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{{Infobox Palestinian Authority municipality
|name=Beitin
[[Kategori:Transl template errors]]'') adalah suatu kota [[Bangsa Palestina|Palestina di]] Kegubernuran Ramallah dan al-Bireh di [[Tepi Barat]], terletak {{Convert|5|km|mi|sp=us}} timur laut [[Ramallah]] pada jalur Ramallah-Nablus. Kota-kota Palestina Dura al-Qar' dan Ein Yabrud terletak di sebelah utara, Rammun di timur, Deir Dibwan di tenggara dan [[al-Bireh]] di barat daya. Pemukiman Israel "Beit El" terletak di barat laut Beitin.▼
|image=
|caption=
|arname=بيتين
|meaning= corruption of the Hebrew "Bethel",<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/226/mode/1up 226]</ref> house ("beth" or "beit") of God ("el")<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n150/mode/1up/ 128] -129</ref>
|founded=Early 19th century
|type=mund
|typefrom=1996
|altOffSp=Baytin
|altUnoSp=Bittin
|governorate=rb
|coordinates = {{coord|31|55|42|N|35|14|18|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
|palgrid=172/148
|population=2,143
|popyear=2007
|area=4,764
|areakm=4.8
|mayor=Tawfiq Musa Al-Hajya (Abu-Mazen)
}}
▲
== Geografi ==
Ada beberapa mata air di sekitar Beitin, yang mengairi kebun-kebun zaitun, [[Badam|almond]], [[Tin|buah ara]] dan plum.<ref name="JMCC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm#beitin|title=Palestinian Cultural Sites: Beitin-Ramallah|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310193404/http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm#beitin|archive-date=2007-03-10|access-date=2011-12-19}}</ref>
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Beitin telah diidentifikasi sebagai situs kota yang disebutkan di Alkitab, [[Betel]], di mana [[Yakub]] tidur dan bermimpi melihat malaikat-malaikat naik turun tangga (Kejadian 28:19).<ref>Easton, 1893, p. [https://archive.org/stream/illustratedbible00east#page/94/mode/1up 94]</ref> Beberapa sarjana percaya bahwa Betel terletak di lokasi reruntuhan sekitar Beitin.<ref name="Tristram164">Trisdam, 1865, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/landofisraeljour00trisuoft#page/164/mode/1up 164]-166</ref> Menurut tradisi Yahudi, [[Yakub]] bertemu [[Tuhan|Allah]] di Luz dan berganti nama menjadi kota ''Betel'' atau "rumah Allah." Namun, berdasarkan pembacaan Alkitab [[kitab Yosua]] (16:2), yang mengatakan ''mebeit-el luzah'' ("dari Bethel ke Luz,") Luz dan Bethel mungkin adalah dua tempat yang berbeda.
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===Byzantine era===
In [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times, Bethel held annual festivals on October 18. The population was [[Eastern Orthodox Christian]] and monks from the [[Sinai Peninsula]], particularly [[Zosimas of Palestine]], were known to have visited the town. The church fell into ruin after the [[Islam]]ic [[Rashidun army]] conquered the area, but was rebuilt by the [[Crusades|Crusader]]s in the 12th century.<ref name="STFJ"/> During the Crusader period, the village was given as [[fief]] by [[Baldwin V of Jerusalem]] to the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]].<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> After the Crusaders were defeated by the [[Ayyubid]] forces of [[Saladin]] in 1187, the church was destroyed and the village was abandoned.<ref name="STFJ"/>
[[Sherd]]s from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]]<ref name=Finkelstein518/><ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 835</ref> and [[Crusader states|Crusader]]/[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] eras have been found.<ref name=Finkelstein518/>
===Ottoman era===
The region had been part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] since 1517 and after Beitin was reestablished, the town came under the administration of the ''[[Mutasarrif]]'' ("Governorate") of Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmcc.org/localiteis.aspx?idd=819&type=locality|title=Palestinian Places: Beitin|publisher=Jerusalem Media and Communications Center (JMCC)|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} In the early 19th century, people from [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]] and other places migrated to Beitin<ref name="STFJ"/><ref>Lutfiyya, 1966, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C&pg=PA36 36]</ref> and built a [[mosque]] near the church's old site.<ref name="VP">[http://www.visitpalestine.ps/index.php?lang=en&page=sites.what_to_see.ramallah.bittin Visit Palestine: Bittin] Visit Palestine.</ref>
In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 400 inhabitants,<ref name=Guerin>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n27/mode/1up 14]-26</ref> while an Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that Beitin had an adult male population of 140, in a total of 55 houses (thus excluding women and children).<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/148/mode/1up 148]. It was noted in the Bire District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up 127] also noted 55 houses</ref>
In 1882 the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Beitin as a village "built on the side of a flat spur which rises slightly on the north. On the south-east is a flat dell, with good fig and [[pomegranate]] gardens, and there are other fig-trees round the village and among the houses. The cottages have a ruinous appearance, with rough stone walls. There is one square white house in two stories, which is visible from a great distance. The ground is very open, and the slopes gentle; the village slopes down gradually south-east. The surrounding ground is quite bare of trees, of white [[chalk]], very barren and stony on the south; of hard [[limestone]] cropping up on the north; the fields divided off by low drystone walls. The contrast of the grey rocks, the red ploughland and the dark green figs is very striking. The remains of a good-sized tower exist towards the north, and on the south the walls of a church of [[Crusading]] date, once dedicated to [[St. Joseph]]. The population is stated at 400. The place is supplied from a fine spring on the south, which wells up in a circular basin. The spring is double, and was surrounded with a large reservoir, 314 feet long north-west and south-east, by 217 feet; of massive stones. The eastern and southern walls are standing about 10 feet high. The spring is [[perennial]]..." <ref name=SWP295>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/295/mode/1up 295]-296</ref>
In 1896 the population of ''Betin'' was estimated to be about 360 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n228/mode/1up 121]</ref>
In 1907, small gardens and a few old tombs were found in the vicinity, and the Muslim population was known for its strength and fearlessness.<ref>Grant, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/peasantryofpales00granrich#page/218/mode/1up/search/baytin 218]</ref>
===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Baitin'' had a population of 446; all [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]</ref> increasing at the time of the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 566, still all Muslim, in 135 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 47]</ref>
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] the population was 690 Muslims,<ref name=1945p26>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]</ref> while the total land area was 4,764 [[dunam]]s, according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi64>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]</ref> Of this, 1,348 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,853 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-111.jpg 111]</ref> while 38 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-161.jpg 161]</ref>
===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Beitin came under [[Jordan]]ian rule.
In 1961, a Jordanian census found the population to be 1,017.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24] It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a [[mukhtar]].</ref>
===Post-1967===
After the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Beitin has, with the rest of the West Bank, been held under [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]]. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 958, of whom 134 originated from the Israeli territory.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |publisher= |access-date=23 January 2018 |quote=}}</ref>
After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 19,1% of the village land is classified as [[Area B]], while the remaining 80.9% is defined as [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] land (full Israeli control). Beitin village land has also been taken in order to construct the illegal Israeli outpost [[Givat Asaf]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Beitin_vp_en.pdf Beitin (village profile)], ARIJ, pp. 17-19</ref><ref>Nahum Barnea, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4780153,00.html 'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank'], [[Ynet]] 18 March 2016.</ref>
On 19 December, 2011, [[Israeli settler]]s were accused of carrying out a second [[price tag policy|price tag attack]] in only four days, in which five Palestinian-owned cars were burnt and the walls of several houses were sprayed with graffiti.<ref name=Maan446133>{{cite news|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=446133|title=Settlers burn 5 cars in Ramallah village|work=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|date=2011-12-19|accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref> During the first incident (15 December, 2011), the assailants not only vandalized a mosque, but also attacked an [[Israeli Defense Forces|IDF]] military base in the West Bank, injuring a top Israeli commander.<ref name=NewsOK.com>{{cite news | last =Teibel | first =Amy | coauthors = | title = Jewish radicals get off hook in Israel| work = | pages = | language = English|publisher =NewsOK.com | date =15 December 2011 | url =http://newsok.com/article/feed/327312 | accessdate =17 February 2017 }}</ref> According to witnesses of the second incident, the Israeli army dispersed the settlers without arresting any of them,<ref name=Maan446133/> presumably also those who attacked the Israeli commander, although four days earlier the incident had prompted Israeli Prime-Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, to say: "We won't let them attack our soldiers. We won't let them ignite a religious war with our neighbors. We won't let them desecrate mosques. We won't let them harm Jews or Arabs."<ref name=NewsOK.com/>
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== Markah tanah ==
[[Berkas:Al-Burj-Beitin.jpg|jmpl|Reruntuhan al-Burj, 1935]]
Reruntuhan gereja Bizantium yang dikenal dalam bahasa Arab sebagai "al-Muqater" atau "Khirbet al-Kenise" ("Reruntuhan Gereja").<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up 305]</ref> Menurut Röhricht, ketika [[Perang Salib|tentara Salib]] tiba, mereka menemukan sebuah gereja hancur. Mereka membangun dan menempatkannya pertama di bawah Biara [[Yusuf dari Arimatea|St. Yusuf dari Arimatea]], kemudian di bawah Kanon [[Gereja Makam Kudus|Makam Suci]].<ref>Röhricht, 1887, ZDPV 10, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/207/mode/1up 207], [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/292/mode/1up 292]</ref> Reruntuhan gereja digambarkan dalam tahun 1880-an.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/219/mode/1up 219] (ill.), [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/221/mode/1up 221]</ref><ref>Pringle, 1993, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=&f=false 104] -105</ref>
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Another ruin, called "al-Burj Beitin" ("the Tower of Beitin") or simply ''al-Burj'' is located in the western part of the town.<ref name="STFJ"/> They were also drawn in the 1880s.<ref>Wilson, c1881, vol 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/217/mode/1up 217] (ill.)</ref> The ruins of the Burj are about 1 meter tall, and apparently built on the older ruins of a [[Byzantine]] monastery.<ref>Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 522</ref> Some have believed that it was constructed on the site where [[Abraham]] built an [[altar]].<ref name="VP"/><ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/307/mode/1up 307]</ref> According to biblical scholar [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] who visited [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] in the 19th century, al-Burj Beitin consisted of dilapidated stones that used to form part of a fortress and a Greek church.<ref name="Robinson">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n147/mode/1up/search/Beitin 125]-130.</ref> Al-Burj was used as a watch tower by the Crusaders.<ref name="STFJ"/>
==Demographics==
[[File:Bitin147.jpg|thumb|right|Roadside view of Beitin, 2011]]
In 1945 the population of Beitin was 690, according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi64/>
In 1997, [[Palestinian refugee]]s accounted for exactly 30% of the population, which was 1,510 at the time.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/ram_t6.aspx Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status] [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].</ref>
According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS), Beitin had a population of over 3,050 inhabitants in 2006.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS)</ref> In 2007, a PCBS census recorded a population of 2,143 (1,128 men and 1,015 women). There were 717 homes in the village and the average household size consisted of 4.9 family members.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS Census]. [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]. p.114.</ref>
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== Referensi ==
Baris 22 ⟶ 89:
== Pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/284/mode/1up 284])
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
*{{cite book|last= Easton|first=M. G.|authorlink=Matthew George Easton|year=1893|url= https://archive.org/details/illustratedbible00east |title= Illustrated Bible dictionary|publisher= Harper & brothers }}
*{{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I. | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=[[Tel Aviv]]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher= }}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}} (pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/205/mode/1up 205]-206)
*{{cite book|last=Grant|first=E.|authorlink=Elihu Grant|year=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantrypalest01grangoog |title=The Peasantry of Palestine|publisher=The Pilgrim Press|location= Boston, New York [etc.]}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlink = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
*{{cite book | last =Lutfiyya | first =Abdulla M. | title = Baytin : A Jordanian Village : A Study Of Social Institutions And Social Change In A Folk Community.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK2V2pPs_T4C | publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]] | year = 1966 | isbn = 3111396150}}
*{{cite book | editor =Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume I A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ|first =Denys|last =Pringle|year=1993|ISBN=0 521 39036 2 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht | title = Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 10 | pages = 195–344 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut| year = 1887}}
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| authorlink = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlink = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
*{{cite book|last=Tristram|first=H.B. |authorlink=Henry Baker Tristram|year=1865|url=https://archive.org/details/landisraelajour01trisgoog|title= Land of Israel, A Journal of travel in Palestine, undertaken with special reference to its physical character|location=London|publisher=[[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]]}}
*{{cite book |editor =Wilson, C.W. |editorlink=Charles William Wilson |title= Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquepales01wilsuoft|volume=1 |year=c. 1881|publisher= [[D. Appleton & Company|D. Appleton]] |location=New York}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
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