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* [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], Presiden [[Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Robert McNamara]], Menteri Pertahanan Amerika Serikat
* [[Leonid Brezhnev]], Pemimpin [[Soviet]]<!--
== Aftermath ==
The political importance of the 1967 War was immense; Israel demonstrated that it was able and willing to initiate strategic strikes that could change the regional balance. Egypt and Syria learned tactical lessons and would [[Yom Kippur War|launch an attack in 1973]] in an attempt to reclaim their lost territory.<ref>Brams & Togman 1998, p. 243; Youngs 2001, p. 12</ref>
After following other Arab nations in declaring war, Mauritania remained in a [[Mauritania-Israel war of 1967|declared state of war]] with Israel until about 1999.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/features/inbedwithphillip/episodes/151-amos-oz/ [[Amos Oz]] interview with [[Phillip Adams]],] 10 September 1991, re-broadcast on [[ABC Radio National]] 23 December 2011</ref> The United States imposed an embargo on new arms agreements to all Middle East countries, including Israel. The embargo remained in force until the end of the year, despite urgent Israeli requests to lift it.<ref name="Quandt2001p43" />
=== Israel and Zionism ===
Following the war, Israel experienced a wave of national euphoria, and the press praised the military's performance for weeks afterward. New "victory coins" were minted to celebrate. In addition, the world's interest in Israel grew, and the country's economy, which had been in crisis before the war, flourished due to an influx of tourists and donations, as well as the extraction of oil from the Sinai's wells.<ref>Oren, p. 309</ref> The aftermath of the war also saw a [[baby boom]], which lasted for four years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/hmo-data-show-lebanon-war-triggered-baby-boom-in-israel-1.214803|title=HMO Data Show Lebanon War Triggered Baby Boom in Israel|first=|last=Reuters|date=6 March 2007|publisher=|via=Haaretz}}</ref>
The aftermath of the war is also of religious significance. Under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]], Jews were expelled from Jerusalem and were effectively barred from visiting the [[Western Wall]], despite Article VIII of the [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Jordan|1949 Armistice Agreement]] demanded Israeli Jewish access to the Western Wall.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet No. 52, Remembering the Six Day War |date=7 May 2007 |accessdate=28 March 2008 |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/talking/52_Remembering67.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514225632/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/talking/52_Remembering67.html |archivedate=14 May 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tessler |first=Mark A. |title=A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1994 |page=326 |isbn=0-253-35848-5}}</ref> Jewish holy sites were not maintained, and Jewish cemeteries had been desecrated. After the annexation to Israel, each religious group was granted administration over its holy sites. For the first time since 1948, Jews could visit the Old City of Jerusalem and pray at the Western Wall, the holiest site where Jews are permitted to pray, an event celebrated every year during [[Yom Yerushalayim]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Aikman |first=David |title=Great Souls: Six Who Changed a Century |publisher=Lexington Books |year=1998 |page=349 |isbn=0-7391-0438-1}}</ref> Despite the [[Temple Mount]] being the most important holy site in Jewish tradition, the [[al-Aqsa Mosque]] has been under sole administration of the Jordanian Muslim [[Waqf]], and Jews are barred from praying on the Temple Mount, although they are allowed to visit it.<ref>[http://jcpa.org/article/status-quo-on-temple-mount/ The "Status Quo" on the Temple Mount] November–December 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-in-the-unholy-grip-of-religious-fervor/ Jerusalem in the unholy grip of religious fervor], Times of Israel. 6 November 2014</ref> In Hebron, Jews gained access to the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]] – the second most holy site in Judaism, after the Temple Mount – for the first time since the 14th century (previously Jews were allowed to pray only at the entrance).<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm Cave of the Patriarchs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318073338/http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm |date=18 March 2015 }} Chabad.org</ref> Other Jewish holy sites, such as [[Rachel's Tomb]] in Bethlehem and [[Joseph's Tomb]] in Nablus, also became accessible.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom Selwyn|title=Contested Mediterranean Spaces: The Case of Rachel's Tomb, Bethlehem, Palestine|publisher=[[Berghahn Books]]|pages=276–278}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archaeology in Israel: Joseph's Tomb |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/joetomb.html}}</ref>
The war inspired the [[Jewish diaspora]], which was swept up in overwhelming support for Israel. According to Michael Oren, the war enabled American Jews to "walk with their backs straight and flex their political muscle as never before. American Jewish organizations which had previously kept Israel at arms length suddenly proclaimed their Zionism."<ref>Oren, p. 332</ref> Thousands of Jewish immigrants arrived from Western countries such as the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[France]], and [[South Africa]] after the war. Many of them returned to their countries of origin after a few years; one survey found that 58% of American Jews who immigrated to Israel between 1961 and 1972 returned to the US. Nevertheless, this immigration to Israel of Jews from Western countries, which was previously only a trickle, was a significant force for the first time.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/dailybrief/.premium-1.636848 The Rise – and Rise – of French Jewry's Immigration to Israel] Judy Maltz, 13 January 2015. haaretz.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/anglo-file/the-40th-anniversary-of-the-six-day-war-rate-of-return-1.221976|title=The 40th anniversary of the Six-Day War / Rate of return|date=1 June 2007|work=Haaretz|accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref> Most notably, the war stirred Zionist passions among Jews in the [[Soviet Union]], who had by that time been forcibly assimilated. Many Soviet Jews subsequently applied for exit visas and began protesting for their right to immigrate to Israel. Following diplomatic pressure from the West, the Soviet government began granting exit visas to Jews in growing numbers. From 1970 to 1988, some 291,000 Soviet Jews were granted exit visas, of whom 165,000 immigrated to Israel and 126,000 immigrated to the United States.<ref>Tolts, Mark. [http://bjpa.org/Publications/downloadPublication.cfm?PublicationID=11924 Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation]</ref> The great rise in Jewish pride in the wake of Israel's victory also fueled the beginnings of the [[baal teshuva movement]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=www.wherewhatwhen.com |title=''The Miracle of '67: Forty Years Since the Six-Day War'' (Rabbi Moshe Goldstein) 2007 |url=http://www.wherewhatwhen.com/read_articles.asp?id=342 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212195151/http://www.wherewhatwhen.com/read_articles.asp?id=342 |archivedate=12 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/30/magazine/american-jews-rediscover-orthodoxy.html?pagewanted=all|title=American Jews rediscover orthodoxy|date=30 September 1984|accessdate=9 October 2017|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Aiken |first=Lisa |title=The Baal Teshuva Survival Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Btma22BvWEoC&pg=PR7&lpg=PR7&dq=six-day+war+baal+teshuva&source=bl&ots=m95A0jSLe5&sig=MOHChyVmDeB_zli0ya1qyFnLmAg&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2t6bi7-LWAhUDHZAKHe6WAfMQ6AEIVjAG#v=onepage&q=six-day%20war%20baal%20teshuva&f=false|publisher=Rossi Publications |year=2009 |page= |isbn=0-9779629-3-8}}</ref> The war gave impetus to a [[Chabad]] campaign in which the [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson|Lubavitcher Rebbe]] directed his followers to put [[tefillin]] on Jewish men around world.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hundert |first=Gershon David |title=Essential Papers on Hasidism |url=https://books.google.co.il/books?id=yzsTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA526&dq=Six-Day+War+tefillin+campaign&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLjp7QvIHbAhVKJ1AKHX0jDQ0Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=Six-Day%20War%20tefillin%20campaign&f=false|publisher=New York University Press |year=1991 |page=526 |isbn=9780814734704}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Heilman |first1=Samuel |last2=Friedman |first2=Menachem |title=The Rebbe: The Life and Afterlife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson |url=https://books.google.co.il/books?id=VWH51mqdpi8C&pg=PA184&dq=Six-Day+War+tefillin+campaign&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLjp7QvIHbAhVKJ1AKHX0jDQ0Q6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=Six-Day%20War%20tefillin%20campaign&f=false|publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2012 |page=184 |isbn=9780691138886}}</ref>
=== Jews in Arab countries ===
{{Main|Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries}}
In the Arab nations, populations of minority Jews faced persecution and expulsion following the Israeli victory. According to historian and ambassador [[Michael B. Oren]]:
<blockquote>Mobs attacked Jewish neighborhoods in Egypt, Yemen, Lebanon, Tunisia, and Morocco, burning synagogues and assaulting residents. A pogrom in [[Tripoli, Libya]], left 18 Jews dead and 25 injured; the survivors were herded into detention centers. Of Egypt's 4,000 Jews, 800 were arrested, including the chief rabbis of both [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]], and their property sequestered by the government. The ancient communities of [[Damascus]] and [[Baghdad]] were placed under house arrest, their leaders imprisoned and fined. A total of 7,000 Jews were expelled, many with merely a [[Satchel (bag)|satchel]].<ref>Oren 2002, pp. 306–07</ref></blockquote>
=== Antisemitism against Jews in Communist countries ===
Following the war, a series of antisemitic purges began in Communist countries.<ref name=RE-R-2>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u75GldeYqUIC&pg=PA390 |title=Excel HSC Modern History|first=Ronald |last=Ringer |page=390 |publisher=Pascal Press |date=2006 |accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="W-R">Włodzimierz Rozenbaum, CIAO: Intermarium, ''National Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies'', Atlanta, Ga., 8–11 October 1975.</ref> Some 11,200 Jews from Poland immigrated to Israel during the [[1968 Polish political crisis]] and the following year.<ref name="ipn238">[http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/en/2/238/Communiqu_Investigation_regarding_communist_state_officers_who_publicly_incited_.html Communiqué: Investigation regarding communist state officers who publicly incited hatred towards people of different nationality.] ''[[Institute of National Remembrance]]'', [[Warsaw]]. Publication on Polish site of IPN: 25 July 2007.</ref>
=== Peace and diplomacy ===
Following the war, Israel made an offer for peace that included the return of most of the recently captured territories. According to [[Chaim Herzog]]:
{{quote|On June 19, 1967, the National Unity Government [of Israel] voted unanimously to return the Sinai to Egypt and the Golan Heights to Syria in return for peace agreements. The Golans would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the Straits of Tiran. The government also resolved to open negotiations with King Hussein of Jordan regarding the Eastern border.<ref>Herzog 1989, p. 253.</ref>}}
The 19 June Israeli cabinet decision did not include the [[Gaza Strip]], and left open the possibility of Israel permanently acquiring parts of the [[West Bank]]. On 25–27 June, Israel incorporated [[East Jerusalem]] together with areas of the West Bank to the north and south into Jerusalem's new municipal boundaries.
The Israeli decision was to be conveyed to the Arab nations by the United States. The U.S. was informed of the decision, but not that it was to transmit it. There is no evidence of receipt from Egypt or Syria, and some historians claim that they may never have received the offer.<ref>Shlaim 2001, p. 254.</ref>
In September, the [[Khartoum Resolution|Khartoum Arab Summit]] resolved that there would be "no peace, no recognition and no negotiation with Israel". However, as [[Avraham Sela]] notes, the Khartoum conference effectively marked a shift in the perception of the conflict by the Arab states away from one centered on the question of Israel's legitimacy, toward one focusing on territories and boundaries. This was shown on 22 November when Egypt and Jordan accepted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242]].<ref>Sela 1997, p. 108.</ref> [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with Israel. In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with [[Israel]] were tantamount to surrender.<ref name="RabinovichShakedp192">{{cite book|author1=Itamar Rabinovich|author2=Haim Shaked|title=From June to October: The Middle East Between 1967 And 1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vNQ3K5HfiHAC&pg=PA192|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-2418-7|page=192|quote=In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with Israel were tantamount to surrender. His efforts to forestall any movement toward direct negotiations ...}}</ref>
After the war, the entire Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe (with the exception of Romania) broke off diplomatic relations with Israel.<ref>{{cite book |last=Webman |first=Esther |title=The Global Impact of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A Century-Old Myth |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=xWusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132&dq=the+Communist+states,+with+the+exception+of+Romania,+broke+off+diplomatic+relations+with+Israel&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=JSrAVI7dLteHsQSIxoCACw&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20Communist%20states%2C%20with%20the%20exception%20of%20Romania%2C%20broke%20off%20diplomatic%20relations%20with%20Israel&f=false |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |page=133 |isbn=978-0-415-59892-7}}</ref>
The 1967 War laid the foundation for future discord in the region, as the Arab states resented Israel's victory and did not want to give up territory.
On 22 November 1967, the [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242|Resolution 242]], the "[[land for peace]]" formula, which called for Israeli withdrawal "from territories occupied" in 1967 and "the termination of all claims or states of belligerency". Resolution 242 recognized the right of "every state in the area to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force." Israel returned the Sinai to Egypt in 1978, after the [[Camp David Accords]], and disengaged from the Gaza Strip in the summer of 2005. Its army frequently re-enters Gaza for military operations and still retains control of the seaports, airports and most of the border crossings.
=== Captured territories and Arab displaced populations ===
{{Main|1967 Palestinian exodus}}
There was extensive displacement of populations in the captured territories: of about one million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, 300,000 (according to the [[United States Department of State]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3464.htm |title=US State Department}}</ref> either fled, or were displaced from their homes, to Jordan, where they contributed to the growing unrest.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3629923.stm|title=Right of return: Palestinian dream |publisher=BBC News|place=UK|date=15 April 2004}}.</ref> The other 700,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/www.thejerusalemfund.org/carryover/stats/dist_pop_67.html |title=Distribution of the Palestinian Population And Jewish Settlers In the West Bank and Gaza Since 1967 |accessdate=17 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514174927/http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/www.thejerusalemfund.org/carryover/stats/dist_pop_67.html |archivedate=14 May 2010 |df= }}</ref> remained. In the Golan Heights, an estimated 80,000 Syrians fled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://i-cias.com/e.o/golan_h.htm |title=Golan Heights |accessdate=8 October 2005}}</ref> Israel allowed only the inhabitants of East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights to receive full Israeli citizenship, applying its law, administration and jurisdiction to these territories in 1967 and 1981, respectively. The vast majority of the populations in both territories declined to take citizenship. See also [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] and [[Golan Heights]].
In his book ''Righteous Victims'' (1999), Israeli "[[New Historian]]" [[Benny Morris]] writes:
{{quote|In three villages southwest of Jerusalem and at Qalqilya, houses were destroyed "not in battle, but as punishment ... and in order to chase away the inhabitants ... contrary to government ... policy," Dayan wrote in his memoirs. In Qalqilya, about a third of the homes were razed and about 12,000 inhabitants were evicted, though many then camped out in the environs. The evictees in both areas were allowed to stay and later were given cement and tools by the Israeli authorities to rebuild at least some of their dwellings.
But many thousands of other Palestinians now took to the roads. Perhaps as many as seventy thousand, mostly from the Jericho area, fled during the fighting; tens of thousands more left over the following months. Altogether, about one-quarter of the population of the West Bank, about 200–250,000 people, went into exile. ... They simply walked to the Jordan River crossings and made their way on foot to the East Bank. It is unclear how many were intimidated or forced out by the Israeli troops and how many left voluntarily, in panic and fear. There is some evidence of IDF soldiers going around with loudspeakers ordering West Bankers to leave their homes and cross the Jordan. Some left because they had relatives or sources of livelihood on the East Bank and feared being permanently cut off.
Thousands of Arabs were taken by bus from East Jerusalem to the [[Allenby Bridge]], though there is no evidence of coercion. The free Israeli-organized transportation, which began on June 11, 1967, went on for about a month. At the bridge they had to sign a document stating that they were leaving of their own free will. Perhaps as many as 70,000 people emigrated from the Gaza Strip to Egypt and elsewhere in the Arab world.
On July 2, the Israeli government announced that it would allow the return of those 1967 refugees who desired to do so, but no later than August 10, later extended to September 13. The Jordanian authorities probably pressured many of the refugees, who constituted an enormous burden, to sign up to return. In practice only 14,000 of the 120,000 who applied were allowed by Israel back into the West Bank by the beginning of September. After that, only a trickle of "special cases" were allowed back, perhaps 3,000 in all. (328–29)}}
In addition, between 80,000 and 110,000 Syrians fled the Golan Heights,<ref>Morris (2001) p. 327</ref> of which about 20,000 were from the city of Quneitra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487614/al-Qunaytirah|title=Al-Qunayṭirah |accessdate=18 July 2010 |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online |year=2010}}</ref> According to more recent research by the Israeli daily ''[[Haaretz]]'', a total of 130,000 Syrian inhabitants fled or were expelled from the territory, most of them pushed out by the Israeli army.<ref>Shay Fogelman, [http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-disinherited-1.304959 "The disinherited"], ''Haaretz'', 30 July 2010</ref>
=== Long term ===
Israel made peace with Egypt following the [[Camp David Accords]] of 1978 and completed a staged withdrawal from the Sinai in 1982. However, the position of the other [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied territories]] has been a long-standing and bitter cause of conflict for decades between Israel and the Palestinians, and the Arab world in general. Jordan and Egypt eventually withdrew their claims to sovereignty over the West Bank and Gaza, respectively. Israel and Jordan signed a [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty|peace treaty in 1994]].
After the Israeli conquest of these newly acquired territories, the [[Gush Emunim]] movement launched a [[Israeli settlement|large settlement effort]] in these areas to secure a permanent foothold. There are now hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers in the West Bank. They are a matter of controversy within Israel, both among the general population and within different political administrations, supporting them to varying degrees. Palestinians consider them a provocation. The Israeli settlements in Gaza were evacuated in August 2005 as a part of [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|Israel's disengagement from Gaza]].
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== Lihat pula ==
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