Sistem imun: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sistem imun tubuh, khususnya sistem imun bawaan, memainkan peran yang menentukan dalam perbaikan jaringan setelah cedera.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Julie E.|last2=Barbul|first2=Adrian|date=2004-05-01|title=Understanding the role of immune regulation in wound healing|url=http://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(03)00296-4/fulltext|journal=The American Journal of Surgery|language=English|volume=187|issue=5|pages=S11–S16|doi=10.1016/s0002-9610(03)00296-4|issn=0002-9610|pmid=15147986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burzyn|first=Dalia|last2=Kuswanto|first2=Wilson|last3=Kolodin|first3=Dmitriy|last4=Shadrach|first4=Jennifer L.|last5=Cerletti|first5=Massimiliano|last6=Jang|first6=Young|last7=Sefik|first7=Esen|last8=Tan|first8=Tze Guan|last9=Wagers|first9=Amy J.|date=2013-12-05|title=A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S009286741301413X|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=155|issue=6|pages=1282–1295|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.054|issn=0092-8674|pmc=3894749|pmid=24315098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Leoni|first=G.|last2=Neumann|first2=P.-A.|last3=Sumagin|first3=R.|last4=Denning|first4=T. L.|last5=Nusrat|first5=A.|date=September 2015|title=Wound repair: role of immune–epithelial interactions|url=http://www.nature.com/mi/journal/v8/n5/full/mi201563a.html|journal=Mucosal Immunology|language=en|volume=8|issue=5|pages=959–968|doi=10.1038/mi.2015.63|issn=1933-0219|pmc=4916915|pmid=26174765}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wynn|first=Thomas A.|last2=Vannella|first2=Kevin M.|date=2016-03-15|title=Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S107476131630053X|journal=Immunity|language=English|volume=44|issue=3|pages=450–462|doi=10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015|issn=1074-7613|pmc=4794754|pmid=26982353}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Laurent|first=Paôline|last2=Jolivel|first2=Valérie|last3=Manicki|first3=Pauline|last4=Chiu|first4=Lynn|last5=Contin-Bordes|first5=Cécile|last6=Truchetet|first6=Marie-Elise|last7=Pradeu|first7=Thomas|date=2017|title=Immune-Mediated Repair: A Matter of Plasticity|url=http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00454/full#B9|journal=Frontiers in Immunology|language=English|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00454|issn=1664-3224|pmc=5403426|pmid=28484454}}</ref> Komponen kunci termasuk makrofag dan [[neutrofil]], juga komponen seluler lainnya termasuk [[Sel T gamma delta|sel T γδ]], [[sel limfoid bawaan]] (ILC), dan sel T regulator (Treg). Makrofag memainkan peran dominan dalam pemulihan homeostasis jaringan dengan membersihkan pecahan komponen seluler (debris sel), renovasi matriks ekstraseluler (''extracellular matrix'', ECM), dan menyintesispenyintesisan berbagai sitokin dan faktor pertumbuhan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Julier|first=Ziad|last2=Park|first2=Anthony J.|last3=Briquez|first3=Priscilla S.|last4=Martino|first4=Mikaël M.|date=2017-04-15|title=Promoting tissue regeneration by modulating the immune system|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742706117300661|journal=Acta Biomaterialia|volume=53|pages=13–28|doi=10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.056|issn=1742-7061}}</ref> Dalam konteks penyembuhan jaringan, sel T γδ epitel dendritik (''dendritic epithelial γδT cell'', DETC) merupakan bagian sel yang sudah dikarakterisasi dengan baik. DETC memiliki morfologi seperti sel dendritik pada kulit tikus, dan mereka merespons dalam beberapa jam terhadap kerusakan jaringan kulit dengan mengeluarkan kemokin dan TNF-α untuk menarik makrofag. Selain itu, DETC mempercepat perbaikan jaringan dengan mensekresi faktor pertumbuhan dan sitokin seperti IGF-1, KGF-1 (FGF-7), KGF-2 (FGF-10), IL-22, dan IL-17A.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramirez|first=Kevin|last2=Witherden|first2=Deborah A.|last3=Havran|first3=Wendy L.|date=2015-07-01|title=All hands on DE(T)C: Epithelial-resident γδ T cells respond to tissue injury|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008874915000891|journal=Cellular Immunology|series=Gamma delta T cells: 30 years post-discovery|volume=296|issue=1|pages=57–61|doi=10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.04.003|issn=0008-8749|pmc=PMC4466205|pmid=25958272}}</ref> Plastisitas sel-sel imun dan keseimbangan antara sinyal pro-inflamasi dan anti-inflamasi merupakan aspek penting dari perbaikan jaringan yang efisien.<ref name=":0" />