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| state = act
| image = Canberra montage 2.jpg
| caption = <small>Canberra, dari kiri atas ke kanan bawah&ndash;pemandanganbawah–pemandangan kota dari [[Mount Ainslie]], poros [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Old Parliament House]] dan [[Parliament House, Canberra|New Parliament House]], [[Australian War Memorial]], [[National Carillon]], [[National Gallery of Australia]] dan [[National Library of Australia]] di [[Lake Burley Griffin]]</small>
| image2 = Free printable and editable vector map of Canberra Australia.svg
| caption2 = Peta kota Canberra
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Karena banyak aparatur sipil di kota ini, Pemerintah Persemakmuran menyumbang sebagian besar Produk Bruto Negara Bagian dan merupakan penyedia lapangan pekerjaan tunggal terbesar di Canberra. Bila dibandingkan dengan angka rata-rata nasional, tingkat pengangguran di Canberra lebih rendah dan pendapatan rata-ratanya lebih tinggi; tingkat pendidikan tersier lebih tinggi, sedangkan penduduknya semakin muda. Harga properti relatif tinggi karena peraturan pembangunan yang cukup ketat.
 
== Etimologi ==
Masyarakat umum mengklaim "Canberra" berasal dari kata {{lang|xul|Kambera}} atau {{lang|xul|Canberry}} yang berarti "tempat bertemu" dalam [[bahasa Ngunnawal]], salah satu bahasa pribumi yang dituturkan suku [[Aborigin Australia]] di daerah ini sebelum pemukim Eropa datang, tetapi tidak ada bukti kuat untuk klaim tersebut.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55185386 |title=Place Names |newspaper=[[The Australian Women's Weekly]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110327163310/http://www.trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/55185386|archivedate=27 March 2011|deadurl=no |location=1932–1982 |date=13 May 1964 |accessdate=22 February 2011 |page=61 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Definisi alternatifnya diklaim oleh beberapa sejarawan setempat, termasuk tetua adat Ngunnawal bernama Don Bell. Menurut mereka, {{lang|xul|Canberra}} atau {{lang|xul|Nganbra}} berarti "payudara perempuan" dan merupakan nama yang dipakai suku pribumi untuk menyebut dua pegunungan, [[Black Mountain (Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia)|Black Mountain]] dan [[Mount Ainslie]], yang letaknya hampir berseberangan.<ref name=Frei>{{cite web |last=Frei |first=Patricia |title=Discussion on the Meaning of 'Canberra' |url=http://www.canberrahistoryweb.com/meaningofcanberra.htm |work=Canberra History Web |publisher=Patricia Frei |accessdate=11 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927182307/http://www.canberrahistoryweb.com/meaningofcanberra.htm |archivedate=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Pada tahun 1860-an, pemilik koran [[Queanbeyan]], [[John Gale (jurnalis)|John Gale]], menulis bahwa Canberra merupakan interpretasi {{lang|xul|nganbra}} atau {{lang|xul|nganbira}} yang berarti "celah antara payudara perempuan" dan mengacu kepada daerah aliran sungai [[Sullivans Creek]] yang membelah Mount Ainslie dan Black Mountain.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.crispinhull.com.au/book-on-canberra/chapter-2-european-settlement-and-the-naming-of-canberra |title=Canberra – Australia's National Capital |chapter=European settlement and the naming of Canberra |last=Hull |first= Crispin |accessdate=7 June 2010 |publisher=Crispin Hull }}</ref> Peta yang dibuat Major Mitchell tahun 1830-an mencantumkan "Nganbra" di daerah aliran sungai Sullivan's Creek di antara dua pegunungan tersebut. "Nganbra" atau "Nganbira" mungkin diingriskan menjadi "Canberry" dan menjadi populer di kalangan pemukim Eropa.
 
Dalam buku ''Notes on the Native Flora of New South Wales, Part X, the Federal Capital Territory'' (1919), R. H. Cambage menulis bahwa Joshua John Moore, pemukim pertama di daerah ini, memberi nama Canberry pada tahun 1823 dan menyatakan bahwa "nama aslinya sudah pasti dari bahasa pribumi, tetapi artinya tidak diketahui."'<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Cambage, Richard Hind |author2=Linnean Society of New South Wales |title=Notes on the native flora of New South Wales. Part X, The Federal Capital Territory |publication-date=1919 |publisher=Linnean Society of New South Wales |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22545595 |accessdate=14 October 2013 |ref=harv }}</ref> Peta survei daerah tahun 1837 mencantumkan nama ''Canberry Plain''. Pada tahun 1920, sejumlah pemukim tua di daerah ini mengaku bahwa namanya berasal dari nama buah [[Lissanthe sapida|cranberry Australia]] yang tumbuh lebat di sana dan disebut ''canberry'' oleh warga setempat. Canberra umumnya diucapkan {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|n|b|ə|r|ə}} atau {{IPAc-en|k|æ|n|ˈ|b|ɛr|ə}}, tetapi diucapkan {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|n|b|r|ə}} saat namanya diresmikan tahun 1913.<ref name="Frei" />
 
== Sejarah ==
{{Main article|Sejarah Canberra}}
{{See also|Sejarah Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia}}
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Sebelum [[Sejarah Australia (1788–1850)|bangsa berkulit putih datang]], daerah tempat Canberra saat ini berdiri dihuni secara musiman oleh [[Pribumi Australia]]. Antropolog [[Norman Tindale]] memperkirakan bahwa suku dominan yang menetap di daerah ini adalah [[suku Ngunnawal]], sedangkan suku [[Ngarigo]] tinggal di sebelah selatan ACT, suku Wanandian di sebelah timur, suku Walgulu di sebelah selatan, [[suku Gandangara]] di sebelah utara, dan suku [[Wiradjuri]] di sebelah barat laut. Bukti arkeologi yang ditemukan di daerah ini adalah rumah batu, lukisan dan pahatan batu, kuburan, kemah dan tambang pasir, dan peralatan batu.<ref name="Gillespie84">{{cite book|last=Gillespie|first=Lyall|title=Aborigines of the Canberra Region|publisher=Wizard (Lyall Gillespie)|location=Canberra|year=1984|pages=1–25|isbn=0-9590255-0-2}}</ref> Berdasarkan artefak yang ditemukan, manusia mulai beraktivitas di daerah ini sekitar 21.000 tahun yang lalu.<ref>{{citation|last1=Flood|first1=J. M.|last2=David|first2=B.|last3=Magee|first3=J.|last4=English|first4=B.|year=1987|title=Birrigai: a Pleistocene site in the south eastern highlands|journal=Archaeology in Oceania|volume=22|pages=9–22}}</ref>
 
[[FileBerkas:Historic Blundells' Cottage.jpg|leftkiri|upright=1.15|thumbjmpl|[[Blundells Cottage]], dibangun sekitar tahun 1860,<ref name=BLUNDELL>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=234:blundells-cottage&catid=57:ql-menu-visiting&Itemid=197 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501223848/http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=234%3Ablundells-cottage&catid=57%3Aql-menu-visiting&Itemid=197 |archivedate=1 May 2013 |title=Blundells Cottage |publisher=National Capital Authority |accessdate=13 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> adalah salah satu bangunan yang dibangun oleh pemukim kulit putih pertama di Canberra.]]
Bangsa Eropa mulai menjelajahi dan bermukim di Canberra pada tahun 1820-an.<ref>{{citation|url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/canberra-australias-capital-city|publisher=Australian Government|title=Canberra – Australia's capital city|date=4 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212004359/http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/canberra-australias-capital-city|archivedate=12 February 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=5}}{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|pp=3-8}} Ada empat ekspedisi sejak 1820 sampai 1824.{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=5}}{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|pp=3-8}} Bangsa kulit putih mendirikan permukiman di sini pada tahun 1823; sebuah rumah ternak dibangun di semenanjung Acton oleh penjaga ternak yang bekerja untuk Joshua John Moore.{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|p=9}} Tanahnya secara resmi dibeli oleh Moore pada tanggal 16 Desember 1826 dan diberi nama "Canberry". Tanggal 30 April 1827, Moore diberitahu melalui surat bahwa ia boleh memegang kepemilikan lahan seluas {{convert|1000|are|0|abbr=on}} di Canberry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29891172 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728133212/http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/29891172|deadurl=no|archivedate=28 July 2013|title=LETTERS. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=31 January 1934 |accessdate=8 October 2012 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
 
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Bangunan pemerintah tertua yang masih berdiri di pusat kota adalah [[St John the Baptist Church, Reid]]{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=116}} yang diresmikan tahun 1845.{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|p=78}}{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=17}} Tempat pemakaman pertama di daerah ini terletak di pekarangan gereja St John.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiancemeteries.com/act/stjohns.htm |last=Weatherill|first=David |year=2007|title=Church of St John the Baptist Cemetery|publisher=The Heraldry & Genealogy Society of Canberra|accessdate=7 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403094643/http://www.australiancemeteries.com/act/stjohns.htm|archivedate=3 April 2013|deadurl=no }}</ref> Seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk Eropa, jumlah penduduk pribumi semakin menyusut akibat wabah cacar dan campak.<ref name=canb/>
 
=== Pencarian lahan ===
[[FileBerkas:Parliamenthouse2.jpg|thumbjmpl|upright=1.15|rightka|Pembukaan [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]] pada bulan Mei 1927.]]
Perubahan status daerah ini dari desa di [[New South Wales]] menjadi ibu kota negara dilakukan di tengah perdebatan [[Federasi Australia|Federasi]] pada akhir abad ke-19.{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=92}}{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|pp=220-230}} Setelah lama memperdebatkan kepatutan Sydney atau Melbourne sebagai ibu kota negara,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to Australian History|editor1-last=Davison|editor1-first=Graeme|editor2-last=Hirst|editor2-first=John|editor3-last=Macintyre|editor3-first=Stuart|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=464–465, 662–663|isbn=9780195535976|ref=harv}}</ref> kompromi akhirnya tercapai: ibu kota baru akan dibangun di New South Wales asalkan berjarak {{convert|100|mi|km|-1}} dari Sydney{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=92}} sedangkan Melbourne menjadi pusat pemerintahan sementara (tetapi tidak disebut "ibu kota") saat ibu kota baru sedang dibangun.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=24}} Taipan media [[John Gale (wartawan)|John Gale]] mengirim selebaran berjudul '[[Dalgety, New South Wales|Dalgety]] or Canberra: Which?' yang mendukung pemilihan Canberra kepada setiap anggota parlemen negara bagian dan federal. Menurut para sejarawan, selebaran ini berperan penting dalam penetapan Canberra sebagai lokasi ibu kota pada tahun 1908. Demikian halnya dengan survei lahan oleh [[surveyor]] pemerintah, [[Charles Scrivener]].{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=93}} Pemerintah NSW menyerahkan Federal Capital Territory (nama waktu itu) ke pemerintah federal.{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=92}}
 
Sayembara desain internasional dibuka oleh Departemen Dalam Negeri pada tanggal 30 April 1911 sampai 31 Januari 1912. Sayembara ini diboikot oleh [[Royal Institute of British Architects]], [[Institution of Civil Engineers]], dan lembaga-lembaga terkait di seluruh Imperium Britania karena Menteri Dalam Negeri [[King O'Malley]] ingin menentukan pemenangnya sendiri dan tidak melibatkan ahli tata kota.<ref name=tom>Tom Lawrence, "The competition for the plan of Canberra", in supplement "Australia - 100 Years a Nation", ''The Canberra Times'', 1 January 2001</ref> Sebanyak 137 entri sah dikirimkan ke panitia. O'Malley membentuk dewan beranggotakan tiga orang untuk memberi masukan, tetapi mereka gagal mencapai suara bulat. Pada 24 Mei 1911,{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=100}} O'Malley berpihak dengan suara mayoritas dan rancangan [[Walter Burley Griffin]] dan [[Marion Mahony Griffin]] dari [[Chicago]], [[Amerika Serikat]], dinyatakan sebagai pemenang.{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|p=178}}{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=160-166}} Pemenang kedua adalah [[Eliel Saarinen]] dari Finlandia. Pemenang ketiga adalah [[Alfred Agache (arsitek)|Alfred Agache]] dari Brasil yang tinggal di Paris, Perancis.<ref name=tom/> O'Malley kemudian membentuk dewan beranggotakan enam orang untuk memberi masukan terhadap tindak lanjut rancangan pemenang sayembara. Pada 25 November 1912, dewan memberitahu bahwa mereka tidak menyetujui seluruh rancangan Griffin dan menyarankan rancangan alternatifnya sendiri yang memadukan bagian-bagian terbaik dari tiga pemenang sayembara serta rancangan keempat karya H. Caswell, R.C.G. Coulter, dan W. Scott-Griffiths dari Sydney (hak ciptanya sudah dibeli oleh dewan). Rancangan terpadu ini didukung oleh Parlemen dan disetujui oleh O'Malley pada 10 Januari 1913.<ref name=tom/> Tahun 1913, Griffin diangkat sebagai Direktur Rancangan dan Pembangunan Ibu Kota Federal dan pembangunan pun dimulai.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=63}} Pada 23 Februari, King O'Malley meletakkan batu pertama pembangunan ibu kota negara Canberra.
 
=== Ibu kota ===
Tahun 1912, pemerintah meminta masukan masyarakat soal nama calon ibu kota. Hampir 750 nama disarankan ke pemerintah. Pada siang tanggal&nbsp;12 Maret 1913,{{sfn|Gillespie|1991|p=303}}<ref>{{citation|url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/historical/naming-federal-capital/clip3/|archivedate=17 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217062840/http://aso.gov.au/titles/historical/naming-federal-capital/clip3/|deadurl=no|publisher=National Film and Sound Archive|work=Australian Screen|title=Naming the Federal Capital of Australia|year=1913}}</ref> kota ini secara resmi diberi nama "Canberra" oleh [[Gertrude Denman, Baroness Denman|Lady Denman]], istri Gubernur Jenderal [[Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman|Lord Denman]], dalam sebuah upacara di Kurrajong Hill,{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=103}}{{sfn|Australian Bureau of Statistics|1963}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Px7vFz9HIK0|title=View Naming the Federal Capital of Australia|date=12 March 1913}}</ref> kini Capital Hill sekaligus tempat berdirinya [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]].{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=105}} [[Canberra Day]] adalah hari libur umum di ACT yang jatuh pada Senin kedua bulan Maret untuk merayakan berdirinya kota Canberra.<ref name=canb>{{cite web|url=http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/canberra/ |title=Canberra – Australia's capital city|publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=4 February 2010 |accessdate=23 April 2010|archivedate=10 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410090632/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/canberra/}}</ref> Usai upacara, masalah birokrasi menghambat proyek Griffin;{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=70-71}} tahun 1916, Komisi Kerajaan memutuskan bahwa kewenangan Griffin dilimpahkan ke pejabat-pejabat tertentu{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=101}} dan rancangan aslinya dikembalikan. Hubungan Griffin dengan pemerintah Australia retak. Ketika Griffin dipecat pada tahun 1920, proyek ini berjalan sangat lambat akibat kurangnya anggaran.{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=4}}{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=69-79}} Saat itu, Griffin sudah merevisi rancangannya, memantau pembangunan jalan raya,<ref name=act>{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=171 |title=History of the NCA |publisher=National Capital Authority |date=11 June 2009 |accessdate=26 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212091704/https://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=171|archivedate=12 February 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> dan mendirikan Glenloch Cork Plantation.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tams.act.gov.au/live/heritage/heritage_assets/duntroon_wollshed |title=Glenloch Cork Oak Plantation |publisher=Territory and Municipal Services |accessdate=26 February 2010| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080721193100/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/live/heritage/heritage_assets/duntroon_wollshed| archivedate = 21 July 2008}}</ref>
 
Parlemen Persemakmuran pindah ke Canberra tanggal 9 Mei 1927 melalui peresmian [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Provisional Parliament House]].{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=130}}<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://moadoph.gov.au/blog/witness-to-history-the-opening-of-the-provisional-parliament-house-in-1927/|title=Witness to history: the opening of the Provisional Parliament House in 1927|publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House|author=Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513125119/http://moadoph.gov.au/blog/witness-to-history-the-opening-of-the-provisional-parliament-house-in-1927/|date=12 April 2010|archivedate=13 May 2013|ref=harv}}</ref> Beberapa hari sebelumnya, kediaman [[Perdana Menteri Australia|Perdana Menteri]] [[Stanley Bruce]]{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=101}} dipindahkan secara resmi ke [[The Lodge (Australia)|The Lodge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/bruce/spouse.aspx |title=Ethel Bruce – Stanley Melbourne Bruce – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=23 April 2010|archivedate=11 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211195353/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/bruce/spouse.aspx|deadurl=no}}</ref> Pengembangan kota melambat ketika [[Depresi Besar di Australia|depresi]] tahun 1930-an dan Perang Dunia&nbsp;II.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=125-128}} Beberapa proyek yang rencananya dibangun waktu itu, termasuk katedral [[Katolik Roma di Australia|Katolik Roma]] dan [[Gereja Anglikan Australia|Anglikan]], tidak pernah terwujud.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|pp=116-126}}
 
[[FileBerkas:Lake-ParlHouse.JPG|rightka|upright=1.35|thumbjmpl|Dua tengaran paling terkenal di Canberra, [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]] dan [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Old Parliament House]] (depan). Commonwealth Place membentang di pinggir danau bersama International Flag Display. [[Questacon]] terletak di sebelah kanan.]]
Sejak 1920 hingga 1957, tiga lembaga, yaitu [[Federal Capital Advisory Committee]],{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=115}} [[Federal Capital Commission]],{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=128}} dan [[National Capital Planning and Development Committee]] terus merencanakan perluasan Canberra tanpa Griffin bersaudara; namun demikian, Griffin bersaudara hanya berstatus penasihat{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=113}} dan keputusan pembangunan diambil tanpa berkonsultasi dengan mereka sehingga semakin tidak efisien.<ref name=act/>
 
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Kampus [[Australian National University]] yang baru saja rampung mulai diperluas.{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=18}} Sejumlah patung dan tugu juga dibangun.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=173-174}} [[National Library of Australia|National Library]] yang baru dibangun di Parliamentary Triangle, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembangunan [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] dan [[National Gallery of Australia|National Gallery]].{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=116}}{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=138}} Kota-kota pinggiran di [[Canberra Central]] (biasa disebut [[North Canberra]] dan [[South Canberra]]) dikembangkan lebih lanjut pada&nbsp;1950-an.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|p=250}} Pengembangan kota di [[Pinggiran kota Canberra#Distrik|distrik]] [[Woden Valley]] dan [[Belconnen]] masing-masing dimulai pada pertengahan dan akhir 1960-an.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=180}} Banyak kota pinggiran baru yang namanya berasal dari nama politikus Australia seperti [[Edmund Barton|Barton]], [[Alfred Deakin|Deakin]], [[George Reid (politikus Australian)|Reid]], [[Edward Braddon|Braddon]], [[John Curtin|Curtin]], [[Ben Chifley|Chifley]], dan [[Henry Parkes|Parkes]].{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|p=6}}
 
[[FileBerkas:City Centre viewed from Mount Ainslie lookout.jpg|thumbjmpl|upright=1.35|rightka|[[City, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Canberra Civic]] dilihat dari [[Mount Ainslie]] dengan latar [[w:Lake Burley Griffin|Lake Burley Griffin]] dan [[Mount Stromlo]].]]
 
Pada tanggal 9 Mei 1988,<ref name=pho/> Parliament House permanen yang lebih besar dibuka di Capital Hill dalam rangka ulang tahun ke-200 Persemakmuran Australia.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=116}}{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=138}} Parlemen Persemakmuran pindah ke sana dari Provisional Parliament House, kini bernama Old Parliament House.<ref name=pho>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/features/aph/page01.htm |title=Australian Parliament House – 10 Years On |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 May 1998 |accessdate=23 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418161119/http://www.abc.net.au/news/features/aph/page01.htm|archivedate=18 April 2010}}</ref>
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Sepanjang tahun 2013, pemerintah menyelenggarakan berbagai kegiatan dalam rangka ulang tahun ke-100 pemberian nama Canberra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canberra100.com.au/about |title=About the Centenary of Canberra |publisher=Centenary of Canberra unit – ACT Government |accessdate=8 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218210025/http://www.canberra100.com.au/about/ |archivedate=18 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Pada 11 Maret 2014, hari terakhir dalam perayaan 100 tahun ini, [[Canberra Centenary Column]] diresmikan di [[City Hill]]. Karya lainnya adalah [[The Skywhale]], balon udara yang dirancang oleh pemahat [[Patricia Piccinini]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sculpture as hot-air balloon - a whale of a commission|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/cmcd/2013/sculpture-as-hot-air-balloon-a-whale-of-a-commission|work=Media release|publisher=ACT Chief Minister and Cabinet Directorate|accessdate=12 May 2013}}</ref> dan ''StellrScope'' karya seniman media visual [[Eleanor Gates-Stuart]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maher|first1=Louise|title=StellrScope: Swirling art and science|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/08/06/3819290.htm|website=666 ABC Canberra|publisher=ABC|accessdate=3 April 2017}}</ref>
 
== Geografi ==
[[FileBerkas:Canberra SPOT 1088.jpg|thumbjmpl|Canberra dari luar angkasa]]
 
Canberra memiliki luas {{convert|814.2|km2|abbr=out}}<ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/tools_resources/planning_data |title=Planning Data Statistics |publisher=[[Australian Capital Territory Planning and Land Authority|ACT Planning & Land Authority]] |date=21 July 2009 |accessdate=13 May 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080802163103/http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/tools_resources/planning_data |archivedate = 2 August 2008}}</ref> dan terletak dekat [[Brindabella Ranges]], kurang lebih {{convert|150|km}} dari [[Pesisir Timur Australia|pesisir timur Australia]]. Ketinggiannya sekitar {{convert|580|m|ft|-1}} [[Australian Height Datum|AHD]];<ref name=bom>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/canberra/climate.shtml |title=Climate of Canberra Area |accessdate=13 May 2010 |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712100903/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/canberra/climate.shtml |archivedate=12 July 2009 |df= }}</ref> titik tertingginya adalah [[Mount Majura]] di ketinggian {{convert|888|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/news/local/news/general/lady-luck-or-lucky-lady/250543.aspx?storypage=0 |title=Lady luck or lucky lady? |work=[[The Queanbeyan Age]] |date=19 July 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303151249/http://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/news/local/news/general/lady-luck-or-lucky-lady/250543.aspx?storypage=0|archivedate=3 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/13686/cnpmapmajura.pdf | title=Canberra Nature Park: Mt Majura Nature Reserve | year=2004 | publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services | accessdate=13 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326060951/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/13686/cnpmapmajura.pdf|archivedate=26 March 2012}}</ref> Pegunungan rendah lainnya di Canberra adalah [[Mount Taylor (Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia)|Mount Taylor]] {{convert|855|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/390593/cnpmapmttaylor.pdf | title=Canberra Nature Park: Mt Taylor Nature Reserve | year=2004 | publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services | accessdate=24 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501123641/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/390593/cnpmapmttaylor.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2013}}</ref> [[Mount Ainslie]] {{convert|843|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/390597/cnpmapmtainslie.pdf | title=Canberra Nature Park: Mt Ainslie Nature Reserve | year=2004 | publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services | accessdate=24 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501162251/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/390597/cnpmapmtainslie.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2013}}</ref> Mount Mugga Mugga {{convert|812|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/390591/cnpmapmugga.pdf | title=Canberra Nature Park: Mt Mugga Mugga Nature Reserve | year=2004 | publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services | accessdate=24 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501132032/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/390591/cnpmapmugga.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2013}}</ref> dan [[Black Mountain (Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia)|Black Mountain]] {{convert|812|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/390595/cnpmapblackmountain.pdf | title=Canberra Nature Park: Black Mountain Nature Reserve | year=2004 | publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services | accessdate=24 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501120016/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/390595/cnpmapblackmountain.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|p=28}}
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Hutan asli di Canberra hampir sepenuhnya terdiri dari spesies [[eukaliptus]] dan menjadi sumber bahan bakar dan keperluan rumah tangga. Pada awal 1960-an, pembalakan hutan mengurangi populasi eukaliptus. Persoalan kualitas air memaksa hutan ditutup. Penelitian hutan dimulai tahun 1915 melalui uji tanam beberapa spesies pohon seperti ''[[Pinus radiata]]'' di lereng Mount Stromlo. Sejak saat itu, perkebunan terus diperluas sehingga mampu mengurangi erosi di waduk Cotter. Hutan menjadi tempat rekreasi populer.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=Ron|year=2003|title=Inquiry into the Operational Response to the January 2003 Bushfires in the ACT|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/113939/McLeodInquiry.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514031921/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/113939/McLeodInquiry.pdf|deadurl=no|archivedate=14 May 2013|location=Canberra, ACT|isbn=0-642-60216-6|ref=harv}}</ref>
 
[[FileBerkas:Canberra Map-MJC.png|thumbjmpl|rightka|Lokasi Canberra di [[Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|ACT]]. Distrik utama Canberra berwarna kuning: [[Canberra Central]] (ditandai North Canberra dan South Canberra), [[Woden Valley]], [[Belconnen]], [[Weston Creek]], [[Tuggeranong]], dan [[Gungahlin]].]]
Wilayah perkotaan Canberra berdiri di [[Ginninderra|dataran Ginninderra]], [[dataran Molonglo]], dataran Limestone, dan [[Tuggeranong|dataran Tuggeranong]] (dataran Isabella).{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|loc=inside cover}} [[Sungai Molonglo]] yang mengalir ke dataran Molonglo dibendung untuk mengisi [[Lake Burley Griffin]] yang kini menjadi ikon Canberra.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=131-132}} Sungai ini kemudian mengalir ke [[Sungai Murrumbidgee]] di sebelah barat laut Canberra, lalu mengalir ke barat laut menuju kota Yass di New South Wales. [[Sungai Queanbeyan]] bergabung dengan Sungai Molonglo di Oaks Estate, ACT.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|loc=inside cover}}
 
Sejumlah sungai kecil, termasuk Jerrabomberra dan Yarralumla Creek, mengalir ke sungai Molonglo dan Murrumbidgee.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|loc=inside cover}} Dua sungai kecil di antaranya, Ginninderra dan Tuggeranong, dibendung untuk mengisi danau [[Lake Ginninderra|Ginninderra]] dan [[Lake Tuggeranong|Tuggeranong]].{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=181-182}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/water_catchments/urban_water_catchments/lakeginninderra |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130628011309/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/water_catchments/urban_water_catchments/lakeginninderra |dead-url=yes |archive-date=28 June 2013 |title=Lake Ginninderra |publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services |accessdate=17 September 2013 }}</ref>{{sfn|Williams|2006|p=260}} Sungai Molonglo dulu sering meluap tinggi; daerah ini merupakan dataran banjir sebelum Lake Burley Griffin dibendung.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=4-7, 13-14}}<ref name="NCA_ Scrivener">{{cite book|title=Scrivener Dam|publisher=[[National Capital Authority]]|pages=1–2|url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/downloads/education_and_understanding/factsheets/20ScrivenerDam.pdf|accessdate=2 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501233910/http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/downloads/education_and_understanding/factsheets/20ScrivenerDam.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2013|format=PDF}}</ref>
 
=== Iklim ===
Menurut [[sistem klasifikasi iklim Köppen-Geiger|klasifikasi Köppen-Geiger]], Canberra memiliki [[iklim samudra]] (''Cfb'').<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Canberra – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/118/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref> Pada bulan Januari, bulan terpanas, suhu rata-rata tertingginya sekitar {{convert|28|C|F|abbr=on}}; pada bulan Juli, bulan terdingin, suhu rata-ratanya jatuh hingga sekitar {{convert|11|C|F|abbr=on}}. [[Ibun]] cukup lazim saat musim dingin. Salju jarang turun di CBD (distrik bisnis pusat), tetapi daerah-daerah sekitarnya dihujani salju setiap musim dingin dan kadang-kadang pegunungan bersalju bisa dilihat dari CBD—hujan salju besar terakhir di pusat kota terjadi pada tahun 1968.<ref name=bom/> Suhu maksimum tertinggi yang tercatat adalah {{convert|42.2|°C}} pada tanggal 1 Februari 1968<ref name=bom/> atau {{convert|42.8|°C}} di [[Acton, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Acton]] tanggal 11 Januari 1939.<ref>{{Cite journal|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |title=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/b5186097bad6b76cca256b3400819cd1 |archivedate=12 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125015/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs%40.nsf/0/b5186097bad6b76cca256b3400819cd1 |date=25 January 2002 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Tahun 2011 menandai musim dingin terpanas sepanjang sejarah Canberra dengan suhu {{convert|2|C-change|0}} di atas rata-rata.<ref>{{cite news|title=Canberra's warmest winter|work=abc.net.au|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-31/warmest-canberra-winter/2864086|date=31 August 2011|accessdate=28 August 2016}}</ref> Dampak perubahan iklim di Canberra dibuktikan oleh kenaikan suhu setiap tahun.<ref> https://climateactioncanberra.org/</ref> [[FileBerkas:Canberra warming.jpg|thumbjmpl|Perubahan suhu di Canberra]]
 
Suhu minimum terendah yang tercatat adalah {{convert|−10.0|°C}} pada pagi tanggal 11 Juli 1971.<ref name=bom/> Hujan salju ringan terjadi sekali atau dua kali per tahun dan biasanya tidak meluas dan cepat hilang.<ref name=bom/> Canberra berbatasan dengan [[Brindabella Ranges]] di sebelah barat sehingga menciptakan bayangan hujan di lembah-lembah Canberra.<ref name=bom/> Canberra mengalami 100,4 hari cerah setiap tahun.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070014_All.shtml | title = Climate statistics for Australian locations: Canberra Airport Comparison| publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |accessdate =3 September 2011 }}</ref>
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}}
 
=== Struktur kota ===
{{Main article|Pinggiran kota Canberra}}
[[FileBerkas:Inner-canberra 01MJC.png|rightka|thumbjmpl|Inner Canberra menghadirkan beberapa aspek rencana Griffin, termasuk [[Parliamentary Triangle, Canberra|Parliamentary Triangle]].]]
[[FileBerkas:Tuggeranong-Valley-lr-cropped.jpg|thumbjmpl|Pemandangan dari [[Tuggeranong Hill]] ke arah Tuggeranong Valley]]
 
Canberra adalah [[kota baru|kota terencana]]. Inti kotanya awalnya dirancang oleh [[Walter Burley Griffin]], seorang arsitek kenamaan abad ke-20 dari Amerika Serikat.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=60-63}} Jalan raya di pusat kota dekat Lake Burley Griffin berpola melingkar, bukan kotak-kotak.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=67}} Rencana Griffin memiliki banyak pola geometri seperti jalan raya segi enam dan segi delapan terpusat yang membentang ke berbagai penjuru.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=67}} Akan tetapi, daerah terluar kota yang dibangun belakangan tidak dirancang secara geometris.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=10-120}}
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== Pemerintahan ==
[[FileBerkas:Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly and the statue Ethos.jpg|thumbjmpl|Majelis Legislatif ACT dan patung ''Ethos'' (Tom Bass, 1961)]]
 
Di luar Canberra, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia tidak memiliki permukiman yang ukurannya lebih besar daripada desa. [[Majelis Legislatif Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia]] berfungsi sebagai [[dewan kota]] dan pemerintah wilayah.<ref name=govt>{{cite web | url=http://www.legassembly.act.gov.au/education/role-of-the-assembly.asp | publisher=[[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly for the ACT]] | year=2010 | title=Role of the Assembly | accessdate=13 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527141718/http://www.legassembly.act.gov.au/education/role-of-the-assembly.asp | archivedate=27 May 2010 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Majelis ini beranggotakan 25 orang yang dipilih dari lima distrik secara proporsional. Kelima distrik ini adalah [[daerah pemilihan Brindabella|Brindabella]], [[daerah pemilihan Ginninderra|Ginninderra]], [[daerah pemilihan Kurrajong|Kurrajong]], [[daerah pemilihan Murrumbidgee|Murrumbidgee]], dan [[daerah pemilihan Yerrabi|Yerrabi]], masing-masing diwakili lima anggota.<ref name="elecpage">{{cite web|title=Electorates 2016 election|url=http://www.elections.act.gov.au/electoral_boundaries/electorates/electorates_2016_election|publisher=Elections ACT|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref>
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Karena hampir semua penduduk ACT tinggal di Canberra, tren politik kedua daerah ini selalu sama. ACT pertama kali diwakili di parlemen federal pada tahun 1949 dengan jumlah satu kursi di DPR, [[Divisi Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia]].{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=289}}<ref name= 1948act/> Anggota ACT hanya bisa menggunakan hak pilih dalam persoalan yang berdampak langsung terhadap wilayahnya.<ref name=1948act>{{cite web|title=ACT Representation (House of Representatives) Act 1974 (Cth) |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-116.html |accessdate=29 January 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216225427/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-116.html |archivedate=16 December 2017}}</ref> Tahun 1974, ACT mendapat dua kursi Senat, dan kursinya di DPR dipecah menjadi dua.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=289}} Kursi ketiga dibentuk tahun 1996, tetapi dihapus tahun 1998 karena perubahan persebaran demografi daerah.<ref name=ABCelections2007/>
[[FileBerkas:Government House in Canberra, ACT.jpg|thumbjmpl|[[Government House, Canberra|Government House]], kediaman resmi [[Gubernur Jenderal Australia]].]]
Dua kursi DPR hampir selalu dipegang oleh Partai Buruh, biasanya dengan selisih suara tinggi.<ref name=ABCelections2007>{{cite web |title=Canberra |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/guide/canb.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=31 January 2010 }}</ref><ref name=fras>{{cite web |title=Fraser |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/guide/fras.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date= 29 December 2007 |accessdate=31 January 2010 }}</ref> Partai Buruh sedikitnya tujuh persen lebih unggul daripada [[Partai Liberal Australia|Partai Liberal]] di setiap pemilihan umum federal sejak 1990 dan rata-rata unggul 15 persen.<ref name=state_el>{{cite web |title=Past election results |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/act/2008/guide/pastelections.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=31 January 2010 }}</ref> ALP dan Partai Liberal masing-masing selalu memegang satu kursi Senat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senate – A.C.T. |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/guide/sact.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=6 November 2007 |accessdate=31 January 2010 }}</ref>
 
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url=http://www.familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/FCOA/home/court_lists/Canberra/ | publisher=[[Family Court of Australia]] | title=Canberra Court List | accessdate=13 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.courts.act.gov.au/magistrates/TelephoneList1.htm | title=Court Listing | publisher=ACT Law Courts and Tribunals | accessdate=13 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502091554/http://familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/FCOA/home/court_lists/Canberra/|archivedate=2 May 2013}}</ref>
 
== Ekonomi ==
[[FileBerkas:Australian Treasury.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|Banyak warga Canberra yang bekerja di departemen pemerintahan seperti Departemen Keuangan.]]
 
Pada Mei 2012, tingkat pengangguran di Canberra sebesar 3,4%, lebih rendah daripada tingkat pengangguran nasional sebesar 5,1%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1367.0~2012~Main%20Features~Unemployment%20Rate~9.4|title=1367.0 State and Territory Statistical Indicators – Unemplyment rate: ABS |date=12 June 2012|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Karena rendahnya pengangguran dan banyaknya lapangan pekerjaan pemerintah dan swasta, Canberra memiliki tingkat pendapatan belanja rata-rata tertinggi di antara semua ibu kota negara bagian Australia.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] | url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/D1427AE6A791C71CCA2570D700081161?opendocument | title=ACT Stats, 2005 |date=12 September 2005| accessdate=13 May 2010 }}</ref> Upah mingguan kotor rata-rata di Canberra sebanyak [[dolar Australia|$]]1.702, lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata nasional sebanyak $1.485,80 (Mei 2013).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=15 August 2013 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/6302.0Main%20Features1May%202013?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=6302.0&issue=May%202013&num=&view= |title=6302.0 – Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, May 2013 |accessdate=4 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021044653/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/Latestproducts/6302.0Main%20Features1May%202013?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=6302.0&issue=May%202013&num=&view= |archivedate=21 October 2013 |df= }}</ref>
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Bekas [[Fairbairn Airbase|RAAF Fairbairn]], dekat [[Bandar Udara Canberra]], dijual kepada operator bandara,<ref name=fb>{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/place_1686.asp |title=Fairbairn: Australian War Memorial |publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]] | year=2010 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> tetapi pangkalan ini masih dipakai untuk penerbangan VIP [[RAAF]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airforce.gov.au/raafmuseum/research/bases/fairbairn.htm | title= RAAF Museum Fairbairn | publisher=[[RAAF Museum]] | year=2009 | accessdate=13 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.airforce.gov.au/raafmuseum/research/units/34sqn.htm | title=No 34 Squadron | publisher=[[RAAF Museum]] | year=2009 | accessdate=13 May 2010 }}</ref> Semakin banyak vendor perangkat lunak yang berkantor pusat di Canberra untuk memanfaatkan pelanggan di sektor pemerintahan, termasuk [[Tower Software]] dan [[RuleBurst]].<ref>{{cite web|title=USFTA begins to reap results |date=15 January 2007 |work=[[Australian Financial Review]] |last=Sutherland |first=Tracy |url=http://www.tradewatch.org.au/AUSFTA/Article43.html |accessdate=17 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013075812/http://www.tradewatch.org.au/AUSFTA/Article43.html |archivedate=13 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian-it/hp-bids-for-tower-software/story-e6frgamo-1111115951854 |title=HP bids for Tower Software |last=Sharma|first=Mahesh |work=The Australian |date=2 April 2008 |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> Sebuah konsorsium investor swasta dan pemerintah berencana membangun pusat data senilai miliaran dolar dan ingin menjadikan Canberra pusat aktivitas data di Asia-Pasifik.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian-it/canberra-a-data-hub-target/story-e6frgamo-1111114545957|title=HP bids for Tower Software |last=Colley|first=Andrew|work=The Australian |date=2 October 2007 |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref>
 
== Lingkungan ==
[[FileBerkas:Floriade Canberra ACT.JPG|thumbjmpl|[[Floriade (Canberra)|Floriade]] diadakan di [[Commonwealth Park]] setiap musim semi. Ini adalah festival bunga terbesar di belahan Bumi selatan yang menerapkan dan mendorong praktik ramah lingkungan, termasuk [[energi hijau]].<ref name="floriadeaustralia" />]]
Rata-rata warga Canberra menghasilkan 13,7 ton gas rumah kaca pada tahun 2005.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/significant_projects/planning_studies/sustainable_future/sustainability_issues_in_canberra__background|title=Sustainability issues in Canberra – background|date=13 June 2012|publisher=ACT Government|archivedate=26 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426120230/http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/significant_projects/planning_studies/sustainable_future/sustainability_issues_in_canberra__background|ref=harv}}</ref> Tahun 2012, Pemerintah ACT berencana mengurangi emisi [[gas rumah kaca]] hingga 40&nbsp;persen pada 2020, 80&nbsp;persen pada 2050, dan 100&nbsp;persen pada&nbsp;2060.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.actconference.com.au/?q=News&id=4567f709-a37e-c5be-fec6-521e9b7ab45a|title=Minister showcases Canberra's sustainability success|date=28 August 2013|first=Simon|last=Corbell|author-link=Simon Corbell}}</ref> Tahun 2013, pemerintah menargetkan 90% konsumsi listrik di ACT dipasok oleh sumber energi terbarukan pada 2020.<ref name=renewable/> Tahun 2016, pemerintah menaikkan targetnya menjadi 100% pada 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/act-commits-to-100-per-cent-renewable-energy-target-by-2020-simon-corbell-20160428-goh1l9.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=29 April 2016|first=Kirsten|last=Lawson|title=ACT commits to 100 per cent renewable energy target by 2020: Simon Corbell|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528225654/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/act-commits-to-100-per-cent-renewable-energy-target-by-2020-simon-corbell-20160428-goh1l9.html|archivedate=28 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-29/act-to-be-powered-by-100-per-cent-renewable-energy-by-2020/7369004|title=ACT to be powered by 100pc renewable energy by 2020|date=29 April 2016|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609180143/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-29/act-to-be-powered-by-100-per-cent-renewable-energy-by-2020/7369004|archivedate=9 June 2016}}</ref>
 
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Festival [[Floriade (Canberra)|Floriade]] menghadirkan hamparan bunga yang mekar setiap musim semi di [[Commonwealth Park]]. Panitianya menerapkan aturan ramah lingkungan yang kuat, mendorong dan menggunakan [[energi hijau]], "katering hijau", [[keberlanjutan|kertas berkelanjutan]], dan penghematan air.<ref name="floriadeaustralia">{{cite web|url=http://www.floriadeaustralia.com/about-floriade/environmental-care/|title=Environmental care|work=www.floriadeaustralia.com|accessdate=9 March 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226235141/http://www.floriadeaustralia.com/about-floriade/environmental-care/|archivedate=26 February 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Acara ini juga bebas asap rokok.<ref name="floriadeaustralia" />
 
== Demografi ==
{{main article|Demografi Canberra}}
[[FileBerkas:Old bus depot markets.jpg|rightka|thumbjmpl|Berbelanja di Old Bus Depot Markets, [[Kingston, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Kingston]]]]
 
Dalam {{CensusAU|2016}}, jumlah penduduk Canberra sebesar 395.790 jiwa,<ref name="Census2016">{{Census 2016 AUS|id=UCL802001|name=Canberra - Queanbeyan (Canberra Part)
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publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=6 July 2017 |accessdate=7 December 2017 |url= http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4510.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument |title=4510.0 – Recorded Crime – Victims, Australia, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=8|name=Australian Capital Territory|accessdate=7 December 2017|quick=on}}</ref><ref>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=0|name=Australia|accessdate=7 December 2017|quick=on}}</ref>
 
== Pendidikan ==
{{Main article|Pendidikan di Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia}}
[[FileBerkas:ANU School of Art, Canberra.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|[[Universitas Nasional Australia|ANU]] School of Art (bekas Canberra High School)]]
Dua lembaga pendidikan tinggi utama di Canberra adalah [[Universitas Nasional Australia]] (ANU) di [[Acton, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Acton]] dan [[Universitas Canberra]] (UC) di [[Bruce, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Bruce]], masing-masing mendidik lebih dari 10.500 dan 8.000 mahasiswa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/UniversityOfCanberra.htm |archivedate=11 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211185734/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/UniversityOfCanberra.htm|title= University of Canberra |publisher=[[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref name=anu>{{cite web|url=http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/AustralianNationalUniversity.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061511/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/AustralianNationalUniversity.htm|archivedate=27 September 2011|title= Australian National University |publisher=[[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> ANU didirikan tahun 1946{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|pp=258-262}} dan memiliki fokus riset yang kuat. ANU merupakan salah satu universitas terbaik di dunia sekaligus universitas terbaik di Australia menurut ''[[The Times Higher Education Supplement]]'' dan Shanghai Jiao Tong World University Rankings.<ref name=anu/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |year=2004 |url=http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/top500(1-100).pdf |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2004 |accessdate=13 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127000011/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/top500%281-100%29.pdf |archivedate=27 November 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Terdapat dua kampus universitas keagamaan di Canberra: Signadou di kota pinggiran utara [[Watson, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Watson]] adalah kampus [[Universitas Katolik Australia]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/our_campuses/canberra_campus/ | title=Canberra Campus | publisher=[[Australian Catholic University]] | date=5 May 2010 | accessdate=13 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127000949/http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/our_campuses/canberra_campus/|archivedate=27 January 2010}}</ref> St Mark's Theological College di [[Barton, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Barton]] adalah bagian dari [[Universitas Charles Sturt]] yang lebih sekuler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csu.edu.au/about/canberra.html |title=Canberra School of Theology |publisher=[[Charles Sturt University]] |accessdate=23 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430144112/http://www.csu.edu.au/about/canberra.html |archivedate=30 April 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
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Pada tahun 2016, 132 [[Daftar sekolah di Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|sekolah]] beroperasi di Canberra; 87 di antaranya sekolah negeri dan 45 sisanya sekolah swasta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4221.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument|title=4221.0 - Schools, Australia, 2016|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=2 February 2017|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref> Pada tahun 2006, Pemerintah ACT mengumumkan penutupan 39 sekolah terhitung berakhirnya tahun ajaran 2006. Pemerintah meluncurkan kebijakan ''Towards 2020: Renewing Our Schools'' setelah melakukan serangkaian konsultasi.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://activated.act.edu.au/2020/ |archivedate=2 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302062759/http://activated.act.edu.au/2020/| title=Towards 2020: Renewing Our Schools – Message from the Minister | publisher=ACT Department of Education and Training | last=Barr|first=Andrew | year=2007 | accessdate=13 May 2005 | authorlink=Andrew Barr }}</ref> Akibatnya, beberapa sekolah tutup pada tahun 2006–08, sedangkan sisanya digabung; pembentukan SD dan SMP negeri terpadu akan berlangsung sampai sepuluh tahun berikutnya. Kebijakan baru ini mengundang penolakan keras dari masyarakat.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/29/2727379.htm | date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=10 May 2010 |title=Closing date for primary school |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tharwa, Hall schools should be reopened: committee |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/17/2688701.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=13 May 2010 | date=17 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=School closures report 'doesn't go far enough'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/18/2689533.htm|archivedate=31 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131030555/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/18/2689533.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=13 May 2010 | date=18 September 2009}}</ref> Hampir semua kota pinggiran dirancang lengkap dengan sekolah dasar dan prasekolah, biasanya terletak dekat tempat terbuka sehingga memudahkan kegiatan rekreasi dan olahraga.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=1-90}} Canberra juga memiliki jumlah pelajar sekolah non-negeri (swasta) tertinggi di Australia, yaitu 40,6&nbsp;persen dari total pelajar di ACT.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/public-schools-win-young-but-lose-seniors-20130507-2j63d.html|archivedate=28 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228235058/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/public-schools-win-young-but-lose-seniors-20130507-2j63d.html|title=Public schools win young, but lose seniors|first=Emma|last=Macdonald|date=8 May 2013|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref>
 
== Kesenian dan hiburan ==
{{See also|Musik di Canberra}}
[[FileBerkas:NatMusAus Main Entrance Strip.jpg|leftkiri|thumbjmpl|[[National Museum of Australia]] yang didirikan tahun 2001 merekam sejarah masyarakat Australia dan merupakan salah satu bangunan mencolok di Canberra.]]
[[FileBerkas:War memorial 01.jpg|rightka|thumbjmpl|[[Australian War Memorial]]]]
 
Di Canberra terdapat banyak tugu dan lembaga nasional seperti [[Australian War Memorial]], [[National Gallery of Australia]], [[National Portrait Gallery (Australia)|National Portrait Gallery]], [[National Library of Australia|National Library]],<ref name=map/> [[National Archives of Australia|National Archives]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/info/opening-hours/index.aspx |title=Locations and opening hours |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |accessdate=23 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006072421/http://naa.gov.au/about-us/organisation/locations/index.aspx|archivedate=6 October 2012}}</ref> [[Australian Academy of Science]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/dome/ |title=The Shine Dome |publisher=[[Australian Academy of Science]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> [[National Film and Sound Archive]], dan [[National Museum of Australia|National Museum]].<ref name=map/> Banyyak gedung pemerintah Persemakmuran di Canberra terbuka untuk umum, termasuk [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]], [[High Court of Australia|High Court]], dan [[Royal Australian Mint]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |title=Visiting the High Court |publisher=[[High Court of Australia]] |accessdate=23 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017212110/http://www.highcourt.gov.au/about_05.html |archivedate=17 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217052026/http://aph.gov.au/visitors/index.htm|archivedate=17 February 2012|title=Visitors |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518155139/http://www.ramint.gov.au/visit/|archivedate=18 May 2013|title=Opening hours |publisher=[[Royal Australian Mint]] |accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref>
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Lake Burley Griffin adalah tempat berdirinya [[Captain James Cook Memorial]] dan [[National Carillon]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |title=Lake Burley Griffin Interactive Map |accessdate=1 June 2009 |publisher=[[National Capital Authority]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522024956/http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/enjoythelake/map.asp |archivedate=22 May 2009 }}</ref> Tempat menarik lainnya adalah [[Telstra Tower]], [[Australian National Botanic Gardens]], [[National Zoo and Aquarium]], [[National Dinosaur Museum]], dan [[National Science and Technology Centre, Canberra|Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre]].<ref name=map/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |title=Outdoor and Nature |publisher=Visit Canberra |accessdate=23 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231124810/http://www.visitcanberra.com.au/Things%20to%20do%20and%20see/Outdoor%20and%20nature.aspx?currPage=2&category=&l |archivedate=31 December 2010 }}</ref>
 
[[FileBerkas:NLA Canberra-01JAC.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|[[National Library of Australia]] menyimpan salinan semua buku yang terbit di Australia.<ref>{{cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|ca1968133|Copyright Act 1968|201}}</ref>]]
 
[[Canberra Museum and Gallery]] di [[City, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|City]] menyimpan benda sejarah dan kesenian setempat, koleksi permanen, dan pameran.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/cmag/index.html|title=Canberra Museum and Gallery|archivedate=11 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511045428/http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/cmag/index.html|publisher=ACT Government|ref=harv}}</ref> Beberapa rumah bersejarah dibuka untuk umum: Lanyon and Tuggeranong Homesteads di [[Tuggeranong|Tuggeranong Valley]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/lanyon/index.html | title=Lanyon | publisher=ACT Museums and Galleries | accessdate=13 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030015221/http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/lanyon/index.html | archivedate=30 October 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.events.act.gov.au/?/event/view/225 | title=Minders of Tuggeranong Homestead | publisher=[[Australian Capital Territory Chief Minister's Department|Chief Minister's Department]] | accessdate=13 May 2010 }}</ref> Mugga-Mugga di [[Symonston, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Symonston]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/mugga/index.html |title=Mugga-Mugga |publisher=ACT Museums and Galleries |accessdate=13 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030015314/https://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/mugga/index.html |archivedate=30 October 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> dan Blundells' Cottage di [[Parkes, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Parkes]] menggambarkan gaya hidup para pemukim Eropa pertama.<ref name=BLUNDELL/> Calthorpes' House di [[Red Hill, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Red Hill]] merupakan contoh rumah masa awal berdirinya Canberra tahun 1920-an yang dilestarikan dengan baik.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/calthorpes/index.html | title=Calthorpes' House | publisher=ACT Museums and Galleries | accessdate=13 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025175222/http://www.museumsandgalleries.act.gov.au/calthorpes/index.html | archivedate=25 October 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
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[[Stonefest]] adalah salah satu festival tahunan terbesar di Canberra.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|first=Jenna|last=Clarke|date=9 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125850/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/entertainment/music/foreshore-festival-axed-for-2013-20130709-2pmz3.html|archivedate=18 August 2013|title=Foreshore Festival axed for 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=11 October 2012|title=Stone rolls on|first1=Naomi|last1=Fallon|first2=Joni|last2=Scanlon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105035857/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/stone-rolls-on-20121010-27d7j.html|archivedate=5 November 2015}}</ref> Ukurannya diperkecil dan namanya diganti menjadi Stone Day pada tahun 2012.<ref>{{citation|url=http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919153650/http://musicfeeds.com.au/news/stonefest-returns-as-stone-day-2012-lineup-announced/|archivedate=19 September 2012|date=16 September 2012|title=Stonefest Returns As ‘Stone Day’ – 2012 Lineup Announced |first=Kiel|last=Egging|publisher=Music Feeds}}</ref> Ada banyak bar dan klub malam yang menawarkan pertunjukan langsung di [[Dickson, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Dickson]], [[Kingston, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Kingston]], dan [[City, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|City]].{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=283-285}} Hampir semua pusat kota memiliki gedung teater umum dan bioskop. Semua pusat kota memiliki perpustakaan.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=10-12}} Kegiatan-kegiatan budaya populer di Canberra meliputi [[National Folk Festival (Australia)|National Folk Festival]], [[Royal Canberra Show]], festival mobil [[Summernats]], festival [[Enlighten Canberra|Enlighten]], [[National Multicultural Festival]] bulan Februari, dan festival ''Celebrate Canberra'' yang diadakan selama 10 hari pada bulan Maret bertepatan dengan Canberra Day.{{sfn|Vaisutis|2009|pp=278}}
 
[[FileBerkas:Canberra Nara park.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|Gerbang Canberra–Nara Park dan [[Tōrō|lentera batu]] [[Kuil Kasuga|Kasuga]]]]
 
Canberra menjalin hubungan kota kembar dengan [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], Jepang, dan Beijing, Tiongkok. Canberra memiliki hubungan persahabatan kota dengan [[Dili]], Timor Leste, dan [[Hangzhou]], Tiongkok.<ref name=Canberra/> Hubungan antarkota mendorong masyarakat dan kelompok kepentingan khusus di dalam dan luar negeri terlibat dalam berbagai aktivitas pertukaran budaya. Canberra Nara Candle Festival diadakan setiap musim semi untuk merayakan hubungan kota kembar Canberra dan Nara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/26/2375107.htm |title=Festival celebrates Canberra-Nara friendship |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 September 2008 |accessdate=23 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929012547/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/26/2375107.htm |archivedate=29 September 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Festival ini diadakan di Canberra Nara Park di pesisir Lake Burley Griffin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/parks_and_reserves/urban_parks/district_parks/canberra_nara_park |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130917070057/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/parks_and_reserves/urban_parks/district_parks/canberra_nara_park |dead-url=yes |archive-date=17 September 2013 |title=Canberra Nara Park |publisher=ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services| date=9 October 1999 |accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref>
 
== Media ==
Sebagai ibu kota negara, Canberra menjadi sorotan utama reportase politik di Australia. Semua media besar, termasuk [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], jaringan televisi komersial, dan surat kabar metropolitan, memiliki kantor cabang di Canberra. Setiap kantor berita memiliki perwakilan di [[Canberra Press Gallery]], yaitu kumpulan wartawan yang melaporkan kegiatan [[Parlemen Australia|parlemen nasional]]. National Press Club of Australia di [[Barton, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Barton]] secara rutin menyiarkan kegiatan makan siangnya. Dalam kegiatan tersebut, seorang politikus atau tokoh masyarakat lain menyampaikan pidato dan mengisi sesi tanya-jawab.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.npc.org.au/upcomingspeakers/speakerarchive.html | title=Speaker archive | publisher=National Press Club of Australia | accessdate=13 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419074913/http://www.npc.org.au/upcomingSpeakers/speakerArchive.html | archivedate=19 April 2010 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
=== Cetak ===
Canberra memiliki surat kabar harian bernama ''[[The Canberra Times]]'' yang berdiri tahun 1926.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=87}}<ref>{{cite news|title=History of a paper anniversary|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|first=Jack|last=Waterford|author-link=Jack Waterford|date=3 March 2013|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/history-of-a-paper-anniversary-20130302-2fd76.html|archivedate=17 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917072242/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/history-of-a-paper-anniversary-20130302-2fd76.html}}</ref> Ada pula media cetak mingguan gratis seperti majalah berita ''CityNews'' dan ''Canberra Weekly'' serta panduan hiburan ''[[BMA Magazine]]''. ''BMA Magazine'' pertama kali terbit tahun 1992; edisi perdananya meliput tur [[Nevermind]] [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BMA comes of age|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/03/24/3722515.htm|date=24 March 2013|archivedate=7 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007160640/http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/03/24/3722515.htm|accessdate=30 January 2017|deadurl=no|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|website=666 ABC Canberra}}</ref>
 
=== Radio ===
Ada beberapa stasiun AM dan FM yang mengudara di Canberra ([[Daftar kode panggil stasiun radio di Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|daftar AM/FM]]). Operator radio komersial terbesar adalah [[Capital Radio Network]] ([[2CA]] dan [[2CC]]) dan [[Austereo]]/[[Australian Radio Network|ARN]] ([[104.7 (Canberra)|104.7]] dan [[Mix 106.3]]). Ada juga stasiun-stasiun radio yang dioperasikan masyarakat. Stasiun radio digital uji coba DAB+ juga beroperasi; stasiun ini menyiarkan ulang beberapa program AM/FM dan memasok konten untuk beberapa stasiun radio digital ([[Radio digital di Australia#Canberra|daftar uji coba DAB+]]).
 
=== Televisi ===
Ada lima stasiun televisi umum yang beroperasi di Canberra:
* [[ABC Television|ABC]] Canberra ([[ABC (stasiun TV)|ABC]])
* [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]] New South Wales ([[SBS (saluran TV Australia)|SBS]])
* [[Win Television]] Southern NSW & ACT ([[WIN (stasiun TV)|WIN]]) – afiliasi [[Network Ten]]
* [[Prime7]] Southern NSW & ACT ([[CBN (stasiun TV Australia)|CBN]]) – afiliasi [[Seven Network]]
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Jaringan [[televisi berbayar]] dioperasikan oleh [[Foxtel]] (via satelit) dan perusahaan telekomunikasi [[TransACT]] (via kabel).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kids.actewagl.com.au/Education/Communications/Television/Subscription/ |title=Subscription television |publisher=[[TransACT]] |accessdate=25 September 2013 |date=11 June 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928022041/http://kids.actewagl.com.au/Education/Communications/Television/Subscription/ |archivedate=28 September 2013 }}</ref>
 
== Infrastruktur ==
 
=== Kesehatan ===
[[FileBerkas:Canberra Hospital.jpg|thumbjmpl|[[Canberra Hospital]].]]
 
Canberra memiliki dua rumah sakit umum besar, [[Canberra Hospital]]—sebelumnya Woden Valley Hospital—yang berkapasitas 600 pasien di [[Garran, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Garran]] dan Calvary Public Hospital berkapasitas 174 pasien di [[Bruce, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Bruce]]. Keduanya adalah rumah sakit pendidikan.<ref name=hos>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10134232&pid=1147829186 |title= Hospitals |publisher=ACT Health |accessdate=23 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326232807/http://www.health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10134232&pid=1147829186|archivedate=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10209377 |title=Canberra Hospital |publisher=ACT Health |accessdate=23 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716143522/http://www.health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10209377# |archive-date=16 July 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="calvary-act1">{{cite web |url=http://www.calvary-act.com.au/contact.html |title=Contact Us & Location Map |publisher=Calvary Health Care ACT |accessdate=23 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323231918/http://www.calvary-act.com.au/contact.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=23 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calvary-act.com.au/public.html |title= Public Hospital |publisher=Calvary Health Care ACT |accessdate=23 April 2010| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080718171953/http://www.calvary-act.com.au/public.html| archivedate = 18 July 2008}}</ref> Rumah sakit swasta terbesar di Canberra adalah Calvary John James Hospital di [[Deakin, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Deakin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/chemo-crisis-to-hit-act-patients/1241514.aspx |last=Cronin|first=Fiona |title=Chemo crisis to hit ACT patients |work=[[The Canberra Times]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113075559/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/chemo-crisis-to-hit-act-patients/1241514.aspx|archivedate=13 November 2011 |date=12 August 2008 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calvaryjohnjames.com.au/ |title=Welcome to Calvary John James Hospital |publisher=Calvary John James Hospital |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Calvary Private Hospital di Bruce dan [[Healthscope]] National Capital Private Hospital di Garran juga merupakan penyedia layanan kesehatan utama.<ref name=hos/><ref name="calvary-act1"/>
Baris 504:
[[Royal Canberra Hospital]] terletak di [[Acton Peninsula]] di [[Lake Burley Griffin]]; rumah sakit ini ditutup tahun 1991 dan diruntuhkan tahun 1997 melalui [[penghancuran Royal Canberra Hospital|proses yang kontroversial dan fatal]]. [[National Museum of Australia]] dibangun di atas lahan bekas rumah sakit tersebut.{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=18}}{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=17}}<ref name=map/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|title=15 years since hospital implosion tragedy|date=13 July 2012|accessdate=25 September 2013|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/15-years-since-hospital-implosion-tragedy-20120713-22034.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714042848/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/15-years-since-hospital-implosion-tragedy-20120713-22034.html|archivedate=14 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/stories/s64319.htm|last=Reynolds|first= Fiona | title=Increasing pressure on ACT Chief Minister|date=5 November 1999|work=A.M.|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=2 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104173854/http://www.abc.net.au/am/stories/s64319.htm|archivedate=4 November 2012}}</ref> Kota ini memiliki 10 panti werdha. Rumah-rumah sakit di Canberra menerima pasien darurat dari seluruh New South Wales selatan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10063975&pid=1082945856 |title=About Emergency |publisher=ACT Government Health Information |accessdate=23 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011135135/http://www.health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=da&did=10063975&pid=1082945856# |archive-date=11 October 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[ACT Ambulance Service]] adalah satu dari empat badan [[ACT Emergency Services Authority]] yang beroperasi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.act.gov.au/ESAWebsite/content_esa/about_us/about_us_home_page/about_us.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822171255/http://www.esa.act.gov.au/ESAWebsite/content_esa/about_us/about_us_home_page/about_us.html|archivedate=22 August 2011 |title=About Us |publisher=[[ACT Emergency Services Authority]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> [[Newborn Emergency Transport Service|NETS]] menyediakan layanan ambulans khusus bayi sakit lintas rumah sakit di ACT dan New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nets.org.au/main/what.htm |title=What is NETS? |publisher=[[Newborn Emergency Transport Service]] |accessdate=23 April 2010| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071223110451/http://www.nets.org.au/main/what.htm| archivedate = 23 December 2007}}</ref>
 
=== Transportasi ===
[[FileBerkas:Tuggeranong Parkway.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|Tuggeranong Parkway, jalan bebas hambatan utama yang menghubungkan pusat kota Canberra dengan[[Tuggeranong]].]]
[[FileBerkas:New terminal building at Canberra Airport cropped2.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|Terminal Bandar Udara Canberra]]
[[FileBerkas:Canberra Railway Station.jpg|thumbjmpl|Stasiun Kereta Api Canberra]]
[[FileBerkas:BUS877-04.jpg|thumbjmpl|leftkiri|[[Renault]] PR100.2 milik ACTION dengan karoseri [[Ansair]]]]
[[FileBerkas:Ford FG Falcon running on LPG, operated by Canberra Elite Taxi, photographed in Tuggeranong Town Centre (1).jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|Taksi [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]]]]
 
Mobil merupakan moda transportasi paling dominan di Canberra.<ref name=road>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/natcapauth/report/chapter9.pdf |title=Canberra's transport system|format=PDF |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |accessdate=23 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011010/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/natcapauth/report/chapter9.pdf|archivedate=7 February 2012}}</ref> Kota ini dirancang sehingga jalan-jalan arteri yang menghubungkan kluster permukiman melintasi tanah kosong atau hutan. Karena itu, kepadatan penduduk Canberra tergolong rendah{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=23-25}} dan ada tanah kosong untuk pembangunan koridor transportasi selanjutnya tanpa perlu membangun terowongan atau membebaskan tanah permukiman. Sebaliknya, ibu kota negara bagian lainnya di Australia kekurangan ruang hijau.{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=3-6, 32-35, 53-59, 74-77, 90-91, 101-104}}
Baris 531:
Tingkat perjalanan aktif di Canberra merupakan salah satu yang tertinggi di Australia. 7,1&nbsp;persen komuter berjalan kaki atau bersepeda ke kantor pada tahun 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/canberra-ranks-highly-in-national-report|first=Simon|last=Corbell|author-link=Simon Corbell|date=31 July 2013|title=Canberra ranks highly in national report|archivedate=18 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318234349/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/canberra-ranks-highly-in-national-report}}</ref> Survei Pemerintah ACT pada akhir 2010 menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata warga Canberra berjalan kaki 26&nbsp;menit per hari.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.transport.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/397245/Pages_from_EDS_ACT_Transport_Policy_FA_final_web.pdf|page=38|title=Transport for Canberra: Transport for a sustainable city 2012–31|publisher=ACT Government|date=March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131155700/https://www.transport.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/397245/Pages_from_EDS_ACT_Transport_Policy_FA_final_web.pdf|archivedate=31 January 2014|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Menurut ''The Canberra Times'', pada Maret 2014, rata-rata pesepeda di Canberra mengalami empat kecelakaan setiap minggu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/costs-add-up-as-more-cyclists-take-to-public-roads-and-suffer-tumbles-20140318-350pg.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319000315/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/costs-add-up-as-more-cyclists-take-to-public-roads-and-suffer-tumbles-20140318-350pg.html|archivedate=19 March 2014|date=19 March 2014|title=Costs add up as more cyclists take to public roads and suffer tumbles|first=Phillip|last=Thomson}}</ref> Surat kabar ini juga melaporkan bahwa Canberra memiliki 87.000 pesepeda, terbanyak di Australia, dan jumlah kecelakaan sepeda tahun 2012 dua kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata nasional.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/cycling-campaign-group-pedal-power-slams-act-government-on-injury-rates-20140625-zslas.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|archivedate=25 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625122459/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/cycling-campaign-group-pedal-power-slams-act-government-on-injury-rates-20140625-zslas.html|title=Cycling campaign group Pedal Power slams ACT government on injury rates|first=John|last=Thistleton|date=25 June 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Utilitas ===
[[FileBerkas:Mount Majura solar farm and Majura Parkway.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|[[Mount Majura Solar Farm]] menghasilkan 2,3 megawatt listrik dan dibuka tanggal 6 Oktober 2016.<ref name="Solar Choice">{{cite web|url=http://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/news/mount-majura-solar-farm-switches-on-101016 |title=Mount Majura Solar Farm powers up in ACT |publisher=Solar Choice |date=11 October 2016|accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref>]]
 
Badan usaha milik negara, [[ACTEW Corporation]], mengelola infrastruktur air dan limbah di Canberra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/About/Who-are-we/What-we-do.aspx |title=What we do |publisher=[[ACTEW]] |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403000353/http://www.actew.com.au/About/Who-are-we/What-we-do.aspx |archivedate=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[ActewAGL]] adalah usaha patungan ACTEW dan [[Australian Gas Light Company|AGL]] dan merupakan pemasok utilitas air, gas alam, listrik, dan telekomunikasi melalui anak perusahaannya, [[TransACT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actewagl.com.au/About-us/Who-is-ActewAGL.aspx |title=About our business|publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>
Baris 538:
Air Canberra disimpan di empat waduk, Corin, Bendora, dan bendungan Cotter di [[Sungai Cotter]], dan Bendungan Googong di Sungai Queanbeyan. Meski Bendungan Googong terletak di New South Wales, pengelolaannya ditangani oleh Pemerintah ACT.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Water-Supply-System/The-water-network.aspx |publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |title=The Water Network |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328102934/http://www.actew.com.au/Water-Supply-System/The-water-network.aspx |archivedate=28 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ACTEW Corporation mengoperasikan dua instalasi pengolahan limbah di [[Fyshwick, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Fyshwick]] dan hilir [[Sungai Molonglo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Fyshwick-Sewage-Treament-Plant.aspx |title=Fyshwick Sewage Treatment Plant |publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312003432/http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Fyshwick-Sewage-Treament-Plant.aspx |archivedate=12 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Lower-Molonglo-Water-Quality-Control-Centre.aspx |title=Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre |publisher=ActewAGL |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312003423/http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Lower-Molonglo-Water-Quality-Control-Centre.aspx |archivedate=12 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
[[Energi di Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Listrik di Canberra]] berasal dari jaringan listrik nasional melalui gardu induk di [[Holt, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Holt]] dan [[Fyshwick, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Fyshwick]] (via [[Queanbeyan, New South Wales|Queanbeyan]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/16792/issuespaperelecinfcontestabilityoctober03.pdf |archivedate=20 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202136/http://www.icrc.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/16792/issuespaperelecinfcontestabilityoctober03.pdf|title=Review of Contestable Electricity Infrastructure Workshop |page=13 |format=PDF |date= October 2003|accessdate=10 May 2010|author=Independent Competition and Regulatory Commission}}</ref> Listrik pertama kali dipasok oleh pembangkit listrik tenaga uap di dekat Sungai Molonglo pada tahun 1913 sampai ditutup tahun 1957.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 March 1913|page=5|title=The Founding of Canberra|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15404837|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218035413/http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15404837|archivedate=18 February 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://client14.matrix01.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/148426/473.pdf |title= 20048. Kingston Powerhouse Historic Precinct (Entry to the ACT Heritage Register) |publisher=ACT Heritage Council |accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> ACT memiliki empat ladang angin yang dibuka tahun 2014 hingga 2017: [[Royalla Solar Farm|Royalla]] (20 megawatt, 2014),<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/australias-largest-solar-farm-opens-in-the-act |title=Australia's largest solar farm opens in the ACT |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=3 September 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> [[Mount Majura Solar Farm|Mount Majura]] (2,3 MW, 2016),<ref name="Solar Choice"/> [[Mugga Lane Solar Park|Mugga Lane]] (13 MW, 2017)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/mugga-lane-solar-farm-opens-bringing-act-to-35-per-cent-renewable-energy-20170302-gup673.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302110650/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/mugga-lane-solar-farm-opens-bringing-act-to-35-per-cent-renewable-energy-20170302-gup673.html |archivedate=2 March 2017 |dead-url=no|title=Mugga Lane solar farm opens, bringing ACT to 35 per cent renewable energy |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=2 March 2017|accessdate=1 December 2017}}</ref> dan [[Williamsdale Solar Farm|Williamsdale]] (11 MW, 2017).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/government-unveils-36000-new-solar-panels-at-williamsdale-20171004-gyu8z8.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129172410/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/government-unveils-36000-new-solar-panels-at-williamsdale-20171004-gyu8z8.html |archivedate=29 November 2017 |dead-url=no|title=Government unveils 36,000 new solar panels at Williamsdale |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=5 October 2017|accessdate=1 December 2017}}</ref> Selain itu, banyak rumah di Canberra memiliki panel surya dan/atau sistem pemanas air bertenaga surya. Pada tahun 2015/16, sistem panel surya atap yang dibantu oleh Pemerintah ACT berkapasitas 26,3 megawatt dan menghasilkan 34.910 MWh. Pada tahun itu juga, skema panel surya yang didukung produsen memiliki kapasitas 25,2 megawatt dan mengekspor 28.815 MWh ke jaringan listrik nasional (listrik yang dikonsumsi secara lokal tidak dihitung).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/1021129/2016-15-Annual-FiT-Report-Access.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309143807/https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/1021129/2016-15-Annual-FiT-Report-Access.pdf|archivedate=9 March 2017|dead-url=no|title= 2015–16 Annual Feed-in Tariff Report|page=7|publisher=ACT Government |accessdate=8 December 2017}}</ref>
 
Tidak ada pembangkit listrik bertenaga angin di Canberra, tetapi ada beberapa turbin yang sudah atau sedang dibangun atau direncanakan di New South Wales seperti [[Capital Wind Farm]] yang berkapasitas 140,7 megawatt. Pemerintah ACT mengumumkan pada tahun 2013 bahwa mereka menaikkan target konsumsi listrik bersumber terbarukan hingga 90% pada 2020,<ref name=renewable>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/act-sets-90-renewable-energy-target-in-law7 |title=ACT sets 90% renewable energy target in law |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=4 November 2013|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> naik dari 210 menjadi 550 megawatt.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/large-scale-feed-in-tariff-law-expanded-to-meet-90-renewables-target |title=Large scale feed-in tariff law expanded to meet 90% renewables target |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=27 February 2014|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah juga mengumumkan pada Februari 2015 bahwa tiga ladang angin di Victoria dan Australia selatan akan memasok 200 megawatt listrik dan beroperasi pada 2017.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2015/wind-auction-result-delivers-renewable-energy-and-economic-benefits-to-the-act |title=Wind auction result delivers renewable energy and economic benefits to the ACT |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=6 February 2015|accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Kontrak pembelian listrik sebesar 200 megawatt per tahun dari dua ladang angin di Australia Selatan dan New South Wales diumumkan pada Desember 2015 dan Maret 2016.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2015/hornsdale-achieves-new-record-price-in-acts-second-wind-auction |title=Hornsdale achieves new record price in ACT's second wind auction |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=21 December 2015|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2016/new-wind-farm-set-to-power-more-than-just-canberra-homes |title=New wind farm set to power more than just Canberra homes |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=4 March 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Pemerintah ACT mengumumkan pada tahun 2014 bahwa skema harga listrik ''feed-in'' sebesar 23 megawatt akan dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan pembangkit listrik bertenaga limbah rumah tangga dan bisnis di ACT atau daerah sekitarnya pada tahun 2020.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/turning-waste-into-energy |title=Turning waste into energy |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=7 March 2014|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref>
 
ACT memiliki tingkat akses internet rumah tertinggi di Australia (94&nbsp;persen rumah pada tahun 2014–15).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/8146.02014-15?OpenDocument | title = 8146.0 - Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2014-15 | publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=18 February 2016|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref>
 
== Hubungan internasional ==
{{See also|Daftar kota kembar di Oseania}}
 
=== Kota kembar ===
Canberra [[kota kembar|kembar]] dengan:
 
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], Tiongkok<ref name=Canberra>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/international |title=Canberra's international relationships |publisher=[[Australian Capital Territory Chief Minister's Department|Chief Minister's Department]]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], Jepang<ref name=Canberra/>
* {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Wellington]], Selandia Baru<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-07/canberra-adopts-wellington-as-sister-city/7576458|title=Canberra adopts New Zealand capital as sister city|date=7 July 2016|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|website=ABC News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710210815/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-07/canberra-adopts-wellington-as-sister-city/7576458|archivedate=10 July 2016}}</ref>
 
=== Hubungan persahabatan kota ===
* Canberra Dili Friendship Agreement ditandatangani tahun 2004 dengan tujuan menjalin persahabatan dan penghormatan terhadap satu sama lain serta mendorong hubungan pendidikan, budaya, ekonomi, kemanusiaan, dan olahraga antara Canberra dan Dili.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/cir/dili|title=Dili, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309070546/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/cir/dili|archivedate=9 March 2014|publisher=ACT Government Chief Minister and Treasury Directorate|deadurl=no}}</ref>
* Pemerintah ACT menandatangani nota kesepahaman dengan Pemerintah Rakyat Kota Hangzhou pada tanggal 29 Oktober 1998. Perjanjian ini bertujuan membuka kesempatan bisnis dan mendorong pertukaran budaya antara Canberra dan Hangzhou.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/cir/hangzhou_china|title=Hangzhou, China|publisher=ACT Government Chief Minister and Treasury Directorate|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309070609/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/cir/hangzhou_china|archivedate=9 March 2014}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Canberra|Australia|Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia}}
* [[Banjir Canberra 1971]]
Baris 566:
* [[Daftar bangunan tertinggi di Canberra]]
 
== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/featurearticlesbyCatalogue/D41F48B6CB4D1240CA2569DE00281139?OpenDocument |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604042204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/featurearticlesbyCatalogue/D41F48B6CB4D1240CA2569DE00281139?OpenDocument |archivedate=4 June 2011 |title=The Australian Capital Territory, Canberra the National Capital: Fifty Years of Development |date=25 January 1963 |author=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |work=Year Book Australia |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{Cite book |title=Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra: Policy Plan |year=1988 |location=Canberra |publisher=National Capital Development Commission |isbn=0-642-13957-1 | ref= {{harvid|National Capital Development Commission|1988}}}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Penguin Australia Road Atlas |year=2000 |publisher=Penguin Books Australia |location=Ringwood, Victoria |isbn=0-670-88980-6 | ref = {{harvid|Penguin Books Australia|2000}}}}
* {{Cite book |title=UBD Canberra |year=2007 |location=North Ryde, New South Wales |publisher=Universal Publishers|isbn=0-7319-1882-7 | ref = {{harvid|Universal Publishers|2007}}}}
* {{Cite book |title=Canberra in Two Centuries: A Pictorial History|first=Alan |last=Fitzgerald |author-link=Alan Fitzgerald (satirist) |year=1987 |location=Torrens, Australian Capital Territory |publisher=Clareville Press |isbn=0-909278-02-4 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Canberra 1913–1953 |first=Jim |last=Gibbney |year=1988 |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |isbn=0-644-08060-4 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Canberra 1820–1913 |first=Lyall |last=Gillespie |year=1991 |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |isbn=0-644-08060-4 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Jack Fingleton: The Man Who Stood Up To Bradman |last=Growden|first=Greg |location=Crows Nest, New South Wales |publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-74175-548-0 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Canberra 1954–1980 |first=Eric |last=Sparke |year=1988 |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |isbn=0-644-08060-4 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Australia |last=Vaisutis|first=Justine |location=Footscray, Victoria |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2009 |isbn=1-74179-160-X | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=Canberra: History of Australia's National Capital |first=Lionel |last=Wigmore |year=1971 |location=Canberra |publisher=Dalton Publishing Company |isbn=0-909906-06-8 | ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Biology of Temporary Waters | first=Dudley | last=Williams | year=2006 | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-852811-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSv2HvrNSo0C | ref = harv}}
* {{cite speech|last=Leigh|first=Andrew|author-link=Andrew Leigh|title=Canberra is the Best City in Australia|url=http://andrewleigh.com/index.php/speaking2/93-community-home-page/speaking/community/78-canberrabestcity|accessdate=13 September 2013|date=3 October 2010|event=Festival of Dangerous Ideas|location=Sydney Opera House|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913160556/http://andrewleigh.com/index.php/speaking2/93-community-home-page/speaking/community/78-canberrabestcity|archivedate=13 September 2013}}
{{refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons|Canberra}}
Baris 606:
{{Authority control}}
 
[[CategoryKategori:Canberra| ]]
[[CategoryKategori:Ibu kota terencana]]
[[CategoryKategori:Ibu kota di Oseania]]
[[CategoryKategori:Kota yang dirancang oleh Walter Burley Griffin]]
[[CategoryKategori:Permukiman yang didirikan tahun 1913]]
[[CategoryKategori:Permukiman di Sungai Murrumbidgee]]
[[CategoryKategori:Pendirian tahun 1913 di Australia]]
[[CategoryKategori:Wilayah metropolitan di Australia]]
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