Tokyo: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{short description|Ibu kota Jepang}}
{{About|prefektur Tokyo dan kota-kotanya}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
Baris 41 ⟶ 42:
| leader_title3 = [[Dewan Penasihat Jepang|Penasehat]]
| leader_name3 = [[Distrik pemilihan Diet di Tokyo#Dewan Penasihat|11]]
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
Baris 53 ⟶ 54:
| population_density_km2 = 6224.66
| population_metro = 38,140,000 – [[Tokyo Raya]]
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="UN-World-Cities-2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|title=The World's Cities in 2016|last=United Nations|date=March 12, 2017|website=United Nations|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|archive-date=January 12, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 = 2662
| population_blank1_title = 23 DKK
Baris 60 ⟶ 61:
| population_note = (per 2015 menurut pemerintah prefektur)
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = (Nominal; 2015)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2018/03/28/18.html |script-title= ja:都民経済計算（都内総生産等）平成27年度年報 |website= www.metro.tokyo.jp |title= Archived copy |access-date= August 21, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160408/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2018/03/28/18.html |archive-date= August 21, 2018 |dead-url= no |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ofx.com/en-au/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/ |title= Yearly Average Rates |publisher= OFX|deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150316233916/https://www.ofx.com/en-au/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/ |archivedate= March 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2015/kekka/kihon1/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf|title= 2015 Japan Population|access-date= August 21, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180403153247/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2015/kekka/kihon1/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf|archive-date= April 3, 2018|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref>▼
▲|website= www.metro.tokyo.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ofx.com/en-au/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/ |title= Yearly Average Rates |publisher= OFX|deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150316233916/https://www.ofx.com/en-au/forex-news/historical-exchange-rates/ |archivedate= March 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2015/kekka/kihon1/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf|title= 2015 Japan Population}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| postal_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:JP|ISO 3166-2]]
Baris 96:
}}
{{nihongo|'''Tokyo'''|東京|Tōkyō|extra={{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|t|oʊ|k|i|oʊ}},<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/tokyo|title= Tokyo definition and meaning|accessdate= June 15, 2018|publisher= Collins English Dictionary|date= n.d.|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180616001932/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/tokyo|archive-date= June 16, 2018|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref> {{IPA-ja|toːkʲoː|lang|ja-Tokyo.ogg}}; {{abbr|lit.|harfiah}} "Ibu kota Timur"}}, nama resminya {{Nihongo4|'''Metropolis Tokyo'''|東京都|Tōkyō-to}}, adalah salah satu dari 47 [[Prefektur (Jepang)|prefektur]] [[Jepang]] yang menjadi [[ibu kota Jepang]] sejak 1869.<ref>
▲|accessdate= June 15, 2018|publisher= Collins English Dictionary|date= n.d.}}</ref> {{IPA-ja|toːkʲoː|lang|ja-Tokyo.ogg}}; {{abbr|lit.|harfiah}} "Ibu kota Timur"}}, nama resminya {{Nihongo4|'''Metropolis Tokyo'''|東京都|Tōkyō-to}}, adalah salah satu dari 47 [[Prefektur (Jepang)|prefektur]] [[Jepang]] yang menjadi [[ibu kota Jepang]] sejak 1869.<ref>[http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column081.htm "Tidak ada undang-undang untuk menentukan di mana ibu kota Jepang berada. Karena Tokyo dibangun untuk menstabilkan Timur dan Utara. " Dewan Legislatif Biro Dewan]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Japan's Local Government System |url= http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview05.htm |publisher= Tokyo Metropolitan Government |accessdate= August 5, 2013 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130811121829/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview05.htm |archivedate= August 11, 2013}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, [[Tokyo Raya]] menempati peringkat pertama sebagai [[Daftar metropolitan berdasarkan populasi|wilayah metropolitan terpadat]] di dunia.<ref name="UN-World-Cities-2018"/> Tokyo menjadi tempat bertahtanya [[Kaisar Jepang]], [[pemerintah Jepang]], dan [[Diet Nasional]]. Tokyo mencakup sebagian dari [[wilayah Kanto]], [[Kepulauan Izu]], dan [[Kepulauan Ogasawara]].<ref name="nussbaum981">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tōkyō" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 981–982}}; in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|"Kantō" p. 479}}</ref> Tokyo dulunya bernama [[Edo]] ketika [[Shogun|Shōgun]] [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] menjadikan kota ini sebagai markas besarnya pada 1603. Kota ini berganti nama menjadi Tokyo setelah [[Kaisar Meiji]] menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota dan memindahkan tahtanya dari [[Kyoto]] pada tahun 1868. Metropolis Tokyo dibentuk pada tahun 1943 dari penggabungan bekas {{Nihongo|[[Prefektur Tokyo]]|東京府|Tōkyō-fu}} dan {{Nihongo|[[Kota Tokyo]]|東京市|Tōkyō-shi}}. Tokyo seringkali disebut sebagai sebuah kota, padahal secara resmi Tokyo merupakan sebuah "prefektur metropolitan" yang sangat berbeda dari kota biasa dan menggabungkan unsur-unsur kota dan prefektur.
[[Distrik Kota Khusus Tōkyō|Dua puluh tiga Distrik Kota Khusus Tokyo]] ''(selanjutnya disebut DKK Tokyo atau DKK saja)'' dulunya adalah bagian dari [[Kota Tokyo]]. Pada 1 Juli 1943, kota Tokyo bergabung dengan Prefektur Tokyo dan menjadi Metropolis Tokyo dengan 26 [[Munisipalitas (Jepang)|kotamadya]] tambahan di bagian barat prefektur; [[kepulauan Izu]] serta [[kepulauan Ogasawara]] di selatan-tenggara Tokyo.
Tokyo menempati urutan pertama dalam [[Kota global|Indeks Kekuatan Ekonomi Global]] dan ketiga dalam [[Kota global|Indeks Kota Global]]. Inventaris [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|GaWC]] tahun 2018 mengklasifikasikan Tokyo sebagai [[Kota global|kota dunia alpha+]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2018t.html|title= GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2018|publisher= Lboro.ac.uk|date= April 13, 2018|accessdate= March 22, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170503165246/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html|archive-date= May 3, 2017|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref> – dan {{as of | 2014 | lc = on}} Survei Kota Dunia ''[[TripAdvisor]]'' menempatkan Tokyo sebagai yang pertama dalam kategori "Pengalaman Keseluruhan Terbaik" (kota ini juga menempati peringkat pertama dalam kategori berikut: "menolong penduduk setempat", "kehidupan malam", "belanja", "transportasi umum lokal", dan "kebersihan jalan-jalan").<ref>{{cite web|title= Tokyo Tops Among Global Travelers, According To TripAdvisor World City Survey|url= http://www.tripadvisor.com/PressCenter-i6742-c1-Press_Releases.html|website= TripAdvisor|publisher= TripAdvisor LLC|accessdate= September 1, 2014|date= May 20, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140904001813/http://www.tripadvisor.com/PressCenter-i6742-c1-Press_Releases.html|archive-date= September 4, 2014|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref> {{As of | 2018}}, Tokyo dinilai sebagai [[Daftar kota termahal untuk karyawan asing|kota termahal kedua di dunia bagi ekspatriat]] menurut perusahaan konsultan [[Mercer (firma konsultasi)|Mercer]]<ref>{{cite web|title= 2018 Cost of Living Rankings|url= http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/cost-of-living-survey.html|work= Mercer|publisher= Mercer LLC|accessdate= March 22, 2019|date= June 26, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150619201330/http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/cost-of-living-survey.html|archive-date= June 19, 2015|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref> dan juga kota termahal ke-11 di dunia menurut survei [[Economist Intelligence Unit]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Uptown top ranking |url = https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/03/daily-chart|publisher= The Economist|accessdate= October 17, 2015|date= June 17, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234554/http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/03/daily-chart|archive-date= October 15, 2015|dead-url= no|df= mdy-all}}</ref> Pada 2015, Tokyo dinobatkan sebagai Kota Paling Layak Huni di dunia oleh majalah ''[[Monocle (majalah BR)|Monocle]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/|title=The Monocle Quality of Life Survey 2015 – Film|publisher=|access-date=August 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814223203/http://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/|archive-date=August 14, 2015|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Michelin|Panduan Michelin]] sejauh ini telah memberi Tokyo bintang Michelin terbanyak di dunia.<ref name=michelin20101124>{{cite web |url=http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/ |script-title=ja:「ミシュランガイド東京・横浜・鎌倉2011」を発行 三つ星が14軒、二つ星が54軒、一つ星が198軒に |publisher=Michelin Japan |date=November 24, 2010 |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129012353/http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/ |archive-date=November 29, 2010 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2901640.ece|title=Tokyo is Michelin's biggest star|work=The Times|date=November 20, 2007|access-date=February 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012200057/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2901640.ece|archive-date=October 12, 2011|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tokyo menduduki peringkat pertama dari enam puluh kota dalam Indeks Kota Aman 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://safecities.economist.com/infographics/safe-cities-index-infographic/|title=Safe Cities Index 2015 Infographic – NEC: Safe Cities|date=January 7, 2015|publisher=|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031165733/http://safecities.economist.com/infographics/safe-cities-index-infographic/|archive-date=October 31, 2015|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> QS Best Student Cities menempatkan Tokyo sebagai kota terbaik ke-3 di dunia untuk menjadi mahasiswa di tahun 2016<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2016#sorting=rank+custom=rank+order=desc+search=|title=QS Best Student Cities 2016|work=Top Universities|access-date=December 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090025/http://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2016#sorting=rank+custom=rank+order=desc+search=|archive-date=December 22, 2015|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> dan ke-2 di tahun 2018.<ref>
{{Cite news
|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2018
Baris 107 ⟶ 106:
|work=Top Universities
|access-date=July 12, 2018|language=en
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214310/https://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2018
|archive-date=July 4, 2018
|dead-url=no
|df=mdy-all
}}
</ref>
Baris 950 ⟶ 953:
Beberapa sutradara Hollywood telah beralih ke Tokyo sebagai latar belakang untuk pembuatan film di Jepang. Contoh-contoh film pascaperang antara lain ''[[Tokyo Joe (1949 film)|Tokyo Joe]]'', ''[[My Geisha]]'', ''[[Tokyo Story]]'' dan film [[James Bond]] bertajuk ''[[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]''. Contoh-contoh film keluaran terbaru antara lain ''[[Kill Bill]]'', ''[[The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift]]'', ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'', ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'', dan ''[[Inception]]''.
Penulis Jepang [[Haruki Murakami]] mengambil Tokyo sebagai latar dari beberapa novelnya (termasuk novel [[Norwegian Wood]]). Dua novel pertama [[David Mitchell]] ([[Number9dream|''number9dream'']] dan [[Ghostwritten (novel)|''Ghostwritten'']]) juga menampilkan kota tersebut. Pelukis Inggris kontemporer [[Carl Randall]] menghabiskan 10 tahun tinggal di Tokyo sebagai seorang seniman berandal, menciptakan karya yang menggambarkan jalan-jalan kota yang ramai dan ruang publik.<ref name="BBC World Service - Carl Randall interview">{{citation | title= BBC World Service: World Update. 'Carl Randall – Painting the faces in Japan's crowded cities'. | publisher= BBC World Service | year= 2016 | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03mt7rn | access-date= December 21, 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227232234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03mt7rn | archive-date= December 27, 2016 | dead-url= no | df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="BBC News - Carl Randall interview">{{citation | title= BBC News. 'Painting the faces in Japan's crowded cities'. | publisher= BBC News – Arts & Entertainment | year= 2016 | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35841387 | access-date= July 21, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170222002416/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35841387 | archive-date= February 22, 2017 | dead-url= no | df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Tokyo Portraits by Carl Randall">{{citation | title= 'Tokyo Portraits by Carl Randall'. | publisher= The Daiwa Anglo Japanese Foundation, London | year= 2014 | url= http://www.dajf.org.uk/exhibitions/tokyo-portraits-by-carl-randall-2 | access-date= December 21, 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161221234253/http://www.dajf.org.uk/exhibitions/tokyo-portraits-by-carl-randall-2 | archive-date= December 21, 2016 | dead-url= no | df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="BP Portrait Award 2013">{{citation | title= 'The BP Portrait Awards 2013'. | publisher= The National Portrait Gallery, London | year= 2012 | url= http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/bp-portrait-award-2013/the-exhibition/exhibitors/bp-2013-exhibitor-6.php | access-date= December 21, 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170206151037/http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/bp-portrait-award-2013/the-exhibition/exhibitors/bp-2013-exhibitor-6.php | archive-date= February 6, 2017 | dead-url= no | df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Japan Portraits">{{citation | title= 'Japan Portraits'. | publisher= Carl Randall – artist website | year= 2016 | url= http://www.carlrandall.com/japan-portraits | access-date= December 21, 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161221092002/http://www.carlrandall.com/japan-portraits/ | archive-date= December 21, 2016 | dead-url= no | df= mdy-all }}</ref>
== Hubungan Internasional ==
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