Aztek: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| caption3 = [[Lambang Meksiko]]
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Setelah Meksiko berhasil meraih kemerdekaannya pada tahun 1821 dan menjadi sebuah negara monarki yang disebut [[Kekaisaran Meksiko Pertama|Kekaisaran Meksiko]], di [[Bendera Meksiko|benderanya]] terpampang lambang tradisional Aztek berupa seekor burung elang yang sedang hinggap di atas bonggol kaktus nopal. Di atas kepala elang ini terdapat sebuah mahkota yang merupakan lambang monarki Meksiko yang baru. Setelah sistem monarki dijatuhkan pada tahun 1822, elang di bendera republik yang baru tidak memiliki mahkota. Pada dasawarsa 1860-an, setelah Prancis mendirikan [[Kekaisaran Meksiko Kedua]] di bawah kepemimpinan [[Maximilian I dari Meksiko|Maximilian]] dari [[Wangsa Habsburg]], di bendera Meksiko masih terdapat lambang elang dan kaktus yang dihiasi dengan simbol-simbol monarki. Kekaisaran ini sendiri tidak bertahan lama dan pasukan Prancis berhasil dikalahkan, sehingga republik pun didirikan kembali, dan benderanya juga menjadi lebih sederhana seperti sebelumnya.{{sfn|Galindo Leal|Sarukhán Kermez|Wright|Carr|2017}} Lambang elang dan kaktus sendiri juga sudah dijadikan [[lambang Meksiko|lambang resmi Republik Meksiko]], dan kini lambang tersebut menghiasi bangunan-bangunan resmi, seals, and signs.{{sfn|Berdan|Anawalt|1997|p=3}}
 
TensionsDi withinMeksiko post-independencepada Mexicomasa pittedsetelah thosekemerdekaan, rejectingterjadi theperseteruan ancientantara civilizations of Mexico as source of national pride, thekelompok ''Hispanistas'', mostly(kebanyakan politicallyterdiri conservativedari Mexicanelit-elit elites,konservatif andMeksiko) thosedan who''Indigenistas'' saw(kebanyakan themadalah aselit aMeksiko sourceyang ofliberal). pride, theKelompok ''IndigenistasHispanistas'', whosecara weretegas mostlymenolak liberalmenjadikan Mexicanperadaban elites.kuno Althoughdi theMeksiko flagsebagai ofkebanggaan thenasional Mexicandan Republickelompok. hadWalaupun thedi symbolbendera ofRepublik theMeksiko Aztecsterdapat assimbol its central elementAztek, conservativepara eliteselit werekonservatif generallytidak hostilemenyukai topara thependuduk currentasli indigenousdan populationstidak ofingin Mexicomengaitkan ormereka creditingdengan themmasa withlalu ayang glorious"agung". prehispanic history.Pada Undermasa Mexicankekuasaan presidentPresiden [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], pro-indigenistpara Mexicancendekiawan intellectualsMeksiko didyang notpro-indigenistas findtidak amemperoleh widebanyak audiencedukungan. WithNamun, seusai pelengseran Santa Anna’sAnna overthrowpada intahun 1854, Mexicanpara liberalscendekiawan andyang scholarstertarik interesteddengan inmasa thelalu indigenouspribumi pastMeksiko becamemenjadi moresemakin activegiat. LiberalsKaum wereliberal morecenderung favorablybersimpati inclineddengan topara thependuduk indigenousasli populationsdan andsejarah their historymereka, buttetapi consideredmerasa abahwa pressingpermasalahan mattergenting beingyang theharus dipecahkan adalah "Permasalahan Indian Problem." Liberals’. commitmentBerkat tokomitmen equalitykaum beforeliberal theuntuk lawmewujudkan meantpersamaan thatkedudukan fordi upwardlymata mobile indigenoushukum, suchtokoh-tokoh aspribumi Zapotecyang berhasil naik derajatnya (seperti [[Benito Juárez]], whoyang roseberlatar inbelakang the[[Zapotek]] ranksdan ofnaik thejabatan liberalsdi tokalangan becomeliberal Mexico’shingga firstakhirnya presidentmenjadi ofpresiden indigenouspribumi originsMeksiko pertama, andatau Nahuacendekiawan intellectualdan and politicianpolitikus [[Ignacio Manuel Altamirano|Ignacio Altamirano]], ayang discipleberlatar ofbelakang [[IgnacioNahua) Ramírez]],merasa a defender of the rights of the indigenous,bahwa liberalismliberalisme presentedadalah a way forward in that era. For investigations of Mexico’s indigenous past, however, the role of moderate liberal [[José Fernando Ramírez]] is important, serving as director of the National Museum and doing research utilizing codices, while staying out of the fierce conflicts between liberals and conservatives that led to a decade of civil war. Mexican scholars who pursued research on the Aztecs in the late nineteenth century were [[:es:Francisco Pimentel|Francisco Pimentel]], [[:es:Antonio García Cubas|Antonio García Cubas]], [[Manuel Orozco y Berra]], [[Joaquín García Icazbalceta]], and [[Francisco del Paso y Troncoso]] contributing significantly to the nineteenth-century development of Mexican scholarship on the Aztecs.{{sfn|Cline|1973b}}
[[File:MonumentCuauhtemocPaseo2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Monument to Cuauhtémoc]], inaugurated 1887 by [[Porfirio Díaz]] in Mexico City]]
The late nineteenth century in Mexico was a period in which Aztec civilization became a point of national pride. The era was dominated by liberal military hero, [[Porfirio Díaz]], a [[mestizo]] from Oaxaca who was president of Mexico from 1876 to 1911. His policies opening Mexico to foreign investors and modernizing the country under a firm hand controlling unrest, "Order and Progress," undermined Mexico’s indigenous populations and their communities. However, for investigations of Mexico’s ancient civilizations, his was a benevolent regime, with funds supporting archeological research and for protecting monuments.{{sfn|Bueno|2016}} "Scholars found it more profitable to confine their attention to Indians who had been dead for a number of centuries."{{sfn|Keen| 1971p=417}} His benevolence saw the placement of a [[Monument to Cuauhtémoc|monument to Cuauhtemoc]] in a major traffic round-about (''glorieta'') of the wide [[Paseo de la Reforma]], which he inaugurated in 1887. In world’s fairs of the late nineteenth century, Mexico’s pavilions included a major focus on its indigenous past, especially the Aztecs. Mexican scholars such as [[Alfredo Chavero]] helped shape the cultural image of Mexico at these exhibitions.{{sfn|Tenorio-Trillo|1996}}