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=== Hubungan dengan eukariota ===
Hubungan evolusi antara arkea dan [[eukariota]] masih belum jelas. Selain dari kesamaan dalam struktur
Faktor yang memperrumit termasuk klaim bahwa hubungan antara eukariota dan filum arkea [[Crenarchaeota]] lebih dekat daripada hubungan antara [[Euryarchaeota]] dan filum Crenarchaeota<ref>{{
cite journal |author=Lake JA |title=Origin of the eukaryotic nucleus determined by rate-invariant analysis of rRNA sequences |journal=Nature |volume=331 |issue=6152 |pages=184–6 |date=January 1988 |pmid=3340165 |doi=10.1038/331184a0|bibcode = 1988Natur.331..184L }}</ref> dan adanya gen seperti-arkea pada bakteri tertentu, seperti ''[[Thermotogae|Thermotoga maritima]]'', dari [[transfer gen horizontal]].<ref>{{
cite journal |author=Nelson KE, Clayton RA, Gill SR |title=Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima |journal=Nature |volume=399 |issue=6734 |pages=323–9 |year=1999 |pmid=10360571 |doi=10.1038/20601 |last12=Utterback |first12=TR |last13=Malek |first13=JA |last14=Linher |first14=KD |last15=Garrett |first15=MM |last16=Stewart |first16=AM |last17=Cotton |first17=MD |last18=Pratt |first18=MS |last19=Phillips |first19=CA |last20=Richardson |first20=D |last21=Heidelberg |first21=J |last22=Sutton |first22=GG |last23=Fleischmann |first23=RD |last24=Eisen |first24=JA |last25=White |first25=O |last26=Salzberg |first26=SL |last27=Smith |first27=HO |last28=Venter |first28=JC |last29=Fraser |first29=CM |bibcode=1999Natur.399..323N|author2=and others |displayauthors=1 |last3=Gill |last4=Gwinn |last5=Dodson |last6=Haft |last7=Hickey |last8=Peterson |last9=Nelson |last10=Ketchum |last11=McDonald }}</ref> Hipotesis standar menyatakan bahwa nenek moyang eukariota
cite journal |author=Gouy M, Li WH |title=Phylogenetic analysis based on rRNA sequences supports the archaebacterial rather than the eocyte tree |journal=Nature |volume=339 |issue=6220 |pages=145–7 |date=May 1989 |pmid=2497353 |doi=10.1038/339145a0|bibcode = 1989Natur.339..145G |last2=Li }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Yutin N, Makarova KS, Mekhedov SL, Wolf YI, Koonin EV |title=The deep archaeal roots of eukaryotes |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |date=May 2008 |pmid=18463089 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msn108 |url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msn108v1 |volume=25 |pages=1619–30 |issue=8 |pmc=2464739|last2=Makarova |last3=Mekhedov |last4=Wolf |last5=Koonin }}</ref> dan bahwa eukariota muncul melalui fusi dari
cite journal |author=Lake JA. |title=Origin of the eukaryotic nucleus determined by rate-invariant analysis of rRNA sequences |journal=Nature |volume=331 |issue=6152 |pages=184–6 |year=1988 |pmid=3340165 |doi=10.1038/331184a0|bibcode = 1988Natur.331..184L }}</ref> Sebuah hipotesis alternatif, [[hipotesis eosit]], berpendapat bahwa [[Eukaryota]] muncul relatif terlambat dari Archaea.<ref name=2domains>{{cite journal |first1=Tom A. |last1= Williams |first2=Peter G. |last2=Foster |first3=Cymon J. |last3=Cox |first4=T. Martin |last4=Embley |title=An archaeal origin of eukaryotes supports only two primary domains of life |journal=Nature |volume=504 |issue=7479 |pages=231–236 |date=December 2013 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v504/n7479/full/nature12779.html |doi=10.1038/nature12779 |pmid=24336283|bibcode= 2013Natur.504..231W }}</ref>
Sebuah garis keturunan
Sampai saat ini, beberapa filum saudara dari "Lokiarchaeota" telah ditemukan ("[[Thorarchaeota]]", "[[Odinarchaeota]]", "[[Heimdallarchaeota]]"), semuanya membentuk sebuah supergrup Asgard yang baru diajukan, yang mungkin merupakan takson saudara dari TACK.<ref name="NCBI taxonomy page on Archaea" /><ref name="ZN_Asgard2017"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seitz|first1=Kiley W.|last2=Lazar|first2=Cassandre S.|last3=Hinrichs|first3=Kai-Uwe|last4=Teske|first4=Andreas P.|last5=Baker|first5=Brett J.|title=Genomic reconstruction of a novel, deeply branched sediment archaeal phylum with pathways for acetogenesis and sulfur reduction |journal=ISME Journal |date=2016 |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=1696–1705 |doi=10.1038/ismej.2015.233 |pmid=26824177}}</ref> Rincian dari hubungan anggota Asgard dan eukariota masih dalam pertimbangan.
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