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Baris 73:
Menurut pandangan Trinitaris, Bapa dan Putra dan Roh Kudus berbagi satu esensi, substansi, atau hakikat yang sama. Penegasan sentral dan krusial mengenai iman Kristen adalah bahwa terdapat satu juruselamat, Allah, dan satu keselamatan, dimanifestasikan dalam Yesus Kristus, yang dapat diakses hanya karena Roh Kudus. Allah Perjanjian Lama masih sama dengan Allah Perjanjian Baru. Dalam Kekristenan, pernyataan-pernyataan mengenai satu Allah tunggal dimaksudkan untuk membedakan pemahaman Ibrani dari pandangan [[politeisme|politeistik]], yang memandang kuasa ilahi dimiliki bersama oleh beberapa hakikat yang dapat saling berselisih paham dan terlibat konflik antara satu dengan yang lainnya.
 
=== Satu Allah sebagai tiga pribadi ===
<!--Ditautkan dari [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]]-->
{{Annotated image
| caption = Diagram "[[Perisai Trinitas]]" atau ''Scutum Fidei'' mengenai simbolisme Kristen Barat abad pertengahan menurut tradisi.
| header =
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{{Annotation|18|25|<br/>'''[[Allah Bapa|Bapa]]'''}}
{{Annotation|240|35|'''[[Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus|Putra]]'''}}
Baris 134 ⟶ 135:
 
=== Aspek politis ===
[[Richard E. Rubenstein]] mengatakan bahwa [[Konstantinus Agung]] dan [[Hosius dari Korduba]] penasihatnya menyadari akan perlunya gereja yang ditetapkan secara ilahi yang di dalamnya otoritas gereja, dan bukan individu, mampu menentukan keselamatan individu, sehingga mereka mendukung rumusan Nicea [[homoousion]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rubinstein|first=Richard|title=When Jesus Became God, The Struggle to Define Christianity During the Last Days of Rome|page=64}}</ref> Menurut Eusebius, Konstantinus mengusulkan istilah ''homoousios'' pada Konsili Nicea, kendati kebanyakan akademisi meragukan kalau Konstantinus memiliki pengetahuan terkait hal tersebut dan mereka menganggap bahwa kemungkinan besar Hosius yang telah mengusulkan istilah tersebut kepadanya.<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&hl=id&id=NgPI7Jt1HewC&q=Constantine+suggested+the+initial+use+of+the+term+homoousios#v=snippet&q=Constantine%20suggested%20the%20initial%20use%20of%20the%20term%20homoousios&f=false |title=The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies |page=432 |publisher=OUP Oxford |year=2008}}</ref> Di kemudian hari Konstantinus mengubah pandangannya mengenai kaum Arian, yang menentang rumusan Nicea, dan mendukung para uskup yang menolak rumusan tersebut,<ref>[http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/godsreligion/p/aa082499.htm N.S.Gill, "The Arian Controversy and the Council of Nicea"]</ref> sebagaimana dilakukan oleh beberapa penerusnya, sementara kaisar pertama yang dibaptis dalam keimanan Nicea adalah [[Theodosius I|Teodosius Agung]] (kaisar dari tahun 379 sampai 395).<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc3.iii.vi.xv.html Philip Schaff, ''History of the Christian Church. Volume III. Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity'', fifth edition revised, §27]</ref>
 
== Latar belakang dalam Alkitab ==
Baris 215 ⟶ 216:
== Pandangan Islam ==
[[Islam]] memandang [[Pandangan Islam tentang Yesus|Yesus]] sebagai salah seorang [[Nabi Islam|nabi]], namun tidak ilahi,<ref name="islamency" /> dan [[Allah]] harus benar-benar tak terbagi (suatu konsep yang disebut ''[[tauhid]]'').<ref name="quranency" /> Beberapa ayat dari [[Al-Qur'an]] digunakan untuk memandang bahwa doktrin Trinitas adalah penghujatan.<ref>{{Cite quran|3|79
| end=80
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}}</ref><ref>{{Cite quran|112|1
| end=4
| translator=s
| style= ns
}}</ref>
{{quote|Katakanlah, "Dia-lah Allah, Yang Maha Esa; Allah adalah Tuhan yang bergantung kepada-Nya segala sesuatu; Dia tiada beranak dan tiada pula diperanakkan; dan tidak ada seorang pun yang setara dengan Dia."|Al-Qur'an, [[surah]] 112 ([[Surah Al-Ikhlas|Al-Ikhlas]]), [[ayat]] 1–4<ref>{{Cite quran|112|1
| end= 4
| translator=s
| style= ns
}}</ref>}}
{{Quote|Sesungguhnya kafirlah orang-orang yang mengatakan, "Bahwasanya Allah salah satu dari yang tiga", padahal sekali-kali tidak ada Tuhan (yang berhak disembah) selain Tuhan Yang Esa. Jika mereka tidak berhenti dari apa yang mereka katakan itu, pasti orang-orang yang kafir di antara mereka akan ditimpa siksaan yang pedih.|Al-Qur'an, surah 5 ([[Surah Al-Ma’idah|Al-Ma’idah]]), ayat 73<ref>{{Cite quran|5|73
| translator=s
| style= ns
}}</ref>}}
{{quote|Dan (ingatlah) ketika Allah berfirman, "Hai Isa putra Maryam, adakah kamu mengatakan kepada manusia, "Jadikanlah aku dan ibuku dua orang tuhan selain Allah?" Isa menjawab, "Maha Suci Engkau, tidaklah patut bagiku mengatakan apa yang bukan hakku (mengatakannya). Jika aku pernah mengatakannya maka tentulah Engkau telah mengetahuinya. Engkau mengetahui apa yang ada pada diriku dan aku tidak mengetahui apa yang ada pada diri Engkau. Sesungguhnya Engkau Maha Mengetahui perkara yang gaib-gaib."|Al-Qur'an, surah 5 ([[Surah Al-Ma’idah|Al-Ma’idah]]), ayat 116<ref>{{Cite quran|5|116
| translator=s
| style= ns
}}</ref>}}
 
Baris 272 ⟶ 273:
<ref name="Catholic_Encyclopedia">See discussion in {{CathEncy|wstitle=Person}}</ref>
<ref name="def-lateran">Definition of the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] quoted in [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P17.HTM#1FT Catechism of the Catholic Church, 253]</ref>
<ref name="thelogy-sanity">{{cite web|url=http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2011/fsheed_trinityts_may2011.asp |title=Frank Sheed, '&#39;Theology and Sanity'&#39; |publisher=Ignatiusinsight.com |date= |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="understanding-trinity">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125195638/http://www.credoindeum.org/thetrinity |title=Understanding the Trinity |publisher=Credoindeum.org |date=16 May 2012 |accessdate=16 Aug 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="baltimore-catechism">{{cite web|url=http://quizlet.com/13288028/baltimore-catechism-no-1-lesson-7-flash-cards/ |title=Baltimore Catechism, No. 1, Lesson 7 |publisher=Quizlet.com |date= |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="ccc234">[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P17.HTM#1FT Catechism of the Catholic Church, 234]</ref>-->
<ref name="sysstudy">{{cite book|last=Coppens|first=Charles, S.J.|title=A Systematic Study of the Catholic Religion|year=1903|publisher=B. HERDER|location=St. Louis|url=http://www3.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/sscr.htm}}</ref>
Baris 281 ⟶ 282:
<ref name="chr-theol-intro2">McGrath, Alister E. ''Christian Theology: An Introduction'' Blackwell, Oxford (2001) p.324</ref>
<ref name="early-doctrines">Kelly, J.N.D. ''Early Christian Doctrines'' A & G Black (1965) p. 88</ref>
<ref name="lewis-short">{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2349128 |title=Lewis and Short: '&#39;trinus'&#39; |publisher=Perseus.tufts.edu |date= |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="greek-lexicon">Liddell & Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon.'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23104807 entry for Τριάς], retrieved 19 December 2006</ref>
<ref name="to-autolycus">Theophilus of Antioch, [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/theophilus-book2.html To Autolycus], II.XV (retrieved on 19 December 2006).</ref>
<ref name="Fulton">W.Fulton in the "[[Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics]]"</ref>
<ref name="theandros">{{cite book |title=Theandros an online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology and Philosophy |last=Aboud |first=Ibrahim |date=Fall 2005 |volume=3, number 1 |url=http://www.theandros.com/htrinity.html}}</ref>
<ref name="against-praxeas1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.v.ix.iii.html |title=Against Praxeas, chapter 3 |publisher=Ccel.org |date=1 June 2005 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="against-praxeas2">[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.v.ix.ii.html Against Praxeas, chapter 2] and in other chapters</ref>
<ref name="hist-doctrine">[http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/trinity.htm#3 History of the Doctrine of the Trinity]. Accessed 15 September 2007.</ref>
<ref name="dimming-paul">''See'' [http://www.zenit.org/article-26288?l=english Elizabeth Lev, "Dimming the Pauline Spotlight; Jubilee Fruits", 2009]</ref>
<ref name="dogmatiki">{{cite web|url=http://www.oodegr.com/english/dogmatiki1/C2a.htm#pano |title=Orthodox Outlet for Dogmatic Enquiries: On God|publisher=Oodegr.com |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea, ''Church History'' iii.36</ref>
<ref name="ignatius">{{cite web|url=http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-magnesians-roberts.html |title=St. Ignatius of Antioch to the Magnesians (Shorter Recension), Roberts-Donaldson translation |publisher=Earlychristianwritings.com |date= |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="first-apology">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.ii.lxi.html |title=First Apology, LXI |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="theophilus2">Theophilus, Apologia ad Autolycum, Book II, Chapter 15</ref>
<ref name="tertullian">Tertullian Against Praxeas</ref>
Baris 299 ⟶ 300:
<ref name="americana">''The Encyclopedia Americana'' (1956), Vol. XXVII, p. 294L</ref>
<ref name="dictionnnaire">Nouveau Dictionnaire Universel (Paris, 1865–1870), Vol. 2, p. 1467.</ref>
<ref name="cathenc-paul">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11589a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: article:'&#39;Paul of Samosata'&#39; |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 February 1911 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="chadwick">Chadwick, Henry. ''The Early Church'' Pelican/Penguin (1967) p.87</ref>
<ref name="oxford-arianism">"Arianism" in Cross, F.L. & Livingstone, E.A. (eds) ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (1974)</ref>
<ref name="dedecretis">{{cite web|url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-34.htm#TopOfPage |title=Athanasius: De Decretis or Defence of the Nicene Definition, Introduction, 19 |publisher=Tertullian.org |date=6 August 2004 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="athanasius">{{cite web|url=http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/152.html |title=Athanasius, Bishop of Alexanria, Theologian, Doctor |publisher=Justus.anglican.org |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BEoWR">"Trinity". Britannica Encyclopaedia of World Religions. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.</ref>
<ref name="oxford-athanasius">On Athanasius, ''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', Edited by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. Third edition. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.</ref>
Baris 316 ⟶ 317:
<ref name="Stagg">Stagg, Frank. ''New Testament Theology.'' Broadman Press, 1962. ISBN 978-0-8054-1613-8, pp. 38 ff.</ref>
<ref name="grudem-intro">Grudem, Wayne A. 1994. ''Systematic theology an introduction to biblical doctrine.'' Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press. Page 226.</ref>
<ref name="athanasian-creed">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/creeds/athanasian.creed.html |title=Athanasian Creed |publisher=Ccel.org |date= |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="prolegomena">Barth, Karl, and Geoffrey William Bromiley. 1975. ''The doctrine of the word of God prolegomena to church dogmatics, being volume I'', 1. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. Pages 348–9.</ref>
<ref name="Auto4B-36">Thomas, and Anton Charles Pegis. 1997. ''Basic writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Pub. Pages 307–9.</ref>
<ref name="de-smet">For 'person', see[[Richard De Smet]], ''A Short History of the Person'', available in ''Brahman and Person: Essays by Richard De Smet'', ed. Ivo Coelho (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2010).</ref>
<ref name="hilary-john">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf209.ii.v.ii.iii.html |title=NPNF2-09. Hilary of Poitiers, John of Damascus &#124; Christian Classics Ethereal Library |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="losservatore95">[http://web.archive.org/web/20091026205632/http://www.geocities.com/trvalentine/orthodox/vatican_clar_images.html Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity: The Greek and the Latin Traditions regarding the Procession of the Holy Spirit] (scanned image of the English translation on ''L'Osservatore Romano'' of 20 September 1995); also [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/8410/filioque.html&date=2009-10-25+05:54:33 text with Greek letters transliterated] and [http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/PCCUFILQ.HTM text omitting two sentences at the start of the paragraph that it presents as beginning with "The Western tradition expresses first ..."]</ref>
<ref name="priscilla20">[[Phillip Cary]], Priscilla Papers Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn 2006</ref>
<ref name="despiritu">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf208.vii.ix.html |title=Basil the Great, De Spiritu Sancto, NPNF, Vol 8 |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="athanasius3">Athanasius, 3.29 (p. 409)</ref>
<ref name="basil">Basil "Letters", NPNF, Vol 8, 189.7 (p. 32)</ref>
<ref name="Rusch 1980 2">{{cite book|editor-last=Rusch|editor-first=William G.|chapter=Introduction|last=Rusch|first=William G.|title=The Trinitarian Controversy|year=1980|publisher=[[Fortress Press]]{{subscription required}}|location=Minneapolis|url=http://www.questia.com/library/119008634/the-trinitarian-controversy|page=2}}</ref>
<ref name="britannica-nt">"Neither the word Trinity nor the explicit doctrine appears in the New Testament ... the New Testament established the basis for the doctrine of the Trinity"[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073399/Trinity (Encyclopædia Britannica Online: article ''Trinity'').]</ref>
<ref name="EB">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073399/Trinity|title=Trinity|publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="OxfComp">The Oxford Companion to the Bible (ed. Bruce Metzger and Michael Coogan) 1993, p. 782–3.</ref>
<ref name="McGrath1">[[Alister McGrath|McGrath, Alister E.]]''Understanding the Trinity.'' Zondervan, 9789 ISBN 0-310-29681-1</ref>
Baris 334 ⟶ 335:
<ref name="1john5">See, for instance, the note in {{bibleref2|1John|5:7–8||1 Jn 5:7–8}}.</ref>
<ref name="metzger-nt">Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, 2d ed. Oxford University'', 1968 p.101</ref>
<ref name="bbc-john">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A29321381 |title=The Presentation of Jesus in John's Gospel |publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date= |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="brown-john">Brown, Raymond E. ''The Anchor Bible: The Gospel According to John'' (XIII–XXI), pp. 1026, 1032</ref>
<ref name="fourth-gospel">Hoskyns, Edwyn Clement (ed Davey F.N.) ''The Fourth Gospel'' Faber & Faber, 1947 p.142 commenting on "without him was not any thing made that was made."{{bibleref2c|John|1:3}}</ref>
<ref name="veritas">[http://www.dioceseduluth.org/cmanager/File/Catechesis/Aug%20%2708%20-%20Veritatis%20Splendor.pdf St. Paul helps us understand truths about Jesus] {{wayback|url=http://www.dioceseduluth.org/cmanager/File/Catechesis/Aug%20%2708%20-%20Veritatis%20Splendor.pdf |date=20090326160834 |df=y }}</ref>
<ref name="simonetti">Simonetti, Manlio. "Matthew 14–28." New Testament Volume 1b, ''Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture.'' Intervarsity Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8308-1469-5</ref>
<ref name="de-trinitate1">St. Augustine of Hippo,''De Trinitate'', Book I, Chapter 3.</ref>
Baris 343 ⟶ 344:
<ref name="basil19">St. Basil the Great, ''On the Holy Spirit'' Chapter 19.</ref>
<ref name="basil21">St. Basil the Great, ''On the Holy Spirit'' Chapter 21.</ref>
<ref name="CE:Pneumatomachi">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12174a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: article '&#39;Pneumatomachi'&#39;|publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 June 1911 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="jerusalem">New Jerusalem Bible, Standard Edition published 1985, introductions and notes are a translation of those that appear in La Bible de Jerusalem—revised edition 1973, Bombay 2002; footnote to Joh 14:16.</ref>
<ref name="zondervan">Zondervan NIV (New International Version) Study Bible, 2002, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; footnote to Joh 14:17.</ref>
Baris 349 ⟶ 350:
<ref name="wisdom">Lihat [[Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo#Interpretasi Mesianis oleh kalangan Kristen]]</ref>
<ref name="ODCC">The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press, 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article ''Trinity, doctrine of the''</ref>
<ref name="CE:Trinity">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15047a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: article '&#39;The Blessed Trinity'&#39;|publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 October 1912 |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="ERTrinity">"Encyclopedia of Religion", Vol. 14, p.9360, on Trinity</ref>
<ref name="nazianzen">Gregory Nazianzen, ''Orations'', 31.26</ref>
<ref name="letellier">For the two chapters as a single text, see
[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=t92-lwQVwrAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=abraham+trinity+genesis&ots=c2dCxTAmG_&sig=BmRsq6HaklZCFSkRtm9gBmxsPAg#PPA37,M1 Letellier, Robert. ''Day in Mamre, night in Sodom: Abraham and Lot in Genesis 18 and 19.'' [[Brill Publishers]]: 1995.ISBN 978-90-04-10250-7 pp.37ff. Web: 9 January 2010]</ref>
<ref name="Watson">{{cite web|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/journals/ssr/issues/volume2/number3/ssr02-03-e02.html|title=Francis Watson, Abraham's Visitors, The Journal of Scriptural Reasoning, Number 2.3, September 2002|publisher=Etext.lib.virginia.edu |date= |accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="swedenborg1">Swedenborg, Emanuel. ''Heavenly Arcana'', 1749–58. Rotch Edition. New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1907, in the ''Divine Revelation of the New Jerusalem'' (2012), n. 2149, 2156, 2218.</ref>
<ref name="swedenborg2">Swedenborg, n. 2319–2320.</ref>
<ref name="swedenborg3">Swedenborg, n. 10617.</ref>
<ref name="trinity-ot">[http://www.biblicalresources.info/pages/ot1/trinityot.html The Trinity in the Old Testament] {{wayback|url=http://www.biblicalresources.info/pages/ot1/trinityot.html |date=20101209095120 |df=y }}</ref>
<ref name="hurtado">[https://books.google.com/books?id=k32wZRMxltUC Larry W. Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 ISBN 0-8028-3167-2] pp. 573–578</ref>
<ref name="bakerdict">{{cite web|url=http://www.studylight.org/dic/bed/view.cgi?n=33 |title=Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology: '&#39;Angel of the Lord'&#39; |publisher=Studylight.org |date=|accessdate=2 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="vonharnack">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma1.ii.iii.iii.html|title=History of Dogma|accessdate=15 June 2007|last=von Harnack|first=Adolf |authorlink=Adolf von Harnack|date=1 March 1894 |quote=[In the 2nd century,] Jesus was either regarded as the man whom God hath chosen, in whom the Deity or the Spirit of God dwelt, and who, after being tested, was adopted by God and invested with dominion, (Adoptionist Christology); or Jesus was regarded as a heavenly spiritual being (the highest after God) who took flesh, and again returned to heaven after the completion of his work on earth (pneumatic Christology)}}</ref>▼
 
<ref name="islamency">{{cite book |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |last2=Smith |first2=Huston |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=0759101906 |pages=239–241}}</ref>▼
▲<ref name="vonharnack">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma1.ii.iii.iii.html|title=History of Dogma|accessdate=15 June 2007|last=von Harnack|first=Adolf |authorlink=Adolf von Harnack|date=1 March 1894 |quote=[In the 2nd century,] Jesus was either regarded as the man whom God hath chosen, in whom the Deity or the Spirit of God dwelt, and who, after being tested, was adopted by God and invested with dominion, (Adoptionist Christology); or Jesus was regarded as a heavenly spiritual being (the highest after God) who took flesh, and again returned to heaven after the completion of his work on earth (pneumatic Christology)}}</ref>
▲<ref name="islamency">{{cite book |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |last2=Smith |first2=Huston |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=0759101906 |pages=239–241}}</ref>
<ref name="quranency">''[[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]]''. Thomas, David. 2006. Volume V: ''Trinity''.</ref>
 
}}
 
=== Referensi lain ===
* <!--<ref name="RoutledgeEnc">-->Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online, on Trinity, [http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/K105?ssid=102691941&n=1# Link]<!--Moved here from References to get rid of "cite error" msgs. Ref names retained, in case someone can insert any of these references into the main body.</ref>--><!--<ref name="summa27-1">Aquinas, ''Summa Theologica'', Q. 27, Art. 1.</ref>--><!--<ref name="summa27-5">Aquinas, ''Summa Theologica'', Q. 27, Art. 5.</ref>--><!--<ref name="summa30-1">Aquinas, ''Summa Theologica'', Q. 30, Art. 1.</ref>--><!--<ref name="summa30-2">Aquinas, ''Summa Theologica'', Q. 30, Art. 2.</ref>--><!--<ref name="hilary-ontrinity2-6">Hilary, ''On the Trinity'', book II, n. 6.</ref>--><!--<ref name="hilary-ontrinity2-8">Hilary, ''On the Trinity'', book II, n. 8–9.</ref>--><!--<ref name="hilary-ontrinity7-40">Hilary, ''On the Trinity'', book VII, n. 40.</ref>--><!--<ref name="hilary-ontrinity7-41">Hilary, ''On the Trinity'', book VII, n. 41.</ref>--><!--<ref name="odcc-trinity">''Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'' (1974) "Trinity, Doctrine of the"</ref>--><!--<ref name="aug-ontrinity1">Augustine, ''On the Trinity'', book I, ch. 10.</ref>--><!--<ref name="aug-ontrinity4">Augustine, ''On the Trinity'', book IV, ch. 21; book V, ch. 9; book VII, ch. 4.</ref>--><!--<ref name="aug-ontrinity8">Augustine, ''On the Trinity'', book VIII, ch. 5.</ref>-->
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Trinity|editor1-last=Emery|editor1-first=Gilles, O.P.|editor2-last=Levering|editor2-first=Matthew|isbn=978-0199557813|year=2012}}
* {{cite book |title=The Quest for the Trinity: The Doctrine of God in Scripture, History and Modernity|last=Holmes|first=Stephen R.|isbn=9780830839865|year=2012}}
* Dolezal, James. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijst.12016/abstract "Trinity, Simplicity and the Status of God's Personal Relations"], ''International Journal of Systematic Theology'' 16 (1) (2014): 79–98.
* [[Paul Fiddes|Fiddes, Paul]], ''Participating in God : a pastoral doctrine of the Trinity'' (London: Darton, Longman, & Todd, 2000).
Baris 385 ⟶ 384:
* So, Damon W. K., [http://www.jesus-trinity.co.uk/another-book ''Jesus' Revelation of His Father: A Narrative-Conceptual Study of the Trinity with Special Reference to Karl Barth''.] (Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2006). ISBN 1-84227-323-X.
* Hillar, Marian, ''From Logos to Trinity. The Evolution of Religious Beliefs from Pythagoras to Tertullian.'' (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
* {{citation |last= Tuggy |first= Dale |title= Trinity (History of Trinitarian Doctrines) |url= http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html |work= [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |date= Summer 2014 }}
* Feazell, J. and Morrison, M. (2013). ''[https://www.gci.org/youreincluded You're Included] — Complete List of Trinitarian Conversations, 108 Interviews With 25 Theologians: Ray S. Anderson, Douglas A. Campbell, Elmer Colyer, Gerrit Scott Dawson, Cathy Deddo, Gary W. Deddo, Gordon Fee, Trevor Hart, George Hunsinger, Christian Kettler, C. Baxter Kruger, John E. McKenna, Jeff McSwain, Steve McVey, Paul Louis Metzger, Paul Molnar, Roger Newell, Cherith Fee Nordling, Robin Parry, Andrew Purves, Andrew Root, Alan Torrance, David Torrance, Robert T. Walker, William Paul Young''. 4th ed. [https://www.gci.org/youreincluded ebook] Grace Communion International, pp.&nbsp;1–1279.
* [[Eugene Webb|Webb, Eugene]], ''In Search of The Triune God: The Christian Paths of East and West'' (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2014)
 
== Pranala luar ==
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritunggal"