Kedatangan orang-orang Majus: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Dalam [[kalender gereja]], peristiwa tersebut diperingati dalam [[Gereja Barat]] sebagai perayaan [[Epifani (Kristen)|Epifani]] (6 Januari). [[Gereja Ortodoks]] merayakan kedatangan orang-orang Majus pada [[Natal|Perayaan Kelahiran]] (25 Desember). Istilah tersebut di[[anglikanisasi]] dari judul Latin [[Vulgate]] untuk pasal tersebut: '''A Magis adoratur'''.
== Sejarah penggambaran ==
[[File:Adoration magi Pio Christiano Inv31459.jpg|thumb|Adoration of the Child Jesus by the three wise men or Magi; [[Sarcophagus]] relief (4th century.), Vatican]]
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The standard Byzantine depiction of the Nativity included the jorney or arrival of the mounted Magi in the background, but not them presenting thir gifts, until the post-Byzantine period, when the western depiction was often adapted to an [[icon]] style. Later Byzantine images often show small pill-box like hats, whose significance is disputed.
The Magi are usually shown as the same age until about this period, but then the idea of depicting the three ages of man is introduced: a particularly beautiful example is seen on the façade of the [[Orvieto Cathedral|cathedral of Orvieto]]. Occasionally from the 12th century, and very often in Northern Europe from the 15th, the Magi are also made to represent the three known parts of the world: Balthasar is very commonly cast as a young African or Moor, and old Caspar is given Oriental features or, more often, dress. Melchior represents Europe and [[middle age]]. From the 14th century onwards, large retinues are often shown, the gifts are contained in spectacular pieces of [[goldsmith]] work, and the Magi's clothes are given increasing attention.<ref name="S"/> By the 15th century, the ''Adoration of the Magi'' is often a bravura piece in which the artist can display their handling of complex, crowded scenes involving horses and camels, but also their rendering of varied textures: the silk, fur, jewels and gold of the Kings set against the wood of the stable, the straw of Jesus's manger and the rough clothing of Joseph and the shepherds.
The scene often includes a fair diversity of animals as well: the ox and ass from the [[Nativity scene]] are usually there, but also the horses, camels, dogs, and falcons of the kings and their retinue, and sometimes other animals, such as birds in the rafters of the stable. From the 15th century onwards, the Adoration of the Magi is quite often conflated with the [[Adoration of the Shepherds]] from the account in the [[Gospel of Luke]] (2:8–20), an opportunity to bring in yet more human and animal diversity; in some compositions ([[triptych]]s for example), the two scenes are contrasted or set as pendants to the central scene, usually a [[Nativity scene|Nativity]].
The "adoration" of the Magi at the crib is the usual subject, but their arrival, called the "Procession of the Magi", is often shown in the distant background of a Nativity scene (usual in Byzantine icons), or as a separate subject, for example in the [[Magi Chapel]] frescos by [[Benozzo Gozzoli]] in the [[Palazzo Medici|Palazzo Medici-Riccardi]], [[Florence]]. Other subjects include the Journey of the Magi, where they and perhaps their retinue are the only figures, usually shown following the [[Star of Bethlehem]], and there are relatively uncommon scenes of their meeting with [[Herod the Great|Herod]] and the ''[[Dream of the Magi]]''.
The usefulness of the subject to the Church and the technical challenges involved in representing it have made the Adoration of the Magi a favorite subject of Christian art: chiefly painting, but also sculpture and even music (as in [[Gian-Carlo Menotti]]'s opera ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]''). The subject matter is also found in [[stained glass]]. The first figural stained glass window made in the United States is the "Adoration of the Magi" window located at Christ Church, Pelham, New York and designed in 1843 by the founder and first rector's son, [[William Jay Bolton]].
==Treatments by individual artists==
[[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|thumb|[[Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)|Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi]], 15th century.]]
Many hundreds of artists have treated the subject. A partial list of those with articles follows. See also: [[:Category:Adoration of the Magi in art]].
* [[Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)|''Adoration of the Magi'']], [[Fra Angelico]] and [[Filippo Lippi]], [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
*[[Adoration of the Magi (Bosch, Madrid)|Hieronymus Bosch, Museo del Prado, Madrid]]
* ''[[Adoration of the Magi of 1475 (Botticelli)]]'', [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]]: [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
* [[Triptych of the Virgin's Life (Bouts)|Triptych of the Virgin's Life, Dirk Bouts]]
* [[The Adoration of the Kings (Bruegel)|''The Adoration of the Kings'' (Bruegel)]], [[National Gallery, London]]
*''[[Star of Bethlehem (painting)|The Star of Bethlehem]]'', [[Edward Burne-Jones]], [[Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Andrea della Robbia)]]'', [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
* [[Saint Columba Altarpiece]], [[Rogier van der Weyden]], [[Alte Pinakothek]], Munich
*''[[Adoration of the Kings (Gerard David, London)]], National Gallery, London
* ''[[Adoration of the Magi (Dürer)]]'', [[Uffizi]], [[Florence]]
*''[[The Adoration of the Magi (Geertgen tot Sint Jans)]]'', [[Rijksmuseum]]
*[[Adoration of the Magi (Ospedale degli Innocenti)|Domenico Ghirlandaio, Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence]]
* ''[[The Adoration of the Kings (Gossaert)]]'', National Gallery, London
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Leonardo)]]'', Uffizi, Florence
* ''[[Adoration of the Magi (Lorenzo Monaco)]]'', Uffizi
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano)]]'', Uffizi, Florence
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Mantegna)]]'', Uffizi
*''[[Madonna and Child (Masaccio)]]'', [[Gemäldegalerie (Berlin)|Gemäldegalerie]], [[Berlin]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Perugino)]]'', [[Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria]], [[Perugia]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Lyon)]]'', [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Cambridge)]]'', [[King's College Chapel, Cambridge]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Rubens, Antwerp)]]'', [[Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Velázquez)]]'', [[Museo del Prado]], [[Madrid]]
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (Veronese)]]'', National Gallery, London
*''[[Adoration of the Magi (tapestry)]]'' by [[Morris and Co]] with [[Edward Burne-Jones]]
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== Referensi ==
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