Iran Raya: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Persia Raya''' atau '''Iran Raya''' adalah istilah mengacu pada daerah dengan pengaruh [[budaya]] [[Iran]]. Daerah ini meliputi wilayah di dataran tinggi Iran dan bawahnya kemudian membentang dari [[Mesopotamia]] Irak , [[Kaukasus]] , [[Anatolia]] Timur Turki sampai ke [[Sungai Indus]] Pakistan.<ref name=Marcinkowski>{{cite book|last=Marcinkowski|first=Christoph|title=Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts|year=2010|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-643-80049-7|page=83|quote=The 'historical lands of Iran' – 'Greater Iran' – were always known in the Persian language as ''Irānshahr'' or ''Irānzamīn''. Both terms refer to the Iranian plateau in addition to the Persianate world at large, those regions that had been historically under significant Persian cultural influence, roughly corresponding to the territories ruled over by the ancient Parthians and Sasanids – i.e., in addition to 'Iran proper', also the Caucasus, Mesopotamia (Iraq), Central Asia, and large parts of what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan and conforming to the Persian 'historical understanding' of the 'full territorial extent' of Iran. The capital of this entity was, at times, situated in what is now Iraq.}}</ref><ref>[[Richard N. Frye]], interview by Asieh Namdar, CNN, 20 October 2007. "I spent all my life working in Iran. and as you know I don't mean Iran of today, I mean Greater Iran, the Iran which in the past, extended all the way from China to borders of Hungary and from other Mongolia to Mesopotamia". [http://azadegan.info/files/Dr.Frye-discusses-greater-Iran-on-CNN.mp4] [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8599016121144917550]</ref><ref>Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1962), pp. 261-268 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia - that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.</ref>. Sementara [[Encyclopædia Iranika]] menggunakan istilah '''Benua Budaya Iran'''.<ref>[http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/nov03/features5.php Columbia College Today:Encyclopaedia Iranica]</ref>

Istilah ''Iran'' tidak hanya terbatas pada negara modern Iran saat ini. Iran mencakup semua batas-batas politik dikuasai oleh [[Persia Kuno]] termasuk Mesopotamia , Armenia dan Transkaukasia . Konsep Persia Raya bersumber pada sejarah pertama [[Kekaisaran Persia]] atau Kekaisaran Achaemenid di [[Provinsi Fars|Persis]] (''Fars''), dan pada kenyataannya identik dengan sejarah Iran dalam banyak hal. Setelah Kekaisaran Persia pertama, Persia kehilangan banyak wilayah di bawah [[dinasti Safawi]] , seperti hilangnya Irak ke [[Ottoman]] (melalui [[Perjanjian Amasya]] pada tahun [[1555]] dan Perjanjian Zuhab tahun 1639), hilangnya Afghanistan ke Inggris (melalui Perjanjian Paris pada tahun 1857 , dan wilayah Kaukasus ke Rusia pada abad 18 dan 19. [[Traktat Gulistan]] tahun 1813 mengakibatkan Persia menyerahkan Armenia , Azerbaijan , dan timur Georgia ke Rusia <ref>{{cite book|title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries: Persia and the Persian Gulf|author=India. Foreign and Political Dept.|year=1892|publisher=G. A. Savielle and P. M. Cranenburgh, Bengal Print. Co|pages=x (10)|url=http://books.google.com/?id=C7L7CSjut9wC&pg=PR10&dq=treaty+of+gulistan#v=onepage&q=treaty%20of%20gulistan&f=false}}</ref>. Perjanjian Turkmanchey [[1828]], setelah perang Rusia-Persia hubungan dengan [[Kaukasus Utara|provinsi Kaukasia]] dari Iran terputus dan menetapkan batas modern di sepanjang [[Sungai Aras]].