Pemakaman kenegaraan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
→Asia/Pasifik: Penambahan konten Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
→Eropa: Perbaikan kesalahan pengetikan, penambahan konten Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
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Baris 492:
== Eropa ==
==={{flagicon|Azerbaijan}}Azerbaijan===
{{main|Kematian dan pemakaman kenegaraan Heydar Aliyev}}
[[File:Церемония прощания с Гейдаром Алиевым. Возложение венка.jpg|thumb|The coffin with the body of Heydar Aliyev Palace of the Republic]]
A state funeral was held for President [[Heydar Aliyev]] in 2003. Former president [[Abulfaz Elchibey]] was also accorded a state funeral upon his death.
==={{flagicon|BEL}} Belgium===
[[File:Pompa funebris Albert Ardux - Escalatieres.jpg|thumb|Pompa Funebris [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert VII]]]]
State funerals in Belgium need three conditions: playing the national anthem, the presence of the King or one of his representatives and the presence of the national flag on the coffin. State funerals were held for all the kings and queens of Belgium, for some royal family members and for former prime ministers.
==={{flagicon|DEN}} Denmark===
On 29 August 1945, two years after the German occupation force in Denmark had dissolved the Danish army and navy, a state funeral was held for 106 killed members of the Danish resistance at their execution site which was thus inaugurated as the memorial cemetery that would later become [[Ryvangen Memorial Park]]. While flags were flying half-mast throughout Copenhagen 106 hearses drove from the [[Royal Stables (Denmark)|Christiansborg Riding Grounds]] through the city to Ryvangen, where bishop [[Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard]] led the funeral with participation from the royal family, the [[Cabinet of Vilhelm Buhl II|government]] and representatives of the resistance movement.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.mindelundenryvangen.dk/historie.html | title= Historie - Mindelunden Ryvangen |trans-title=History - Ryvangen Memorial Park | publisher= Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs | accessdate= 2015-05-31 | language= da | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045124/http://www.mindelundenryvangen.dk/historie.html | archivedate= 2014-11-29 | df= }}</ref>
==={{flagicon|CZE}} Czech Republic===
A state funeral was held for the former President [[Václav Havel]] in 2011.
==={{flagicon|FIN}} Finland===
In Finland state funerals are primarily reserved for former presidents but the honour has been granted to long-serving prime ministers, speakers of the parliament, and other distinguished citizens as well. In the 1990s the criteria for awarding a state funeral were considerably specified, so as not to diminish the prestige of the affair.
79 people have been awarded the honour of state funeral, among them:
* 1921 [[Juhani Aho]], author, the first person honoured with a state funeral in Finland
* 1926 [[Eino Leino]], author and poet
* 1947 [[Vera Hjelt]], member of Parliament, pioneer of work safety in Finland
* 1951 [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]], the Marshal of Finland and the 6th President of Finland
* 1952 [[Miina Sillanpää]], the first female minister in Finland
* 1956 [[Risto Ryti]], the 5th President of Finland
* 1957 [[Jean Sibelius]], composer
* 1966 [[Hannes Kolehmainen]], the first Finnish Olympic medalist (long-distance running)
* 1966 [[Wäinö Aaltonen]], sculptor
* 1973 [[Paavo Nurmi]], the most successful Finnish Olympic medalist (long-distance running)
* 1976 [[Armas Taipale]], Olympic medalist (discus)
* 1980 [[Rafael Paasio]], former Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament
* 1982 [[Ville Ritola]], Olympic medalist (long-distance running)
* 1986 [[Urho Kekkonen]], the 8th President of Finland
* 1987 [[Ella Eronen]], actress
* 1989 [[Tapani Niku]], Olympic medalist (cross-country skiing)
* 1990 [[Ahti Karjalainen]], former Prime Minister
* 1992 [[Väinö Linna]], author
* 1995 [[Väinö Valve]], general
* 2000 [[Johannes Virolainen]], former Prime Minister, Counsellor of State
* 2004 [[Kalevi Sorsa]], former Prime Minister
* 2004 [[Adolf Ehrnrooth]], General of the Infantry
* 2011 [[Harri Holkeri]], former Prime Minister, Counsellor of State
* 2017 [[Mauno Koivisto]], the 9th President of Finland
==={{flagicon|FRA}} France===
The state funerals (''obsèques nationales'') are awarded by [[decree]] of the [[President of the French Republic]] to especially eminent Frenchmen and women. It was held for writers [[Victor Hugo]] (1885), [[Maurice Barrès]] (1923), [[Paul Valéry]] (1945), [[Colette]] (1954) and [[Aimé Césaire]] (2008),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000018663517 Décret du 18 avril 2008 relatif aux obsèques nationales d'Aimé Césaire], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 93 du 19 avril 2008, p. 6562, texte No. 1, [[Système NOR|NOR]] HRUX0810057D, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> Generals [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|Jacques Leclerc]] (1947),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000316051 Loi No. 47-2293 du 6 décembre 1947 portant ouverture de crédits pour les funérailles nationales du général Leclerc], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 288 du 7 décembre 1947, pp. 11950–11951, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> [[Henri Giraud|Giraud]] (1949)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000310037 Loi No. 49-338 du 14 mars 1949 portant que le général d'armée Giraud (Henri-Honoré), qui a commandé en chef devant l'ennemi, sera inhumé dans l'Hôtel national des Invalides et portant ouverture de crédits pour ses funérailles nationales], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 64 du 15 mars 1949, pp. 2643–2644, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> et [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny|de Lattre de Tassigny]] (1952)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000888682 Loi No. 52-53 du 15 janvier 1952 portant ouverture de crédits pour les funérailles nationales du général de Lattre de Tassigny], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 13 du 16 janvier 1952, p. 659, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> and politicians [[Georges Coulon]] (1912), [[Albert Lebrun]] (1951),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000693157 Loi No. 50-1616 du 31 décembre 1950 portant ouverture de crédit pour les obsèques de M. Albert Lebrun, ancien Président de la République française], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 1 du 1<sup>er</sup> janvier 1951, p. 7, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> [[Léon Blum]] (1951)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000886658 Loi No. 51-13 du 4 janvier 1951 portant ouverture de crédit pour les obsèques de M. Léon Blum, ancien président du conseil], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 5 du 5 janvier 1951, p. 228, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> and [[Édouard Herriot]] (1957)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000501083 Loi No. 57-390 du 28 mars 1957 relative aux obsèques nationales de M. Édouard Herriot, Président d'honneur de l'Assemblée nationale], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 75 du 29 mars 1957, p. 3267, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> An even higher honour is burial in the [[Panthéon de Paris]].
==={{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland===
{{Main article|List of Irish state funerals}}
==={{flagicon|ITA}} Italy===
[[File:Sandro Pertini32.jpg|thumbnail|State funeral of [[General]] [[Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa]], his wife Emanuela Setti Carraro and agent Domenico Russo, [[assassinated]] by the [[Sicilian mafia]] on 3 September 1982. In the front row among others are [[List of Presidents of Italy|President]] [[Sandro Pertini]] and [[List of Prime Ministers of Italy|Prime Minister]] [[Giovanni Spadolini]].]]
In [[Italy]] state funerals are granted<ref name=ItaSF>{{cite web|title=Protocol for State Funerals and National Mourning|url=http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/esequie.html|publisher=Official website of the Italian Government - Department of State Ceremonies}}</ref> by law to the Presidents of the constitutional entities, such has the [[President of Italy|Presidency]], the [[Italian Parliament|Parliament]], the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Government]] and the [[Constitutional Court (Italy)|Constitutional Court]], even after their terms have expired, and to [[Cabinet of Italy|Ministers]] who died during their [[term in office]]. State Funerals can also be granted, by decree of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Council of Ministers]], to people who gave particular services to the [[Italy|country]]; to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] that brought honor to the [[Italy|nation]]; or to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] who died in the line of duty, or were victims of either [[terrorism]], or [[organized crime]].
The official protocol provides for<ref name="ItaSF"/>
* the coffin surrounded by six members in high uniform of either the [[Carabinieri]] or the same [[Armed forces of Italy|Armed Force]] the departed belonged to;
* an [[Guard of honour|honor guard]] to the coffin at the entrance and the exit of the place in which the ceremony is held;
* the presence of one representative of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Government]];
* an official commemorative oration;
* other honors that can be arranged by the [[Prime minister of Italy|Prime Minister]].
For the funeral of the [[President of Italy|President]] or a [[List of Presidents of Italy|former President]] the six members of the [[Carabinieri]], who carry the coffin, belong to the special branch of the [[Corazzieri]].
Public mourning, either [[National day of mourning|national]] or [[Mourning|local]], is declared following the dispositions of the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]'s decrees. The [[Flag of Italy|flags]] are flown at [[half-mast]] outside of public buildings, while inside they display two [[Black ribbon#Sign of mourning|black ribbons]], with the exceptions provided for military flags, when required by [[military protocol]].<ref name="ItaSF"/> The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] gives instructions to the [[List of diplomatic missions of Italy|Italian embassies and consulates around the world]], and can ask the [[Foreign relations of Italy|foreign embassies and consulates]] in [[Italy]] to fly their [[List of flags|flags]] at [[half-mast]].
If the departed held a public office, the body can [[Lying in state|lie in state]] in the building of the office's institution. In other cases it is followed the will of the family, the traditions of the office or the local customs.<ref name="ItaSF"/> The family of the departed chooses the place in which the funeral will take place, in consultations with the [[Cabinet of Italy|Government]]'s Department of State Ceremonies.
Outside of the cases provided for by the protocol, for example during [[Natural disaster|natural events]] that deeply impact the community, solemn funerals can be arranged<ref name="ItaSF"/> and the six people who carry the coffins are members of the [[Protezione Civile|Civil Protection]].
==={{flagicon|MLT}} Malta===
State Funerals have been held for presidents, prime ministers and archbishops.
The last state funeral held for the [[President of Malta]] was that of [[Censu Tabone]] on March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120315-the-state-funeral-of-president-censu-tabone|title=Updated: The state funeral of President Censu Tabone|date=16 March 2012|work=[[Maltastar]]|accessdate=16 March 2012}}</ref>
The last state funeral held for the [[Prime Minister of Malta]] was that of [[Dom Mintoff]] on August 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120825/local/a-funeral-route-marked-by-important-symbols.434215|title=Updated: Mintoff state funeral, emotions as coffin is carried into St John's|date=25 August 2012|work=[[Times of Malta]]|accessdate=25 August 2012}}</ref>
==={{flagicon|NED}} Netherlands===
The royal funerals of [[Prince Claus]], [[Queen Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard]] are the only royal funerals that were denoted state funerals; previous royal funerals were considered private affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/overlijden|title=Overlijden|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npogeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/2013/augustus/Prins-Johan-Friso.html|title=Home - Andere Tijden|first=|last=NTR|website=Andere Tijden|accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref> The only non-royal Dutchman who is considered to have received a state funeral was [[J. B. van Heutsz|Joannes van Heutsz]] in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlementairdocumentatiecentrum.nl/id/vg09llzb6jzy|title=Parlementair Documentatie Centrum Universiteit Leiden - J.B. van Heutsz|website=www.parlementairdocumentatiecentrum.nl|accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref>
==={{flagicon|POL}} Poland===
{{main article|Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska}}
Poland held a state funeral for [[President of Poland]] [[Lech Kaczyński]] and his wife, [[Maria Kaczyńska]], on April 18, 2010 after he and 95 others perished in a [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|plane crash]].
==={{flagicon|RUS}} Russia===
{{main article|Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin}}
{{main article|Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev}}
{{main article|Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin}}
In [[Russia]], during the time of the [[Soviet Union]] (1917-1991), the state funerals of the most senior political and military leaders were staged as massive events with millions of mourners all over the [[USSR]]. The ceremonies held after the deaths as [[Vladimir Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Leonid Brezhnev]], [[Yuri Andropov]] and [[Konstantin Chernenko]] all followed the same basic outline. They took place in Moscow, began with a public [[lying in state]] of the deceased in the [[House of the Unions]] and ended with an interment at the [[Red Square]]. The most notable examples of such state funerals during the Soviet period of [[Russian history]] are the ceremonies that were held for Lenin and Stalin, and for the [[death and funeral of Leonid Brezhnev]].
[[File:Dom Soyuzov B-Dmitrovka Moscow.jpg|thumb|The [[House of the Unions]] in Moscow]]
In the second half of the 20th century, whenever a [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|General Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] died, the event would first be officially acknowledged by Soviet radio and television. After several days of [[national mourning]], the deceased would be given a state funeral and then buried. Soviet state funerals were often attended by foreign heads of state, heads of government, foreign ministers and other dignitaries from abroad. Following the death of General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] in 1982, there were five days of national mourning. Following the death of General Secretary [[Yuri Andropov]] in 1984, a four-day period of nationwide mourning was announced.
The state funeral for a deceased General Secretary would be arranged, managed and prepared by a special committee of the Communist Party that would be formed for the occasion. As the funeral committee would normally be chaired by the deceased's successor, the preparations for Soviet state funerals were usually followed with great interest by foreign [[political scientist]]s trying to gauge power shuffles within the Communist Party. The allocation of responsibilities during the funeral, appointment of [[pallbearers]] and positions within the [[order of precedence]] observed during the televised funeral ceremonies in Moscow could often be interpreted as a clue for the future position of [[Politburo]] members within the Party. When, after Brezhnev's death in 1982, Yuri Andropov was elected chairman of the committee in charge of Brezhnev's funeral, this was seen as a first sign by [[First World]] commentators that Andropov might be the most likely candidate for the position of General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite book | author = [[Stephen K. White|White, Stephen]] | title = Russia's new politics: the management of a postcommunist society | location = | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2000 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sacq-LFeS9YC&dq | isbn = 978-0-521-58737-2 | page = 211 }}</ref>
<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:A dead Brezhnev.jpg|thumb|[[Leonid Brezhnev]] [[lying in state]] at the [[House of the Unions]], November 1982]] -->
Prior to interment, the body of the deceased General Secretary would lie in state in the Pillar Hall of the [[House of the Unions]] which was decorated by numerous [[red flag (politics)|red flags]] and other [[communist symbolism|communist symbols]]. The mourners, which usually would be brought in by the thousands, shuffled up a marble staircase beneath chandeliers draped in black gauze. On the stage at the left side of the Pillar Hall, amid a veritable garden of flowers, a full orchestra in black tailcoats would play classical music. The deceased's [[embalmed]] body, dressed in a black suit, white shirt and a tie, would be displayed in an open coffin on a [[catafalque]] banked with carnations, red roses and tulips, facing the long queue of mourners. A small [[guard of honour]] would be in attendance in the background. At the right side of the hall there would be placed seats for guests of honour, with the front row reserved for the dead leader's family.
On the day of the funeral, final ceremonies would be held at the Pillar Hall during which the lid of the coffin would be temporarily closed. The coffin would then be carried out of the House of the Unions and placed on a [[gun carriage]] drawn by a military vehicle. A funeral parade would then convey the coffin from the House of the Unions to the Red Square. Two officers led the funeral parade, carrying a large portrait of the deceased, followed by a group of numerous soldiers carrying red floral wreaths. A group of general officers would come next, carrying the late leader's decorations and medals on small red cushions. Behind them, the coffin rested atop a gun carriage. Walking immediately behind were the members of the deceased's family. The Politburo leaders, wearing red armbands, came next and led the last group of official mourners. At Brezhnev's funeral, the escort of official mourners included forty-four persons.
As the coffin reached the middle of the Red Square, it would be removed from the carriage and placed on a red-draped [[bier]] facing the [[Lenin Mausoleum]], with its lid removed. After a series of funeral speeches, which were delivered by military and political leaders (typically including the deceased's successor as General Secretary, as well as 'ordinary' workers) from the balcony of the Lenin Mausoleum, the coffin would be carried in a procession around the mausoleum to the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]] just behind it. There, with the most senior mourners looking on, the coffin would be placed on a red-draped bier and the mourners would pay last respects. The coffin's lid would then be closed for the final time and the body lowered into the ground by two men, with handfuls of earth thrown onto the coffin by the senior mourners. The grave would be filled in immediately afterward, while the mourners were still present to watch. [[Gun salute]]s would be fired, [[Siren (noisemaker)|sirens]] sounded around the [[Kremlin]] and the [[National Anthem of the Soviet Union|Soviet national anthem]] be played. This marked the end of the interment. The senior mourners would then return to the balcony of the Lenin Mausoleum to review a parade on Red Square while the [[military band]] would play [[March (music)|quick march]]es. This concluded the state funeral.
With small deviations, the described protocol was roughly the same for the state funerals of Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev, [[Yuri Andropov]] and [[Konstantin Chernenko]]. Lenin and Stalin were placed inside the [[Lenin Mausoleum]] while the others were interred in individual graves in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]] located behind the mausoleum along the actual [[Moscow Kremlin Wall|Kremlin wall]]. Stalin's body would lie beside Lenin's in the mausoleum until being moved to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis several years after his death.
In April 2007, Russian Federation's first President [[Boris Yeltsin]] was buried in state funeral after church ceremony at [[Novodevichy Cemetery]]. He was the first Russian leader and head of state in 113 years to be buried in a church ceremony, after [[Czar|Emperor]] [[Alexander III of Russia]].
==={{flagicon|SVK}} Slovakia===
A state funeral was held for the former President [[Michal Kováč]] in 2016.
==={{flagicon|CH}} Switzerland===
[[File:Zentralbibliothek Solothurn Ernst Klöti 2314.JPG|thumb|The [[funeral procession]] of [[Henri Guisan]] in [[Lausanne]] (1960).]]
In 1960, the [[funeral procession]] of [[Henri Guisan]] gathered more than 120'000 people in [[Lausanne]].<ref>{{fr}} Gilles Simond, [https://www.24heures.ch/vivre/histoire/Le-13-avril-1960-le-peuple-suisse-emu-a-dit-adieu-a-son-general/story/31045085 "Le 13 avril 1960, le peuple suisse, ému, a dit adieu à son général"], ''[[24 heures (Switzerland)|24 heures]]'', 13 April 2016 (page visited on 17 May 2018)</ref>
==={{flagicon|GBR}} United Kingdom===
{{Main article|State funerals in the United Kingdom}}
{{see also|Vigil of the Princes|Funeral of Edward VII}}
A state or ceremonial funeral consists of a military procession where the coffin is borne on a gun carriage from the private resting chapel to [[Westminster Hall]]. In a state funeral the gun carriage is pulled by members of the [[Royal Navy]]. In a royal ceremonial funeral, the gun carriage is pulled by horses, as opposed to servicemen. The body usually lies in state in Westminster Hall for three days. This is then followed by a funeral service at [[Westminster Abbey]] or [[St. Paul's Cathedral]]. Many of the features of a state funeral are shared by other types of funerals—a royal ceremonial funeral (for example, that of [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]) often has a [[lying in state]] and Westminster Abbey service. The real distinction between a state funeral and a royal ceremonial funeral is that a state funeral requires a motion or vote in Parliament. State funerals are usually reserved for sovereigns, though on rare occasions, they may be granted to distinguished citizens with exceptional contributions to the country. Other members of the royal family, or occasionally politicians, typically receive ceremonial funerals instead.
The most recent state funeral was that of [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]] in 1965. Although technically following her divorce from the Prince of Wales in 1996, [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] was no longer a member of the Royal Family, and as such not entitled to a state or ceremonial funeral, the large outpouring of public grief following her death led then-Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] to recommend a ceremonial funeral because she was the mother of Princes [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|William]] and [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Harry]], who were then respectively second and third in the [[line of succession to the British throne]]. [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] and [[Margaret Thatcher|Margaret, Baroness Thatcher]] also received ceremonial funerals.
==={{flagicon|YUG}} Ex Yugoslavia ===
{{main article|Death and funeral of Josip Broz Tito}}
A massive state funeral was held for the late President [[Josip Broz Tito]] on 8 May 1980 in [[Belgrade]], the capital city of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]]. It was the largest funeral of a statesman in the 20th century, with 129 delegations from all around the world.Tito's funeral drew many statesmen to Belgrade. Notably absent statesmen from funeral were Jimmy Carter and Fidel Castro. His death came in the moment when Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ended American-Soviet détente. Yugoslavia, although a communist state, was non-aligned during the Cold War and fearful that the nation might be invaded like Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan. After learning that Chinese Premier Hua Guofeng would lead the delegation of China, ailing Leonid Brezhnev decided to lead the Soviet delegation. In order to avoid meeting with Leonid Brezhnev and the middle of electoral campaign for the 1980 United States Presidential election, Carter opted to send his mother Lilian Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale as heads of the US delegation. After realizing that leaders of all Warsaw Pact nations would attend the funeral, Carter's decision was criticized by Presidential candidate George H. W. Bush as sign that the United States "inferentially slams Yugoslavs at time that country has pulled away from Soviet Union".[10] Carter visited Yugoslavia later in June 1980 and made a visit to Tito's grave.[11][12]
Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of West Germany was the most active statesman, meeting with Brezhnev, Erich Honecker and Edward Gierek. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sought to rally world leaders in order to harshly condemn the Soviet invasion.[citation needed] While she was in Belgrade, she held talks with Kenneth Kaunda, Schmidt, Francesco Cossiga and Nicolae Ceaușescu. Brezhnev met with Kim Il-sung and Honecker. James Callaghan, President of the British Labour Party explained his presence in Belgrade as attempt to warm relations between his party and Yugoslav communists, severed more than a decade ago after dissident Milovan Đilas was welcomed by Jennie Lee, Minister for the Arts under Harold Wilson. Mondale avoided Soviets, ignoring Brezhnev while passing close to him. Soviet and Chinese delegations also avoided each other.[citation needed]
Tito was interred on May 8 twice. First interment was for cameras and dignitaries. Grave was shallow with only 200 kg replica of sarcophagus. Second interment was held privately during the night.[citation needed] His coffin was removed, shallow grave was deepened. Coffin was enclosed with copper mask and interred again into much deeper grave which was sealed with cement and topped with a 9-ton sarcophagus.[citation needed] Communist officials were afraid that someone might steal the corpse, similarly to what happened to Charlie Chaplin. However, the 9 ton sarcophagus had to be put in place with a crane, which would make funeral unattractive.
==={{flagicon|MKD}} Macedonia===
Since proclaiming independence in 1991, by law the presidents and prime ministers are entitled to a funeral with state honors, but by a decision of government its possible for other senior officials and distinguished persons with great merit for the state to be buried with state honors.
The largest state funeral was held in 2004 for President [[Boris Trajkovski]] and the funeral was attended by 47 foreign delegations. Among others that are buried with state honors, are the first prime minister of independent Macedonia [[Nikola Kljusev]] and the famous singer [[Toše Proeski]].
== Galeri ==
== Lihat pula ==
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