Gilda (perhimpunan): Perbedaan antara revisi

| quote = [...] a cognitive basis of any kind had to be at least approximately defined before the rising modern professions could negotiate ''cognitive exclusiveness'' — that is, before they could convincingly establish a teaching monopoly on their specific tools and techniques, while claiming absolute superiority for them. The proved institutional mechanisms for this negotiation were the license, the ujian kualifikasi, the diploma, and formal training in a common curriculum. The typical institutions that administered these devices were, first, the guild-like professional association, and later the professional school, which superseded the association in effectiveness. [...] Obviously, none of this was in itself an organizational invention. The guilds of merchants that sprang up in eleventh-century Europe were also voluntary associations tending towards the monopolistic control of a ''new'' form of trade.[...]

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[[Thomas W. Malone]] champions a modern variant of the struktur gilda for modern "e-lancers", professionals who do mostly [[telework]] for multiple employers. [[Insurance]] including any professional [[legal liability|liability]], [[intellectual capital]] protections, an [[ethical code]] perhaps enforced by peer pressure and software, and other benefits of a strong association of producers of knowledge, benefit from [[economies of scale]], and may prevent cut-throat competition that leads to inferior services undercutting prices.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} And, as with historical guilds, such a structure will resist foreign competition. The [[free software community]] dari waktu ke waktu telah mengeksplorasi struktur serupa gilda untuk bersatu menghadapi persaingan dari [[Microsoft]], e.g. [[Advogato]] assigns journeyer and master ranks to those committing to work only or mostly on perangkat lunak gratis.-->