Kerajaan Al-Abwab: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 31:
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map =
|image_map_caption = Al-Abwab terletak di suatu tempat antara [[Abu Hamad]] dan [[Soba (kota) | Soba]], ibu kota [[Alodia]]
|capital = Tidak ditentukan
Baris 46:
|today = {{flag|Sudan}}
}}
'''Kerajaan al-Abwab''' adalah kerajaan Nubia pada abad pertengahan di tempat yang sekarang menjadi wilayah tengah [[Sudan]]. Awalnya kerajaan ini merupakan provinsi paling utara dari [[Alodia]], tetapi kemudian menjadi sebuah kerajaan merdeka sejak 1276. Sejak saat itu kerajaan ini berulang kali dicatat oleh sumber-sumber Arab sehubungan dengan perang antara
== Daftar pustaka ==
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Adams |first=William Y. |title=Al-Abwab |year=1991 |editor=Aziz Surya Atiya |encyclopedia=The Coptic encyclopedia |volume=1 |url=http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/59 |page=38 |publisher=Claremont Graduate University. School of Religion |oclc=782061492 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last=Drzewiecki |first=Mariusz |title=The Southern Border of the Kingdom of Makuria in the Nile Valley |journal=Études et Travaux |volume=XXIV |year=2011 |pages=93—107 |issn=2084-6762 |publisher=Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures |url=https://www.academia.edu/3222060/The_Southern_Border_of_the_Kingdom_of_Makuria_in_the_Nile_Valley |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Edwards |first=David |title=The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415369879 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Hasan|first=Yusuf Fadl|title=The Arabs and the Sudan. From the seventh to the early sixteenth century|year=1967|isbn=|location=|pages=|publisher=University of Edinburgh|oclc=33206034|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |first1=R.S. |last1=O'Fahey |first2=J.L |last2=Spaulding |title=Kingdoms of the Sudan. Studies of African History Vol. 9 |publisher=Methuen |place= |year=1974 |isbn=0-416-77450-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Vantini |first=Giovanni |title=Oriental Sources concerning Nubia |year=1975 |publisher=Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften |url=http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php/Giovanni_Vantini%27s_Oriental_Sources_Concerning_Nubia |oclc=174917032 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |title=The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile|year=2002 |publisher=British Museum |isbn=978-0714119472 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |chapter=The Kingdom of Alwa |year=2014 |pp=183–200 |editors=Julie R. Anderson and Derek A. Welsby |title=The Fourth Cataract and Beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies |publisher=Peeters Pub |isbn=978-9042930445 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Werner |first=Roland |language=German |title=Das Christentum in Nubien. Geschichte und Gestalt einer afrikanischen Kirche ["Christianity in Nubia. History and shape of an African church"] |year=2013 |publisher=Lit |isbn=978-3-643-12196-7 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last=Weschenfelder |first=Petra |year=2009 |title=Die Keramik von MOG048 |journal=Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V. |language=German |pages=93—100 |volume=20 |issn=0945-9502 |publisher=Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V. |url=https://www.sag-online.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Weschenfelder2009_KeramikMOG048_MittSAG20.pdf |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Zarroug |first=Mohi El-Din Abdalla |title=The Kingdom of Alwa |year=1991 |publisher=University of Calgary |isbn=978-0-919813-94-6 |ref=harv}}
[[Kategori:Sejarah Sudan]]
| |||