Umat Kristen Arab: Perbedaan antara revisi

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=== Peranan dalam An Nahdah ===
Renaisans kebudayaan Arab atau ''[[An-Nahdah|An Nahdah]]'' adalah sebuah gerakan kebangkitan budaya yang bermula pada penghujung abad ke-19 dan permulaan abad ke-20, sesudah [[Muhammad Ali dari Mesir|Muhammad Ali Pasya]] angkat kaki dari [[Syam]] pada tahun 1840.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Peter|last=Gran|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/568/cu1.htm|title=Tahtawi in Paris|journal=Al-Ahram Weekly Online|issue=568|date=Januari 2002|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030624173715/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/568/cu1.htm|archivedate=24 Juni 2003}}</ref> [[Beirut]], [[Kairo]], [[Damaskus]], dan [[Aleppo]] merupakan pusat-pusat gerakan An Nahdah yang bermuara pada pendirian sekolah-sekolah, universitas-universitas, teater, dan media cetak Arab. An Nahdah juga menghasilkan pembaharuan ciri khas kesastraan, kebahasaan, dan puitis. Gerakan politik aktif, yang dikenal dengan nama "asosiasi", muncul bersamaan dengan gagasan kebangsaan Arab dan tuntutan reformasi terhadap [[Kesultanan Utsmaniah|Imperium Osmanli]].<!-- Theuntuk emergencemelakukan ofreformasi. theKemunculan ideagagasan ofkemerdekaan bangsa Arab independencedan andreformasi reformation,bermuara ledpada toseruan theuntuk callingmendirikan ofnegara-negara themodern establishmentmeniru ofgaya modernEropa.<!-- statesPada basedtahap onini, the European-style. It was during this stage, that the first compound of the Arabic language was introduced along with the printing of it in Arabic letters. In music, sculpture and history and the humanities generally, as well as in economics, human rights, and a summary of the case that the cultural renaissance by the Arabs during the late Ottoman rule was a quantum leap for them to post-industrial revolution,<ref name="Teague2010"/> and can not be limited to the fields of cultural renaissance of Arabs in the nineteenth century these categories only as it is extended to include the spectrum of society and the fields as a whole,<ref name="Pacini1998"/> and is almost universal agreement among historians on the role played by the Arab Christians in this renaissance, both in [[Mount Lebanon]], [[Lower Egypt|Egypt]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], Syria, and their role in the prosperity through participation not only from home but in the Diaspora also.<ref>{{cite book|last=Boueiz Kanaan|first=Claude|title=Lebanon 1860-1960: A Century of Myth and Politics|publisher=la University of Michigan|page=127}}</ref>
[[File:May ziade.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[May Ziade]], a key figure of the Nahda in Arab literary scene, and is known for being an "early feminist" and a "pioneer of Oriental feminism."]]
Because Arab Christians formed the educated and bourgeois classes,<ref name="Radai2008"/> they have had a significant impact in politics, business and culture of the Arab World. Some of the most influential Arab nationalists were Arab Christians, and is noteworthy for example, in the press sound Anjoa founder of the «mirror the Middle» in 1879 and the Secretary of Saal founder of the Journal of Law and George Michael Knight founder of the «Egyptian newspaper» in 1888 and Alexander Shalhoub founder of the Journal of the Sultanate in 1897 and [[Saleem Takla]] and his brother Bishara Takla founding the [[Al-Ahram]] newspaper,<ref>{{cite book|last=Merrill, A. Fisher|first=John Calhoun, Harold|title=The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers|publisher=la University of Michigan|page=52}}</ref> and in the jurisprudence of the Arabic language The Abraham Yazigi Yazigi and Nassif and Peter Gardener. At the same time entered into by the Archbishop of Aleppo Mlatios grace of the first printing press letters to Arab Levant and continued in print until 1899. On the other hand, contributed to Arab Christians in fighting the policy of Turkification pursued by the Assembly of the Union and Progress and has emerged in Aleppo, in particular, Bishop Germanos Farhat and Father Boutros Tallawy, and the school was founded the Patriarchate in the prolific that came out a multitude of flags of the Arab at that point,<ref>محطات مارونية من تاريخ لبنان، مرجع سابق، ص.183</ref>{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}} Christian college as [[Saint Joseph University]] and the American University of Beirut and Al-Hikma University in Baghdad and other played leading role in the development of civilization and Arab culture.<ref name="Lattouf p. 70">Lattouf, 2004, p. 70</ref> In Iraq, an active father Anastas Marie Carmelite, and in the literature mentioned [[Kahlil Gibran|Gibran Khalil Gibran]] and [[Mikha'il Na'ima|Mikhail Naima]], [[Ameen Rihani]], Shafiq Maalouf and Elias Farhat. In politics, Alazuri Shokri Ghanem and Jacob Abov, Faris Nimr and [[Boutros Ghali|Boutros-Ghali]], in Lebanon and Egypt. Given this growing Christian role in politics and culture, governments began to turn contains the Ottoman ministers from the Arab Christians and all of them epic in Lebanon. In the economic sphere, a number of Christian families, including Al Sursock and all stockist and all Websters in the Levant and all Sakakini, and all-Ghali, and all fixed in Egypt,{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}} Thus, the Arab Middle East led the Muslims and Christians a cultural renaissance and national general despotism which formed Rkizath Society of Union and Progress and Policy Turkification, and established this renaissance as seen Paul Naaman "Arab Christians as one of the pillars of the region and not as a minority on the fringes.<ref>محطات مارونية من تاريخ لبنان، مرجع سابق، ص.185</ref>{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
 
Many non-Arab Christians suffered a religiously motivated [[Genocide]] at the hands of the Ottomans and their allies in the [[Assyrian genocide]] and the [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]] during [[World War I]], which ran in conjunction with the [[Armenian Genocide]] and the [[Greek genocide]].-->
 
=== Zaman Modern era===
SomeSejumlah oftokoh thegerakan most influentialkebangsaan Arab nationalistsyang werepaling berpengaruh adalah orang Arab ChristiansKristen, likemisalnya [[Syrians|SyrianQustantin Zuraik]], cendekiawan intellectualasal [[Constantin ZureiqSuriah]]. SeveralBeberapa orang Arab ChristiansKristen editedadalah thepenyunting leadingsurat-surat newspaperskabar terkemuka di Wilayah Mandat Palestina, inantara Mandatorylain Palestinesurat includingkabar ''[[Falastin (newspapersurat kabar)|Falastin]]'', editedyang disunting byoleh [[IssaIsa El-IssaAl Isa]] anddan [[YousefYusuf El-IssaAl Isa]], anddan surat kabar ''[[Al-Karmil (newspapersurat kabar)|Al- Karmil]]'', which wasyang editeddisunting byoleh [[Najib Nassar]]. [[Khalil al-As Sakakini]], atokoh prominentmasyarakat JerusalemiteYerusalem, wasadalah also anorang Arab OrthodoxKristen Ortodoks, asdemikian waspula [[George Antonius|Jurj Habib Antunius]], authorpenulis ofbuku ''[[The Arab Awakening]].''<!--
 
During the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], a number of Arab Greek Orthodox communities were affected, including [[al-Bassa]], [[Ramla]], [[Lod]], [[Safed]], [[Kafr Bir'im]], [[Iqrit]], [[Tarbikha]], [[Eilabun]]. In addition around 20,000 Christians fled Haifa, 20,000 fled West Jerusalem, 700 fled Acre and 10,000 fled Jaffa.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} However prominent members remained such as [[Tawfik Toubi]], [[Emile Touma]] and [[Emile Habibi]] and they went on to be leaders of the [[communism|Communist party]] in Israel. [[George Habash]], founder of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] was Arab Christian.