Perpustakaan Aleksandria: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada tahun 642, Aleksandria [[penaklukan Mesir oleh Muslim|direbut oleh pasukan Muslim]] yang dipimpin oleh [[Amru bin Ash]]. Beberapa sumber sejarah ber[[bahasa Arab]] menjelaskan tentang kehancuran perpustakaan ini atas perintah dari [[Khalifah]] [[Umar bin Khattab]].<ref>De Sacy, ''Relation de l’Egypte par Abd al-Latif'', Paris, 1810: "Above the column of the pillars is a dome supported by this column. I think this building was the portico where Aristotle taught, and after him his disciples; and that this was the academy that Alexander built when he built this city, and where was placed the library which Amr ibn-Alas burned, with the permission of Omar." Google books here [https://books.google.com/books?id=NGrRAAAAMAAJ]. Terjemahan De Sacy dari sini [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4926] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081440/http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4926 |date=11 Mei 2011 }}. Versi lain bisa dilihat di sini [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4936] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915061814/http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4936 |date=15 September 2010 }}.</ref><ref>Samir Khalil, «L’utilisation d’al-Qifṭī par la Chronique arabe d’Ibn al-‘Ibrī († 1286)», dalam Samir Khalil Samir (Éd.), Actes du IIe symposium syro-arabicum (Sayyidat al-Bīr, septembre 1998). Études arabes chrétiennes, = Parole de l'Orient 28 (2003) 551–598. An English translation of the passage in Al-Qifti by Emily Cottrell of Leiden University is at the Roger Pearse blog here [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=5004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081446/http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=5004 |date=11 May 2011 }}</ref> [[Bar-Hebraeus]] juga menulis pada abad ketigabelas bahwa Umar pernah berkata kepada [[Ioannes Filoponos|Yaḥyā al-Naḥwī]]: "Jika buku-buku tersebut sesuai dengan Quran, kami tidak membutuhkannya; dan jika bertentangan dengan Quran, hancurkanlah."<ref>Ed. Pococke, hlm.181, terjemahan hlm.114. Naskah daring dapat dilihat di sini: [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4936] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915061814/http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=4936 |date=15 September 2010 }}. Latin: “Quod ad libros quorum mentionem fecisti: si in illis contineatur, quod cum libro Dei conveniat, in libro Dei [est] quod sufficiat absque illo; quod si in illis fuerit quod libro Dei repugnet, neutiquam est eo [nobis] opus, jube igitur e medio tolli.” Jussit ergo Amrus Ebno’lAs dispergi eos per balnea Alexandriae, atque illis calefaciendis comburi; ita spatio semestri consumpti sunt. Audi quid factum fuerit et mirare."</ref> Para pakar dari zaman berikutnya (termasuk Romo [[Eusèbe Renaudot]] pada tahun 1793), meragukan kebenaran kisah ini akibat rentang waktu antara kejadiannya dengan masa ketika kisah tersebut ditulis, sehingga terdapat kemungkinan bahwa penulis yang membuat kutipan tersebut denganmemiliki motifniatan politik.<ref>E. Gibbon, ''Decline and Fall'', chapter 51: "It would be endless to enumerate the moderns who have wondered and believed, but I may distinguish with honour the rational scepticism of Renaudot, (Hist. Alex. Patriarch, p. 170: ) historia ... habet aliquid ut απιστον ut Arabibus familiare est." However Butler says: "Renaudot thinks the story has an element of untrustworthiness: Gibbon discusses it rather briefly and disbelieves it." (ch.25, p.401)</ref><ref>''The civilisation of Arabs'', Book no III, 1884, reedition of 1980, hlm. 468</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/3517|title=The Vanished Library by Bernard Lewis|work=nybooks.com|access-date=26 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116003731/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/3517|archive-date=16 November 2006|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{sfn|Trumble|MacIntyre Marshall|2003|p=51|ps=.&nbsp;"Today most scholars have discredited the story of the destruction of the Library by the Muslims."}}{{sfn|MacLeod|2000|p=71|ps=.&nbsp;"The story first appears 500 years after the Arab conquest of Alexandria. John the Grammarian appears to be John Philoponus, who must have been dead by the time of the conquest. It seems, as shown above, that both of the Alexandrian libraries were destroyed by the end of the fourth century, and there is no mention of any library surviving at Alexandria in the Christian literature of the centuries following that date. It is also suspicious that Omar is recorded to have made the same remark about books found by the Arab during their conquest of Iran."}}