Bencana Chernobyl: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Appendix to Nuclear Power Reactors. WNA.2016</ref><ref>[http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/28/047/28047194.pdf rbmk nuclear power plants: generic safety issues - IAEA 1996]</ref>

 

== Ulasan ==

 

Bencana dimulai ketika sedang dilakukan pengujian sistem tanggal 26 April 1986 di reaktor nomor 4 pembangkit Chernobyl yang letaknya dekat [[Pripyat]] dan dekat dengan perbatasan administratif dengan [[Belarusian SSR|Belarus]] dan Sungai [[Dnieper]]. Kemudian terjadi lonjakan energi secara tiba-tiba dan tak diduga, dan ketika sedang mencoba mematikan darurat, terjadi lonjakan daya sangat tinggi yang menyebabkan [[tangki reaktor]] pecah diikuti serangkaian ledakan uap. Kejadian ini melepaskan [[moderator neutron]] [[grafit]] di reaktor ke udara, sehingga menyala.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml |title=Frequently Asked Chernobyl Questions |date=May 2005 |accessdate=23 March 2011 |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency – Division of Public Information |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223010003/http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml |archivedate=23 February 2011 }}</ref>{{discuss}} Kebakaran yang dihasilkan berlangsung seminggu penuh dan melepaskan debu partikel radioaktif ke atmosfer secara meluas, termasuk Pripyat. Debu kemudian tersebar ke kawasan [[Uni Soviet]] bagian barat dan Eropa. Menurut data resmi pasca-Soviet,<ref>{{cite book |title=International Chernobyl Portal chernobyl.info |last1=ICRIN Project |year=2011 |url=http://chernobyl.info/Default.aspx?tabid=294 |accessdate=2011}}</ref><ref name="IAEA">{{cite book |title= Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: Twenty years of experience. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ‘Environment’ |publisher= International Atomic Energy Agency|year=2006 |location=Vienna |isbn=92-0-114705-8<!--NOTE:fails checksum test but it is the isbn published by the source --> |page= 180 |url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1239_web.pdf |accessdate=13 March 2011}}</ref> sekitar 60% debu jatuh di Belarus.

Insiden ini juga meningkatkan perhatian mengenai [[budaya keamanan]] di industri tenaga nuklir Soviet, menurunkan pertumbuhan industri dan memaksa pemerintah untuk lebih terbuka mengenai prosedurnya.<ref name=Kagarlitsky>{{cite book |title=The New Detente: Rethinking East-West Relations |chapter=Perestroika: The Dialectic of Change|last=Kagarlitsky|first=Boris|editor=[[Mary Kaldor]] |editor2=Gerald Holden |editor3=[[Richard A. Falk]] |year=1989|publisher=United Nations University Press|isbn=0-86091-962-5}}</ref><ref name=Kagarlitsky group=notes>"No one believed the first newspaper reports, which patently understated the scale of the catastrophe and often contradicted one another. The confidence of readers was re-established only after the press was allowed to examine the events in detail without the original censorship restrictions. The policy of openness ([[glasnost]]) and 'uncompromising criticism' of outmoded arrangements had been proclaimed at the 27th Congress (of [[Communist Party of Soviet Union|KPSS]]), but it was only in the tragic days following the Chernobyl disaster that glasnost began to change from an official slogan into an everyday practice. The truth about Chernobyl that eventually hit the newspapers opened the way to a more truthful examination of other social problems. More and more articles were written about drug abuse, crime, corruption and the mistakes of leaders of various ranks. A wave of 'bad news' swept over the readers in 1986–87, shaking the consciousness of society. Many were horrified to find out about the numerous calamities of which they had previously had no idea. It often seemed to people that there were many more outrages in the epoch of [[perestroika]] than before although, in fact, they had simply not been informed about them previously." -Kagarlitsky pp. 333–334</ref> Pemerintah yang berusaha menutup-nutupi bencana ini menjadi "katalis" "catalyst" for [[glasnost]], yang "memuluskan jalan bagi reformasi yang berakhir pada kolapsnya Soviet".<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chernobyl cover-up a catalyst for ‘glasnost’|url = http://www.nbcnews.com/id/12403612/ns/world_news-europe/t/chernobyl-cover-up-catalyst-glasnost/|accessdate = 2015-06-21|date = 24 April 2006|publisher = [[Associated Press]]}}</ref>

 

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