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'''Perkawinan sejenis''' (dikenal juga sebagai '''perkawinan gay''') adalah [[perkawinan]] pasangan sejenisdengan jenis kelamin yang sama, melalui sebuah upacara keagamaan atau perdata. Istilah '''kesetaraan perkawinan''' mengacu pada status politis yang manayakni perkawinan antara pasangan sejenis dan pasangan berbeda jenis diakui setara oleh hukum.
 
Hingga 2018, perkawinan sejenis diakui secara sah (baik seluruh maupun sebagian) di negara-negara berikut: [[Perkawinan sejenis di Afrika Selatan|Afrika Selatan]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]],<ref group="nb" name="United States2">Perkawinan sejenis diakui di semua 50 negara bagian, Distrik Columbia, dan semua wilayah kecuali Samoa Amerika. Beberapa, tetapi tidak semua, yurisdiksi kesukuan mengakui perkawinan sejenis.</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Argentina|Argentina]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Australia|Australia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Belanda|Belanda]],<ref group="nb" name="Netherlands2">Perkawinan sejenis sah di [[Belanda|Belanda utama]]. Perkawinan sejenis yang dilakukan di sana diakui di [[Perkawinan sejenis di Aruba, Curaçao, dan Sint Maarten|Aruba, Curaçao, dan Sint Maarten]].</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Belgia|Belgia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Brasil|Brasil]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Britania Raya|Britania Raya,]]<ref group="nb" name="United Kingdom2">Perkawinan sejenis sah di [[Inggris dan Wales|Inggris, Wales]] dan [[Skotlandia]]; meskipun tidak sah di [[Irlandia Utara|Irlandia]]. Perkawinan sejenis juga sah di wilayah seberang laut [[Perkawinan sejenis di Akrotiri dan Dhekelia|Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Wilayah Antarktika Britania|Wilayah Antarktika Britania]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Wilayah Samudera Hindia Britania|Wilayah Samudera Hindia Britania]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kepulauan Falkland|Kepulauan Falkland]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Gibraltar|Gibraltar]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kepulauan Pitcairn|Kepulauan Pitcairn]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Saint Helena, Ascension, dan Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena, Ascension, dan Tristan da Cunha]], dan [[Perkawinan sejenis di Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan|Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]]. Perkawinan sejenis juga sah di ketiga [[dependensi Kerajaan]] [[Perkawinan sejenis di Guernsey|Guernsey]] (termasuk [[Alderney]] tetapi [[Sark]] tidak), [[Perkawinan sejenis di Pulau Man|Pulau Man]], dan [[Perkawinan sejenis di Jersey|Jersey]].</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Denmark|Denmark]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Finlandia|Finlandia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Islandia|Islandia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Jerman|Jerman]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kanada|Kanada]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kolombia|Kolombia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Luksemburg|Luksemburg]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Malta|Malta]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Meksiko|Meksiko]],<ref group="nb" name="Mexico2">Perkawinan sejenis sah di negara bagian [[Perkawinan sejenis di Baja California|Baja California]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Campeche|Campeche]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Chiapas|Chiapas]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Chihuahua|Chihuahua]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Coahuila|Coahuila]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Colima|Colima]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Jalisco|Jalisco]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Michoacán|Michoacán]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Morelos|Morelos]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Nayarit|Nayarit]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Puebla|Puebla]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Quintana Roo|Quintana Roo]] dan [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kota Meksiko|Kota Meksiko]] dan juga beberapa munisipalitas di [[Perkawinan sejenis di Querétaro|Querétaro]]. Perkawinan sejenis yang dilakukan di yurisdiksi ini diakui di seluruh Meksiko.</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Norwegia|Norwegia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Perancis|Perancis]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Portugal|Portugal]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru]],<ref group="nb" name="New Zealand2">Perkawinan sejenis sah di [[Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru utama]], meskipun tidak sah di [[Tokelau]], [[Kepulauan Cook]] dan [[Niue]], yang bersama-sama membentuk [[Alam Selandia Baru]].</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Swedia|Swedia]], dan [[Perkawinan sejenis di Uruguay|Uruguay]]. Sebagai tambahan, [[Pengakuan persatuan sejenis di Armenia|Armenia]], [[Pengakuan persatuan sejenis di Estonia|Estonia]], dan [[Pengakuan persatuan sejenis di Israel|Israel]] mengakui perkawinan sejenis asing di negaranya. Perkawinan sejenis juga akan segera diakui di [[Perkawinan sejenis di Taiwan|Taiwan]] dan [[Perkawinan sejenis di Austria|Austria]], setelah putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi masing-masing pada Mei dan Desember 2017.<ref group="nb" name="Constitutional rulings">Mahkamah Konstitusi Taiwan dan Austria telah memberikan masa tenggang kepada pembuat undang-undang masing-masing untuk melaksanakan pengubahan secara legislatif (hingga Januari 2019 untuk Austria dan Mei 2019 untuk Taiwan). Setelah akhir masa tenggang, perkawinan sejenis secara otomatis sah di negara-negara tersebut.</ref><ref name="NBC News">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/taiwan-court-rules-same-sex-marriage-legal-asia-first-n763931|title=Taiwan Court Rules Same Sex Marriage Legal in Asia First|date=May 24, 2017|work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/gay-marriage-in-austria-approved-by-constitutional-court/a-41654156|title=Gay marriage in Austria approved by Constitutional Court|date=5 December 2017|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|accessdate=5 December 2017}}</ref> Selanjutnya, setelah mosi yang diajukan oleh [[Pengakuan persatuan sejenis di Kosta Rika|Kosta Rika]], [[Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Antar-Amerika]] mengeluarkan sebuah keputusan yang menyetujui perkawinan sejenis pada 9 Januari 2018, yang diharapkan akan memudahkan pengakuan di beberapa negara di [[Amerika]].<ref name="IACHR" group="nb">The countries which are signatories to the [[American Convention on Human Rights]] and recognize the binding jurisdiction of the court are [[Barbados]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], [[Costa Rica]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Mexico]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]] and [[Suriname]].
Baris 10:
Pengajuan perkawinan sejenis bermacam-macam di setiap yuridiksi, dilaksanakan melalui pengubahan [[hukum perkawinan]] secara legislatif, putusan pengadilan berdasarkan jaminan konstitusional atas kesetaraan, atau suara masyarakat langsung (dengan [[Inisiatif|suara inisiatif]] atau [[referendum]]). Pengakuan perkawinan sejenis dianggap sebuah [[hak asasi manusia]], [[Hak-hak sipil dan politik|hak perdata]], serta masalah politis, sosial, dan religius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42633891|title=Inter-American Human Rights Court backs same-sex marriage|date=January 10, 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/576/14-556/opinion3.html|title=Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015)|date=June 26, 2015|publisher=[[Justia]]|accessdate=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/susan_k_smith/2009/07/marriage_a_civil_right_not_sacred_rite.html|title=Marriage a Civil Right, not Sacred Rite|last=Smith|first=Susan K.|date=30 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecf.cand.uscourts.gov/cand/09cv2292/files/09cv2292-ORDER.pdf|title=Decision in Perry v. Schwarzenegger|accessdate=6 August 2010}}</ref> Pendukung utama perkawinan sejenis adalah organisasi hak asasi manusia dan hak perdata juga komunitas ilmiah dan medis, sedangkan penentang yang utama adalah kelompok keagamaan. Beberapa komunitas aliran di dunia mendukung perkawinan sejenis, meskipun banyak kelompok keagamaan menentangnya. [[Perkawinan sejenis#Jajak pendapat|Jajak pendapat secara konsisten]] menunjukkan peningkatan berkelanjutan terhadap dukungan pengakuan perkawinan sejenis di seluruh negara demokrasi maju dan beberapa negara demokrasi berkembang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gallup.com/poll/210566/support-gay-marriage-edges-new-high.aspx|title=U.S. Support for Gay Marriage Edges to New High|date=May 15, 2017|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.org/who-supports-equality/a-majority-of-australians-support-marriage-equality/|title=For several years a majority of Australians have supported marriage equality|publisher=Australian Marriage Equality Incorporated|accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/I0844.enrevised.pdf|title=Support for Same‐Sex Marriage in Latin America|publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref>
 
Studi ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan finansial, psikologis, dan fisik orang [[gay]] meningkat karena perkawinan, dan anak dari orang tua sejenis diuntungkan dari dibesarkan oleh pasangan sejenis yang berada dalam hubungan yang sah dan didukung oleh lembaga masyarakat.<ref name="psychological2">{{cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/gay-marriage.pdf|title=Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Marriage|year=2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511190536/http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/gay-marriage.pdf|archivedate=11 May 2011|deadurl=yes|accessdate=10 November 2010|author=[[American Psychological Association]]}}</ref><ref name="asa2">{{cite web|url=http://www2.asanet.org/public/marriage_res.html|title=American Sociological Association Member Resolution on Proposed U.S. Constitutional Amendment Regarding Marriage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812175917/http://www2.asanet.org/public/marriage_res.html|archivedate=12 August 2007|deadurl=yes|accessdate=10 November 2010|author=[[American Sociological Association]]}}</ref><ref name="amici3">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus29.pdf|title=Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as amici curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees&nbsp;– Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="cpa20062">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Practice_Page/Marriage_SameSex_Couples_PositionStatement.pdf|title=Marriage of Same-Sex Couples &nbsp;– 2006 Position Statement|publisher=[[Canadian Psychological Association]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707191052/http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Practice_Page/Marriage_SameSex_Couples_PositionStatement.pdf|archivedate=7 July 2012|deadurl=yes|accessdate=28 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="pediatrics2">{{Cite journal|date=July 2006|title=The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=118|issue=1|pages=349–64|doi=10.1542/peds.2006-1279|pmid=16818585|vauthors=Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/349|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children &#124; Special Articles &#124; Pediatrics|date=|website=Pediatrics.aappublications.org|accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref> Penelitian ilmu sosial menyatakan bahwa pengecualian homoseksual dari perkawinan memberikan stigma dan memicu diskriminasi publik terhadap mereka, dan penelitian juga menolak gagasan bahwa baik sebuah kebudayaan atau tertib sosial yang baik tergantung pada pembatasan perkawinan hanya bagi heteroseksual.<ref name="amici22">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus39.pdf|title=Brief of Amici Curiae American Anthropological Association et al., supporting plaintiffs-appellees and urging affirmance&nbsp;– Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="aaa2">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|year=2004|accessdate=18 September 2015|author=[[American Anthropological Association]]}}</ref> Perkawinan sejenis juga dapat memberikan mereka yang terikat dalam hubungan sejenis–yang membayar pajak, layanan pemerintah, dan membuat kebutuhan keuangan–sebanding dengan yang diberikan dan diperlukan dalam perkawinan berbeda jenis, dan juga memberi mereka perlindungan hukum seperti warisan dan hak kunjungan rumah sakit.<ref>Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration and Policy&nbsp;— Page 13, Wallace Swan – 2004</ref>
 
Tentangan perkawinan sejenis didasari pada kepercayaan bahwa homoseksualitas tidaklah alami dan abnormal, sehingga pengakuan persatuan sejenis akan mendorong homoseksualitas di dalam masyarakat, dan anak lebih baik dibesarkan oleh pasangan berbeda jenis.<ref name="thoughtco">{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/moral-and-religious-arguments-250095|title=Common Arguments Against Gay Marriage|date=16 July 2017|accessdate=26 September 2017|author=Cline, Austin}}</ref> Klaim ini dilawan oleh ilmu pengetahuan yang menunjukkan bahwa homoseksualitas adalah seksualitas manusia yang alami dan normal, orientasi seksual tidak bisa dipilih atau dipengaruhi, dan kehidupan anak pasangan sejenis sebaik atau bahkan lebih baik dibandingkan anak pasangan berbeda jenis.<ref name="Coghlan">{{cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14146-gay-brains-structured-like-those-of-the-opposite-sex|title=Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex|last=Coghlan|first=Andy|date=June 16, 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Soh">{{cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cross-cultural-evidence-for-the-genetics-of-homosexuality/|title=Cross-Cultural Evidence for the Genetics of Homosexuality|last=Soh|first=Debra|date=April 25, 2017|work=[[Scientific American]]|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|author2=Agnes Riedmann|author3=Susan D Stewart|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|year=2014|isbn=1305176898|page=82|quote=[T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).|accessdate=February 11, 2016|author1=Mary Ann Lamanna}}</ref><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal|author=Frankowski BL|author2=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Adolescence|date=June 2004|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113|issue=6|pages=1827–32|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827|pmid=15173519}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2005_SameSexMarriage.pdf|title=Position Statement on Support of Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Civil Marriage|date=|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="aaanet.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm?renderforprint=1|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|date=|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]|accessdate=June 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2002_Adoption.pdf|title=Position Statement on Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples|year=2002|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ama-assn.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/glbt-advisory-committee/ama-policy-regarding-sexual-orientation.page|title=AMA Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="San Diego Gay and Lesbian News">{{cite web|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2010/08/11/apa-reaffirms-support-same-sex-marriage|title=The APA reaffirms support for same-sex marriage|date=|publisher=[[San Diego Gay and Lesbian News]]|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Pediatrics.aappublications.org">{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/349.full|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children|date=|publisher=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aannet.org/assets/docs/marriage%20equality_7-26%2012f.pdf|title=Support for Marriage Equality|date=July 2012|publisher=[[American Academy of Nursing]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/23/children-raised-by-same-sex-parents-do-as-well-as-their-peers-study-shows|title=Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows|last=Davis|first=Annie|date=October 22, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/07/children-of-same-sex-couples-are-happier-and-healthier-than-peers-research-shows|title=Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows|last=Bever|first=Lindsey|date=July 7, 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref>
Baris 30:
Penentang perkawinan sejenis, yang ingin perkawinan tetap terbatas untuk heteroseksual, seperti [[Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-orang Suci Zaman Akhir]], [[Gereja Katolik Roma]], dan [[Konvensi Baptis Selatan]], menggunakan istilah ''perkawinan tradisional'' untuk mengartikan perkawinan berbeda jenis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/the-divine-institution-of-marriage|title=The Divine Institution of Marriage|publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]|accessdate=28 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1104473.htm|title=Bishops discuss religious liberty, marriage, finances at annual meeting|work=Catholic New Service|location=Baltimore|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120513011821/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1104473.htm|archive-date=13 May 2012|dead-url=yes|accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?id=23282|title=Marriage Protection Sunday: Churches encouraged to address 'gay marriage'|date=19 May 2006|work=Baptist Press|accessdate=30 September 2011}}</ref>
 
==DebateDebat==
===SupportMendukung===
InDi theAmerika United StatesSerikat, professionalorganisasi organizationsprofesional including thetermasuk [[AmericanAsosiasi AnthropologicalAntropologis AssociationAmerika]], the [[AmericanAkademi AcademyPediatri of PediatricsAmerika]], the [[AmericanAsosiasi PsychologicalPsikologis AssociationAmerika]], the [[AmericanAsosiasi PsychiatricPsikiatri AssociationAmerika]], the [[AmericanAsosiasi MedicalMedis AssociationAmerika]], [[NationalAsosiasi AssociationPekerja ofSosial Social WorkersNasional]], the [[AmericanAkademi AcademyKeperawatan of NursingAmerika]], and thedan [[AmericanAsosiasi SociologicalSosiologis AssociationAmerika]] havetelah statedmenyatakan thatbahwa scientificbukti evidenceilmiah supportsmendukung thekesimpulan following conclusionsberikut: thathomoseksualitas homosexualityadalah isseksualitas amanusia naturalyang andalami dan normal human sexuality, that sexualorientasi orientationseksual cannottidak bebisa chosendipilih oratau influenceddipengaruhi, thatorang gay peoplemembentuk formhubungan stablestabil anddan committedberkomitmen relationshipsseperti essentiallyhubungan equivalent to the relationships of heterosexualsheteroseksual, thatorang same-sextua parentssejenis aretidak nolebih lesskurang capablemampu thanmembesarkan opposite-sexanak, parentskebudayaan toatau raisetertib children,sosial thatyang nobaik civilizationtidak ortergantung viablepada socialpembatasan orderperkawinan dependshanya onbagi restricting marriage to heterosexualsheteroseksual, and that the children of same-sexdan coupleskehidupan fareanak justpasangan assejenis wellsebaik oratau evenbahkan betterlebih thanbaik thedibandingkan childrenanak ofpasangan opposite-sexberbeda couplesjenis.<ref name="Coghlan">{{cite news|first=Andy|last=Coghlan|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14146-gay-brains-structured-like-those-of-the-opposite-sex|title=Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex|work=[[New Scientist]]|date=June 16, 2008|accessdate=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Soh">{{cite news|first=Debra|last=Soh|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cross-cultural-evidence-for-the-genetics-of-homosexuality/|title=Cross-Cultural Evidence for the Genetics of Homosexuality|work=[[Scientific American]]|date=April 25, 2017|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|author1=Mary Ann Lamanna|author2= Agnes Riedmann|author3= Susan D Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1305176898|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=[T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6|pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2005_SameSexMarriage.pdf|title=Position Statement on Support of Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Civil Marriage|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|date=|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="aaanet.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm?renderforprint=1|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]|date=|accessdate=June 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2002_Adoption.pdf|title=Position Statement on Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples |publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|year=2002|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ama-assn.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/glbt-advisory-committee/ama-policy-regarding-sexual-orientation.page|title=AMA Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="San Diego Gay and Lesbian News">{{cite web|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2010/08/11/apa-reaffirms-support-same-sex-marriage|title=The APA reaffirms support for same-sex marriage|publisher=[[San Diego Gay and Lesbian News]]|date=|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Pediatrics.aappublications.org">{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/349.full|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children|publisher=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]]|date=|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aannet.org/assets/docs/marriage%20equality_7-26%2012f.pdf|title=Support for Marriage Equality|publisher=[[American Academy of Nursing]]|date=July 2012|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite news|first=Annie|last=Davis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/23/children-raised-by-same-sex-parents-do-as-well-as-their-peers-study-shows|title=Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 22, 2017|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first= Lindsey|last=Bever|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/07/children-of-same-sex-couples-are-happier-and-healthier-than-peers-research-shows|title=Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 7, 2014|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref>
 
[[Mildred Loving]], thepenggugat jointbersama plaintiffdengan alongside her husbandsuaminya [[Richard Loving]] indalam theperkara landmarkhak civilsipil rights case ofpenting ''[[Loving v. Virginia]]'' inpada 1967, inyang which themana [[SupremeMahkamah CourtAgung ofAmerika the United StatesSerikat]] struckmembatalkan downseluruh all state bans onlarangan [[Interracial marriage in the United States|inter-racial marriageperkawinan inantarras thedi UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat]], issuedmengeluarkan asebuah statementpernyataan onpada theperingatan 40th40 anniversarytahun ofputusan rulingitu inpada 2007 thatyang saidberbunyi:
{{quote|author=[[Mildred Loving]], co-plaintiff in thepenggugat landmarkdalam civilperkara rightshak casesipil ofpenting ''[[Loving v. Virginia]]''|text=''MyGenerasi generationsaya wasterbagi bitterlyhabis dividedatas oversesuatu somethingyang thatseharusnya shouldbegitu havejelas beendan so clear and rightbenar. The majority believed thatMayoritas whatpercaya theyang judgedikatakan saidhakim, thatadalah itrencana wasTuhan God'suntuk planmemisahkan to keep people apartmanusia, and that governmentdan shouldpemerintah discriminateharus againstmendiskriminasi peopleorang indalam lovecinta. ButTetapi Isaya havesudah livedcukup longlama enoughhidup nowsekarang tountuk seemelihat bigperubahan changesbesar. TheKetakutan olderdan generation's fearsprasangka andgenerasi prejudicestua havetelah givenmemberi wayjalan, anddan today'sorang-orang youngmuda peoplesaat realizeini thatmenyadari ifbahwa someonejika lovesseorang someonemencintai theyseorang, havemereka amemiliki righthak tountuk marrymenikah.''
 
''Saat ini saya dikelilingi oleh anak-anak dan cucu-cucu yang hebat, tiada sehari pun berlalu tanpa saya memikirkan Richard dan cinta kami, hak kami untuk menikah, dan betapa berartinya bagi saya untuk memiliki kebebasan untuk menikahi orang tersebut. berharga bagi saya, meskipun orang lain mengira dia adalah "jenis orang yang salah" bagi saya untuk menikah. Saya percaya semua orang Amerika, tidak peduli ras mereka, tidak peduli jenis kelamin mereka, tidak peduli orientasi seksual mereka, harus memiliki kebebasan yang sama untuk menikah. Pemerintah tidak memiliki urusan untuk memaksakan beberapa keyakinan agama terhadap orang lain. Terutama jika itu menyangkal hak-hak sipil orang.''
''Surrounded as I am now by wonderful children and grandchildren, not a day goes by that I don't think of Richard and our love, our right to marry, and how much it meant to me to have that freedom to marry the person precious to me, even if others thought he was the "wrong kind of person" for me to marry. I believe all Americans, no matter their race, no matter their sex, no matter their sexual orientation, should have that same freedom to marry. Government has no business imposing some people’s religious beliefs over others. Especially if it denies people’s civil rights.''
 
''ISaya ammasih stillbukan notorang a political personpolitik, but Itetapi amsaya proudbangga thatbahwa Richard's anddan mynama namesaya isada ondalam akasus courtpengadilan casedapat thatmembantu canmemperkuat help reinforce the lovecinta, the commitmentkomitmen, the fairnesskeadilan, anddan thekeluarga familysehingga thatbegitu sobanyak many peopleorang, blackhitam oratau whiteputih, youngmuda oratau oldtua, gay oratau straightlurus seekmencari in lifekehidupan. ISaya supportmendukung thekebebasan freedomuntuk tomenikah marryuntuk for allsemua. That's whatItulah Loving, anddan lovingmencintai, are alldan aboutsemuanya.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/mildred-loving-endorses-marriage-equality-for-same-sex-couples/|title=Mildred Loving Endorses Marriage Equality for Same-Sex Couples|publisher=[[American Constitution]]|date=June 15, 2007|accessdate=July 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2007/06/mildred-loving-40-years-later/227582/|title=Mildred Loving, 40 Years Later|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|author=Douglas Martin|date=June 18, 2007|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/us/06loving.html|title=Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage, Dies at 68|publisher=[[New York Times]]|author=Douglas Martin|date=May 6, 2008|accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>}}
[[Coretta Scott King]], a leader of the [[Civil rights movement|African-American civil rights movement]] and the wife of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], fought for gay rights, linked the civil rights movement with the LGBT rights movement, and expressed her support for same-sex marriage and publicly denounced attempts to ban it as a form of "gay bashing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-g-long/coretta-scott-king_b_2592049.html|title=Coretta’s Big Dream: Coretta Scott King on Gay Rights|publisher=[[Huffington Post]]|author=Michael Long|date=January 31, 2013|accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/03/coretta-scott-king-extract|title='I am not a symbol, I am an activist': the untold story of Coretta Scott King|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|author=Jeanne Theoharis|date=February 3, 2018|accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/02/coretta-scott-king/552557/|title=Coretta Scott King and the Civil-Rights Movement’s Hidden Women|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|author=Jeanne Theoharis|date=February 2018|accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
 
Baris 48:
South African author [[Mark Mathabane|Gail Mathabane]] likens prohibitions on same-sex marriage to past prohibitions on [[Interracial marriage in the United States|inter-racial marriage in the United States]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-01-25-couples_x.htm | work=USA Today | title=Gays face same battle interracial couples fought | first=Gail | last=Mathabane | date=January 25, 2004 | accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> American author [[Fernando Espuelas]] argues that same-sex marriage should be allowed because same-sex marriage recognizes the civil right of a minority.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/06/espuelas.prop.eight/ | publisher=CNN | title=Commentary: Latinos should see gay marriage a civil right - CNN.com | date=November 7, 2008 | accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> According to American history scholar [[Nancy Cott]], who rejects alternatives to same-sex marriage (such as civil unions), "there really is no comparison, because there is nothing that is like marriage except marriage."<ref name="cott">[http://www.afer.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Perry-Vol-1-1-11-10.pdf Direct Examination of Nancy Cott], p. 208. ''Perry v. Schwarzenegger'', No. 09-2292 (N.D. Cal. January 11, 2010). Retrieved December 20, 2011.</ref>
 
===OppositionMenentang===
Opposition to same-sex marriage is based on the beliefs that homosexuality is unnatural and abnormal, that the recognition of same-sex unions will promote homosexuality in society, and that children are better off when raised by opposite-sex couples.<ref name="thoughtco">{{cite web | url=https://www.thoughtco.com/moral-and-religious-arguments-250095 | title=Common Arguments Against Gay Marriage | date=16 July 2017 | accessdate=26 September 2017 | author=Cline, Austin}}</ref> These claims are countered by science which shows that homosexuality is a natural and normal human sexuality, that sexual orientation cannot be chosen or influenced, and that the children of same-sex couples fare just as well or even better than the children of opposite-sex couples.<ref name="Coghlan">{{cite news|first=Andy|last=Coghlan|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14146-gay-brains-structured-like-those-of-the-opposite-sex|title=Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex|work=[[New Scientist]]|date=June 16, 2008|accessdate=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Soh">{{cite news|first=Debra|last=Soh|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cross-cultural-evidence-for-the-genetics-of-homosexuality/|title=Cross-Cultural Evidence for the Genetics of Homosexuality|work=[[Scientific American]]|date=April 25, 2017|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|author1=Mary Ann Lamanna|author2= Agnes Riedmann|author3= Susan D Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1305176898|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=[T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6|pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2005_SameSexMarriage.pdf|title=Position Statement on Support of Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Civil Marriage|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|date=|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="aaanet.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm?renderforprint=1|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]|date=|accessdate=June 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2002_Adoption.pdf|title=Position Statement on Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples |publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|year=2002|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ama-assn.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/glbt-advisory-committee/ama-policy-regarding-sexual-orientation.page|title=AMA Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="San Diego Gay and Lesbian News">{{cite web|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2010/08/11/apa-reaffirms-support-same-sex-marriage|title=The APA reaffirms support for same-sex marriage|publisher=[[San Diego Gay and Lesbian News]]|date=|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Pediatrics.aappublications.org">{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/349.full|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children|publisher=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]]|date=|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aannet.org/assets/docs/marriage%20equality_7-26%2012f.pdf|title=Support for Marriage Equality|publisher=[[American Academy of Nursing]]|date=July 2012|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite news|first=Annie|last=Davis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/23/children-raised-by-same-sex-parents-do-as-well-as-their-peers-study-shows|title=Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 22, 2017|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first= Lindsey|last=Bever|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/07/children-of-same-sex-couples-are-happier-and-healthier-than-peers-research-shows|title=Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 7, 2014|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref>
 
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