Pemberontakan Pugachev: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Cakkavatti (bicara | kontrib)
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan visualeditor-wikitext
Cakkavatti (bicara | kontrib)
Tag: Suntingan visualeditor-wikitext
Baris 85:
 
Keberhasilan Pugachev dalam bertahan melawan penindasan selama lebih dari setahun terbukti menjadi insentif yang kuat untuk reformasi di masa depan. Itu menjadi jelas bagi pemerintah beberapa masalah dengan perlakuan mereka terhadap provinsi. Mereka dibiarkan terkendali lemah dan akibatnya, rentan terhadap pecahnya kekerasan petani. Pelajaran yang paling penting yang ditarik oleh Catherine II dari pemberontakan Pugachev, adalah perlunya pemahaman militer yang lebih kuat di semua bagian Kekaisaran, bukan hanya batas-batas eksternal. Misalnya, ketika gubernur guberniya Kazan meminta bantuan melawan Pugachev yang mendekat, tidak ada kekuatan yang tersedia untuk membebaskannya. Pemberontakan itu terjadi pada titik sensitif pada waktunya untuk pemerintah Rusia karena banyak tentara dan jenderal mereka sudah terlibat dalam perang yang sulit di perbatasan selatan dengan Turki Ottoman. Namun, tentara profesional yang tersedia di luar gerbang Kazan untuk melawan pasukan Pugachev yang berbasis Cossack hanya terdiri dari 800 orang. <span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background_and_aims">Latar belakang dan tujuan</span> <span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span> [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&sp=nmt4&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPugachev%2527s_Rebellion%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D1&xid=17259,1500004,15700022,15700124,15700149,15700186,15700191,15700201,15700214&usg=ALkJrhjBW-DKNu4WBkyCYf6tvFaqnPhagA sunting] <span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></span>
 
==Referensi==
* Alexander, John T. ''Autocratic politics in a national crisis: the Imperial Russian government and Pugachev's revolt, 1773-1775'' (Indiana University Press, 1969).</span>
* Alexander, John T. '' Politik otokratis dalam krisis nasional: pemerintahan Kekaisaran Rusia dan pemberontakan Pugachev, 1773-1775 '' (Indiana University Press, 1969).</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* Alexander, John T. "Recent Soviet Historiography on the Pugachev Revolt: A Review Article."</span>
* Alexander, John T. "Historiografi Soviet Baru-baru ini tentang Pemberontakan Pugachev: Artikel Tinjauan."</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''Canadian-American Slavic Studies'' 4#3 (1970): 602-617.</span> '' Studi Slavia Kanada-Amerika '' 4 # 3 (1970): 602-617.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* Alexander, John T. "Western Views of the Pugachev Rebellion".</span>
* Alexander, John T. "Pandangan Barat Pemberontakan Pugachev".</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''Slavonic and East European Review'' (1970) 48#113: 520–536.</span> '' Slavonic and East European Review '' (1970) 48 # 113: 520–536.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* Avrich, Paul.</span> * Avrich, Paul.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''Russian Rebels, 1600-1800'' (1972).</span> '' Pemberontak Rusia, 1600-1800 '' (1972).</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* Bodger, Alan.</span> * Bodger, Alan.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">"The Kazakhs and the Pugachev uprising in Russia, 1773-1775" (No. 11. Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, 1988).</span> "Pemberontakan Kazakh dan Pugachev di Rusia, 1773-1775" (No. 11. Lembaga Penelitian untuk Studi Asia Dalam, Universitas Indiana, 1988).</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* De Madariaga, Isabel.</span>
* De Madariaga, Isabel.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great'' (1981) pp 239-55.</span> '' Rusia pada Zaman Catherine yang Agung '' (1981) pp 239-55.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">* Kagan, Donald, Ozment, Steven, Turner, Frank.</span>
* Kagan, Donald, Ozment, Steven, Turner, Frank.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''The Western Heritage, Eighth Edition.'' Prentice Hall Publishing, New York, New York.</span> '' Warisan Budaya Barat, Edisi Kedelapan '.' Prentice Hall Publishing, New York, New York.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">2002. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213223702/http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_kagan_westheritage_8/ Textbook website] * Longworth, Ph. "The last great cossack-peasant rising".</span> 2002. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213223702/http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_kagan_westheritage_8/ situs web Textbook]
* Longworth, Ph. "Petani besar terakhir-petani yang sedang naik daun".</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Journal of European Studies.</span> Jurnal Studi Eropa.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">3#1 (1973)
* Longworth, Ph. "The Pretender Phenomenon in Eighteenth Century Russia".</span> 3 # 1 (1973)
* Longworth, Ph. "The Pretender Phenomenon di Rusia Abad Delapan belas".</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Past and Present.</span> Masa lalu dan masa kini.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">66 (1975): 61—84
* Raeff, Marc.</span> 66 (1975): 61—84 * Raeff, Marc.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">"Pugachev's rebellion."</span> "Pemberontakan Pugachev."</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">in Robert Forster, ed., ''Preconditions of revolution in early modern Europe'' (1972) pp 197+ * Yaresh, Leo.</span> dalam Robert Forster, ed., '' Prekondisi revolusi di Eropa modern awal '' (1972) pp 197+ * Yaresh, Leo.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">"The" Peasant Wars" in Soviet Historiography."</span> "The" Peasant Wars "dalam Historiografi Soviet."</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">''American Slavic and East European Review'' 16.3 (1957): 241-259.</span> '' American Slavic dan East European Review '' 16,3 (1957): 241-259.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001170 in JSTOR] ===In Other languages===
* AN SSSR, In-t istorii SSSR, TSentr.</span> [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001170 in JSTOR]
=== Dalam bahasa lain ===
* SSSR, In-t istorii SSSR, TSentr.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">gos.</span> gos.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">arkhiv drev.</span> arkhiv drev.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">aktov (Rus. Moscow, 1975.)
* ''Pugachevshchina.'' Moscow : [[Gosizdat]], 1926-1931.</span> aktov (Rus. Moscow, 1975.) * '' Pugachevshchina. '' Moskow: [[Gosizdat]], 1926-1931.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">
* Palmer, Elena.</span>
* Palmer, Elena.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Peter III - Der Prinz von Holstein.</span> Peter III - Der Prinz von Holstein.</span> <span class="notranslate" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left">Sutton Publishing, Germany 2005 {{ISBN|978-3-89702-788-6}}</span> Sutton Publishing, Jerman 2005 {{ISBN | 978-3-89702-788-6}}</span>
 
{{Sejarah-stub}}