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[[ImageBerkas:Japan cities.png|thumbjmpl|Cities of Japan]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Jepang| API]]
[[Kategori:Pembagian administratif Jepang]]
[[Image:Japan cities.png|thumb|Cities of Japan]]
{{Administrative divisions of Japan}}
A {{Nihongo|'''city'''|市|shi}} is a local [[Public administration|administrative]] unit in [[Japan]]. Cities are ranked on the same level as {{nihongo|[[Towns of Japan|towns]]|町|machi}} and {{nihongo|[[Villages of Japan|villages]]|村|mura}}, with the difference that they are not a component of {{nihongo|[[Districts of Japan|districts]]|郡|gun}}. Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the [[Local Autonomy Law]] of 1947.<ref>[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]], e-gov database of legal texts: [http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO067.html Chihōjichihō]</ref><ref>[[Ministry of Justice (Japan)|Ministry of Justice]], Japanese Law Translation Database System: [http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=281&vm=04&re=02&new=1 Local Autonomy Act]</ref>
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Article 8 of the Local Autonomy Law sets the following conditions for a municipality to be designated as a city:
 
* Population must generally be 50,000 or greater (原則として人口5万人以上)
* At least 60% of households must be established in a central urban area (中心市街地の戸数が全戸数の6割以上)
* At least 60% of households must be employed in commerce, industry or other urban occupations (商工業等の都市的業態に従事する世帯人口が全人口の6割以上)
* Any other conditions set by prefectural ordinance must be satisfied (他に当該都道府県の条例で定める要件を満たしていること)
 
The designation is approved by the prefectural governor and the [[Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications]].
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By 1945, the number of cities countrywide had increased to 205. After WWII, their number almost doubled during the "great Shōwa mergers" of the 1950s and continued to grow so that it surpassed the number of towns in the early 21st century (see the [[List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan]]).<ref>MIC: [http://www.soumu.go.jp/gapei/gapei2.html Timeline of number of municipalities since the Great Meiji mergers]</ref> As of October 1 2018, there are 792 cities of Japan.<ref>[http://www.mayors.or.jp/ Zenkoku shichōkai (全国市長会; nationwide association of city and special ward mayors)]</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Administrative division]]
* [[Urban area]]
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{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/japanese-mayors.html Directory of current Japanese city leaders and outline of system (2012)]
* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/usr/2011/692764/ "Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s,"] by A.J. Jacobs at ''Urban Studies Research,'' Vol. 2011 (2011); [[doi:10.1155/2011/692764]]
* [http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~coslog/activity/01/04/file/Bunyabetsu-20_en.pdf "Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows Japanese city types at p. 1 <nowiki>[PDF 7 of 40]</nowiki>]
 
[[Category:Kota di Japan| ]]
{{Japan topics}}
 
[[Kategori:Kota di Jepang| API]]
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[[CategoryKategori:Kota di Japan| ]]