerbaijanArmenia]]
| {{flagicon image |Flag of theAzerbaijan Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus1918.svg}} [[RepublikAzerbaijan KaukasusDemocratic Utara BergunungRepublic|Republik PegununganAzerbaijan]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Donthe CossacksMountain Republic.svg}} [[RepublikMountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus|Mountain DonRepublic]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of KubanDon People's RepublicCossacks.svg}} [[RepublikDon Rakyat KubanRepublic]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of RomaniaKuban People's Republic.svg}} [[KerajaanKuban People's Rumania|RumaniaRepublic]]▼
| ''dan gerakan pro-kemerdekaan lainnya''
| [[File:Flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg|23px]] [[Moldavian Democratic Republic|Moldavia]]
| [[File:Flag of the Confederated Republic of Altai.gif|23px]] [[Altai Republic#History|Altai]]
| ''and other pro-independence movements''
}}
----
'''[[IntervensiAllied Sekutuintervention dalamin Perangthe SaudaraRussian RusiaCivil War|IntervensiAllied Sekutuintervention]]'''<br />{{Collapsible list
| bullets = no
| title = MeliputiIncluding
| {{flagcountry|BritaniaUnited RayaKingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
* {{flag|KanadaCanada|1868}}
* {{flag|Australia}}
|* {{flag|KekaisaranBritish JepangRaj|name=India}}
* {{flag|Union of South Africa|name=South Africa|1912}}
| {{flag|Cekoslowakia}}
| {{flagflagcountry|AmerikaEmpire Serikat|1912of Japan}}
| {{flag|PrancisCzechoslovakia}}
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece}}
| {{flagicon image|State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg}} [[Kerajaan Yunani|Yunani]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| {{flagicon image|State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg}} [[Kerajaan Serbia|Serbia]]
| {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}
▲| {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Kerajaan Rumania|Rumania]]
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} [[Kerajaan Italia (1861-1946)|Italia]]
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of China (1912-1928).svg}} [[Republik Tiongkok (1912-1949)|Tiongkok]]
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}
| {{flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912}}
}}
----
'''[[German Empire|German]]-led intervention'''
'''Tentara pro-Jerman'''
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = no
| title = MeliputiIncluding
| {{flagcountry|German Empire}}
| {{flagicon|Kekaisaran Jerman}} [[Kekaisaran Jerman|Jerman]]
| {{flagcountry|Austria-Hungary}}
| {{flagicon image|Baltic German.svg}} ''[[Baltische Landeswehr|Landeswehr]]''
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the IronUkranian Division FreikorpsState.svg}} [[Freikorps diUkrainian Baltik|FreikorpsState]]
| {{flagicon image|FlagBaltic of the West Russian Volunteer ArmyGerman.svg}} [[Tentara Sukarelawan RusiaBaltische BaratLandeswehr|Landeswehr]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg}} [[Freikorps in the Baltic|Freikorps]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the West Russian Volunteer Army.svg}} [[West Russian Volunteer Army]]
}}
----
{{Collapsible list
| bullets = no
| title = FaksiOther lainnyafactions
| {{flagicon image|Darker green and BlackRed flag.svg}} [[TentaraLeft HijauSocialist-Revolutionaries|Left SRs]] <br><small>(dariFrom March 19191918)</small>
| {{flagicon image|RPAUDarker green and Black flag.svg}} [[TentaraGreen Pemberontakarmies|Green Revolusioner UkrainaArmy]] <br><small>(1920–1921From 1919)</small>
| {{flagicon image|AnarchistBlack flag.svg}} [[PemberontakanRevolutionary Kronstadt|PemberontakInsurrectionary KronstadtArmy of Ukraine]]<br><small>(1920–21)</small>
| {{flagicon image|RedPetropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg}} [[RevolusionerKronstadt Sosialisrebellion|Kronstadt KiriMutineers]] <br><small>(dari Maret 19181921)</small>
----
| [[BerkasFile:Bandera del Turquestan.svg|18px23px]] [[Basmachi movement|Basmachi]]
| [[BerkasFile:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg|24px23px]] [[EmiratEmirate of Bukhara|Bukhara]]
| {{flagicon image|Bandera de Khiva 1917-1920.svg}} [[KekhananKhanate of Khiva|Khiva]]
----
| {{flagiconflag|Ottoman Empire}} [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]
----
| [[BerkasFile:Flag of MongoliaBogd (1911)Khaanate Mongolia.svg|24px23px]] [[MongoliaBogd (1911-1924)Khanate of Mongolia|Mongolia]]
}}
----
<small>''Various [[anti-Sovietism|anti-Soviet]] factions also fought against each other.''</small>|commander1={{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Vladimir Lenin]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Joseph Stalin]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Nikolai Podvoisky]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Jukums Vācietis]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Sergey Kamenev]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Kliment Voroshilov]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Leon Trotsky]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Yakov Sverdlov]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Mikhail Kalinin]]<br/>{{flagdeco|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Grigori Sokolnikov]]<hr>{{flagicon image|black flag.svg}} [[Nestor Makhno]]<br/>{{flagicon image|black flag.svg}} [[Simon Karetnik]]|commander2={{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Alexander Kolchak]]}}<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Lavr Kornilov]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Anton Denikin]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Pyotr Wrangel]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Nikolai Yudenich]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov|Grigory Semyonov]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Mikhail Diterikhs]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Roman von Ungern-Sternberg]]<br />{{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Mikhail Pleshkov]]|strength1=Tentara Merah: 5,427,273 (peak){{sfn|Krivosheev|1997|p=7}}
<small>''Berbagai faksi anti-Soviet juga berjuang antara satu sama lain.''</small>
|commander1=
{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Vladimir Lenin]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Leon Trotsky]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch-Bruyevich|Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Jukums Vācietis]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Sergey Kamenev]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Mikhail Tukhachevsky]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Kliment Voroshilov]]<br />{{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} [[Mikhail Frunze]]
----
Tentara Hitam: 103,000 (peak)<ref>Belash, Victor & Belash, Aleksandr, ''Dorogi Nestora Makhno'', p. 340</ref>|strength2=Tentara Putih: 2,400,000|casualties1='' '~ 1.500.000' '' <br> 259.213 terbunuh <br> 60.059 hilang <br> 616.605 meninggal karena penyakit / luka <br> 3.878 meninggal karena kecelakaan / bunuh diri <br> 548.857 terluka / membeku {{sfn | Krivosheev | 1997 | p = 7-38}} <Ref> Ada tambahan 6.242.926 rawat inap karena sakit. </ref>|casualties2=650,000 total korban|casualties3=7.000.000–12.000.000 gabungan total korban, termasuk ratusan ribu dari [[Teror Putih (Rusia) | Putih]] dan [[Teror Merah | Merah]] [[Represi Politik | Teror]]|campaignbox={{Campaignbox Perang Saudara Rusia}}}}[[Berkas:Red-soldiers.jpg|250px|jmpl|ka|Tentara merah.]]
▲{{flagicon image|RPAU flag.svg}} [[Nestor Makhno]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Russia}} [[Alexander Kolchak]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Lavr Kornilov]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Anton Denikin]]<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Pyotr Wrangel]]<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Mikhail Alekseyev]]<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Nikolai Yudenich]]<br />{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Evgeny Miller]]
|strength1 = 3,000,000<ref name=gfk/>
▲----
103,000 Tentara Pemberontak Revolusioner Ukraina
|strength2 = 2,400,000 Tentara Putih
|casualties1 = 1,212,824 korban (catatan tidak lengkap)<ref name=gfk>G.F. Krivosheev, ''Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century'', pp. 7–38.</ref>
|casualties2 = Setidaknya 1,500,000
|notes =
}}
[[Berkas:Red-soldiers.jpg|250px|jmpl|ka|Tentara merah.]]
 
'''Perang saudara Rusia''' adalah perang saudara yang terjadi dari tahun [[1918]] sampai tahun [[1922]] antara beberapa kelompok dan negara di [[Rusia]]. Pertempuran utama terjadi antara dua kelompok besar, yaitu Pemerintah Uni Soviet yang baru dengan [[Tentara Merah]] dan Kelompok Nasionalis Rusia dengan [[Tentara Putih]]. Tentara Merah adalah cabang angkatan bersenjata Uni Soviet yang dibentuk mengikuti Revolusi Oktober tahun 1917. Tentara Putih yang disokong oleh beberapa negara sekutu, seperti [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Inggris]], [[Prancis]], [[Polandia]], [[Italia]], [[Jepang]] dan beberapa negara lainnya melawan pemerintah Rusia yang baru di bawah kendali [[Bolshevik]]. Beberapa negara bagian juga memberontak menentang pemerintahan komunis Uni Soviet. Akhirnya, Uni Soviet berhasil memenangkan perang ini dan semakin memperkuat kedudukannya atas daerah-daerah eks Kekaisaran Rusia.
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Rusia"