Canberra: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Farras (bicara | kontrib)
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Farras (bicara | kontrib)
Baris 512:
 
Tingkat perjalanan aktif di Canberra merupakan salah satu yang tertinggi di Australia. 7,1&nbsp;persen komuter berjalan kaki atau bersepeda ke kantor pada tahun 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/canberra-ranks-highly-in-national-report|first=Simon|last=Corbell|author-link=Simon Corbell|date=31 July 2013|title=Canberra ranks highly in national report|archivedate=18 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318234349/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/canberra-ranks-highly-in-national-report}}</ref> Survei Pemerintah ACT pada akhir 2010 menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata warga Canberra berjalan kaki 26&nbsp;menit per hari.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.transport.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/397245/Pages_from_EDS_ACT_Transport_Policy_FA_final_web.pdf|page=38|title=Transport for Canberra: Transport for a sustainable city 2012–31|publisher=ACT Government|date=March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131155700/https://www.transport.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/397245/Pages_from_EDS_ACT_Transport_Policy_FA_final_web.pdf|archivedate=31 January 2014|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Menurut ''The Canberra Times'', pada Maret 2014, rata-rata pesepeda di Canberra mengalami empat kecelakaan setiap minggu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/costs-add-up-as-more-cyclists-take-to-public-roads-and-suffer-tumbles-20140318-350pg.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319000315/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/costs-add-up-as-more-cyclists-take-to-public-roads-and-suffer-tumbles-20140318-350pg.html|archivedate=19 March 2014|date=19 March 2014|title=Costs add up as more cyclists take to public roads and suffer tumbles|first=Phillip|last=Thomson}}</ref> Surat kabar ini juga melaporkan bahwa Canberra memiliki 87.000 pesepeda, terbanyak di Australia, dan jumlah kecelakaan sepeda tahun 2012 dua kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata nasional.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/cycling-campaign-group-pedal-power-slams-act-government-on-injury-rates-20140625-zslas.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|archivedate=25 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625122459/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/cycling-campaign-group-pedal-power-slams-act-government-on-injury-rates-20140625-zslas.html|title=Cycling campaign group Pedal Power slams ACT government on injury rates|first=John|last=Thistleton|date=25 June 2014}}</ref>
 
===Utilitas===
[[File:Mount Majura solar farm and Majura Parkway.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mount Majura Solar Farm]] menghasilkan 2,3 megawatt listrik dan dibuka tanggal 6 Oktober 2016.<ref name="Solar Choice">{{cite web|url=http://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/news/mount-majura-solar-farm-switches-on-101016 |title=Mount Majura Solar Farm powers up in ACT |publisher=Solar Choice |date=11 October 2016|accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref>]]
 
Badan usaha milik negara, [[ACTEW Corporation]], mengelola infrastruktur air dan limbah di Canberra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/About/Who-are-we/What-we-do.aspx |title=What we do |publisher=[[ACTEW]] |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403000353/http://www.actew.com.au/About/Who-are-we/What-we-do.aspx |archivedate=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[ActewAGL]] adalah usaha patungan ACTEW dan [[Australian Gas Light Company|AGL]] dan merupakan pemasok utilitas air, gas alam, listrik, dan telekomunikasi melalui anak perusahaannya, [[TransACT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actewagl.com.au/About-us/Who-is-ActewAGL.aspx |title=About our business|publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>
 
Air Canberra disimpan di empat waduk, Corin, Bendora, dan bendungan Cotter di [[Sungai Cotter]], dan Bendungan Googong di Sungai Queanbeyan. Meski Bendungan Googong terletak di New South Wales, pengelolaannya ditangani oleh Pemerintah ACT.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Water-Supply-System/The-water-network.aspx |publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |title=The Water Network |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328102934/http://www.actew.com.au/Water-Supply-System/The-water-network.aspx |archivedate=28 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ACTEW Corporation mengoperasikan dua instalasi pengolahan limbah di [[Fyshwick, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Fyshwick]] dan hilir [[Sungai Molonglo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Fyshwick-Sewage-Treament-Plant.aspx |title=Fyshwick Sewage Treatment Plant |publisher=[[ActewAGL]] |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312003432/http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Fyshwick-Sewage-Treament-Plant.aspx |archivedate=12 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Lower-Molonglo-Water-Quality-Control-Centre.aspx |title=Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre |publisher=ActewAGL |accessdate=22 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312003423/http://www.actew.com.au/Sewerage-System/What-is-sewage/Sewage-Treatment-Plants/Lower-Molonglo-Water-Quality-Control-Centre.aspx |archivedate=12 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
[[Energi di Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Listrik di Canberra]] berasal dari jaringan listrik nasional melalui gardu induk di [[Holt, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Holt]] dan [[Fyshwick, Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia|Fyshwick]] (via [[Queanbeyan, New South Wales|Queanbeyan]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/16792/issuespaperelecinfcontestabilityoctober03.pdf |archivedate=20 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202136/http://www.icrc.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/16792/issuespaperelecinfcontestabilityoctober03.pdf|title=Review of Contestable Electricity Infrastructure Workshop |page=13 |format=PDF |date= October 2003|accessdate=10 May 2010|author=Independent Competition and Regulatory Commission}}</ref> Listrik pertama kali dipasok oleh pembangkit listrik tenaga uap di dekat Sungai Molonglo pada tahun 1913 sampai ditutup tahun 1957.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 March 1913|page=5|title=The Founding of Canberra|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15404837|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218035413/http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/15404837|archivedate=18 February 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://client14.matrix01.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/148426/473.pdf |title= 20048. Kingston Powerhouse Historic Precinct (Entry to the ACT Heritage Register) |publisher=ACT Heritage Council |accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> ACT memiliki empat ladang angin yang dibuka tahun 2014 hingga 2017: [[Royalla Solar Farm|Royalla]] (20 megawatt, 2014),<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/australias-largest-solar-farm-opens-in-the-act |title=Australia's largest solar farm opens in the ACT |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=3 September 2014|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> [[Mount Majura Solar Farm|Mount Majura]] (2,3 MW, 2016),<ref name="Solar Choice"/> [[Mugga Lane Solar Park|Mugga Lane]] (13 MW, 2017)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/mugga-lane-solar-farm-opens-bringing-act-to-35-per-cent-renewable-energy-20170302-gup673.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302110650/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/mugga-lane-solar-farm-opens-bringing-act-to-35-per-cent-renewable-energy-20170302-gup673.html |archivedate=2 March 2017 |dead-url=no|title=Mugga Lane solar farm opens, bringing ACT to 35 per cent renewable energy |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=2 March 2017|accessdate=1 December 2017}}</ref> dan [[Williamsdale Solar Farm|Williamsdale]] (11 MW, 2017).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/government-unveils-36000-new-solar-panels-at-williamsdale-20171004-gyu8z8.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129172410/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/government-unveils-36000-new-solar-panels-at-williamsdale-20171004-gyu8z8.html |archivedate=29 November 2017 |dead-url=no|title=Government unveils 36,000 new solar panels at Williamsdale |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=5 October 2017|accessdate=1 December 2017}}</ref> Selain itu, banyak rumah di Canberra memiliki panel surya dan/atau sistem pemanas air bertenaga surya. Pada tahun 2015/16, sistem panel surya atap yang dibantu oleh Pemerintah ACT berkapasitas 26,3 megawatt dan menghasilkan 34.910 MWh. Pada tahun itu juga, skema panel surya yang didukung produsen memiliki kapasitas 25,2 megawatt dan mengekspor 28.815 MWh ke jaringan listrik nasional (listrik yang dikonsumsi secara lokal tidak dihitung).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/1021129/2016-15-Annual-FiT-Report-Access.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309143807/https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/1021129/2016-15-Annual-FiT-Report-Access.pdf|archivedate=9 March 2017|dead-url=no|title= 2015–16 Annual Feed-in Tariff Report|page=7|publisher=ACT Government |accessdate=8 December 2017}}</ref>
 
Tidak ada pembangkit listrik bertenaga angin di Canberra, tetapi ada beberapa turbin yang sudah atau sedang dibangun atau direncanakan di New South Wales seperti [[Capital Wind Farm]] yang berkapasitas 140,7 megawatt. Pemerintah ACT mengumumkan pada tahun 2013 bahwa mereka menaikkan target konsumsi listrik bersumber terbarukan hingga 90% pada 2020,<ref name=renewable>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2013/act-sets-90-renewable-energy-target-in-law7 |title=ACT sets 90% renewable energy target in law |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=4 November 2013|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> naik dari 210 menjadi 550 megawatt.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/large-scale-feed-in-tariff-law-expanded-to-meet-90-renewables-target |title=Large scale feed-in tariff law expanded to meet 90% renewables target |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=27 February 2014|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah juga mengumumkan pada Februari 2015 bahwa tiga ladang angin di Victoria dan Australia selatan akan memasok 200 megawatt listrik dan beroperasi pada 2017.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2015/wind-auction-result-delivers-renewable-energy-and-economic-benefits-to-the-act |title=Wind auction result delivers renewable energy and economic benefits to the ACT |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=6 February 2015|accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Kontrak pembelian listrik sebesar 200 megawatt per tahun dari dua ladang angin di Australia Selatan dan New South Wales diumumkan pada Desember 2015 dan Maret 2016.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2015/hornsdale-achieves-new-record-price-in-acts-second-wind-auction |title=Hornsdale achieves new record price in ACT's second wind auction |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=21 December 2015|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2016/new-wind-farm-set-to-power-more-than-just-canberra-homes |title=New wind farm set to power more than just Canberra homes |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=4 March 2016|accessdate=4 March 2016}}</ref> Pemerintah ACT mengumumkan pada tahun 2014 bahwa skema harga listrik ''feed-in'' sebesar 23 megawatt akan dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan pembangkit listrik bertenaga limbah rumah tangga dan bisnis di ACT atau daerah sekitarnya pada tahun 2020.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2014/turning-waste-into-energy |title=Turning waste into energy |publisher=[[ACT Government]]|date=7 March 2014|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref>
 
ACT memiliki tingkat akses internet rumah tertinggi di Australia (94&nbsp;persen rumah pada tahun 2014–15).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/8146.02014-15?OpenDocument | title = 8146.0 - Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2014-15 | publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=18 February 2016|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref>
 
==Hubungan internasional==