Ateisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
== Sumber ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Karen |authorlink=Karen Armstrong |title=A History of God |year=1999 |location=London |publisher=Vintage |isbn=0-09927367-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Baggini |first=Julian |authorlink=Julian Baggini |title=Atheism: A Very Short Introduction |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19280424-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Barker |first=Dan |authorlink=Dan Barker |title=Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists |year=2008 |location=New York |publisher=Ulysses Press |isbn=978-1-569-75677-5 |ol=24313839M |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bradlaugh |first1=Charles |authorlink=Charles Bradlaugh |last2=Besant |first2=Annie |last3=Bradlaugh |first3=Alice |last4=Moss |first4=A. B. |last5=Cattell |first5=C. C. |last6=Standring |first6=G. |last7=Aveling |first7=E. |title=The Atheistic Platform |year=1884 |location=London |publisher=Freethought Publishing |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |authorlink=Richard Dawkins |title=The God Delusion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yq1xDpicghkC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20God%20Delusion&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |year=2006 |publisher=Bantam Press |isbn=0-59305548-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Edwards |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Edwards (philosopher) |title=Atheism |publisher=MacMillan Reference USA (Gale) |editor=Donald M. Borchert |origyear=1967 |year=2005 |edition=2nd |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |volume=Vol. 1 |page=359 |isbn=978-0-028-65780-6 |ref=harv}}<!-- (page 175 in 1967 edition) -->
* {{cite book |last=Flew |first=Antony |authorlink=Antony Flew |title=The Presumption of Atheism, and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality |location=New York |publisher=Barnes and Noble |year=1976 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Flint |first=Robert |authorlink=Robert Flint |title=Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88 |year=1903 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |ol=7193167M |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
|encyclopedia=The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief
|editor-last=Flynn
|editor-first=Tom
|editor-link=Tom Flynn (author)
|publisher=Prometheus Books
|date=25 October 2007
|isbn=978-1-591-02391-3
|ol=8851140M
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YR4RAQAAIAAJ
|ref=harv
|title=The new encyclopedia of unbelief}}
* {{cite book |last=Harris |first=Sam |authorlink=Sam Harris (author) |title=The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=2005 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Harris |first=Sam |authorlink=Sam Harris (author) |title=Letter to a Christian Nation |date=19 September 2006 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-27877-7 |ol=25353925M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlZATs3xD0gC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sam |authorlink=Sam Harris (author) |title=The Myth of Secular Moral Chaos |journal=[[Free Inquiry]] |issn=0272-0701 |date=April 2006 |volume=26 |issue=3 |url=https://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/articles/2863 <!--- requires subscription --> |accessdate=2013-11-21 |ref={{harvid |Harris |2006a}} }} [http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/the-myth-of-secular-moral-chaos alternate URL]
* {{cite book |last=Hitchens |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Hitchens |title=god Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything |publisher=Random House |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGgoYfGyqSMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1 |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-771-04143-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Hume |first=David |authorlink=David Hume |title=[[s:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion|Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion]] |year=1779 |ol=7145748M |location=London |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hume |first=David |authorlink=David Hume |title=[[s:An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding|An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]] |year=1748 |location=London |ref=harv}}
* {{cite news |last=Landsberg |first=Mitchell |title=Atheists, agnostics most knowledgeable about religion, survey says |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 September 2010 |accessdate=2011-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180716/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/28/nation/la-na-religion-survey-20100928 |archivedate=2011-05-11 <!--DASHBot--> |deadurl=no |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Martin (philosopher) |title=Atheism: A Philosophical Justification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-877-22642-0 |ol=8110936M |accessdate=2011-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519174319/https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1 |archivedate=2011-05-19 <!--DASHBot--> |deadurl=no |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last=Martin
|editor-first=Michael
|editor-link=Michael Martin (philosopher)
|title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=true
|location=Cambridge
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=2006
|isbn=0-52184270-0
|ol=22379448M
| accessdate=2013-11-25
|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Nielsen |first=Kai |authorlink=Kai Nielsen (philosopher) |title=Atheism |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=2013 |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism |accessdate=2013-11-25 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/?id=lnuwFH_M5o0C&pg=PA530 |first=William L. |last=Rowe |authorlink=William L. Rowe |encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |title=Atheism |year=1998 |editor=Edward Craig |isbn=978-0-415-07310-3 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |accessdate=2011-04-09 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |authorlink=Bertrand Russell |title=Why I am not a Christian, and other essays on religion and related subjects |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1957 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Sartre |first=Jean-Paul |author-link=Jean-Paul Sartre |origyear=1946 |contribution=Existentialism and Humanism |editor-last=Priest |editor-first=Stephen |title=Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |page=45 |isbn=0-41521367-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Sartre |first=Jean-Paul |origyear=1946 |contribution=An existentialist ethics |year=2004 |editor-last=Gensler |editor-first=Harry J. |editor2-last=Spurgin |editor2-first=Earl W. |editor3-last=Swindal |editor3-first=James C. |title=Ethics: Contemporary Readings |place=London |publisher=Routledge |page=127 |isbn=0-41525680-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=George H. |authorlink=George H. Smith |title=Atheism: The Case Against God |year=1979 |location=Buffalo, New York |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=0-87975124-X |lccn=79002726 |ol=4401616M |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Stenger |first=Victor J. |authorlink=Victor J. Stenger |title=God: The Failed Hypothesis—How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist |year=2007 |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Amherst, New York |isbn=978-1-591-02652-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Stenger |first=Victor J. |authorlink=Victor J. Stenger |title=The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason |date=22 September 2009 |publisher=Prometheus |isbn=1-59102751-9 |url=http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html |accessdate=2009-07-23 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011014538/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/battle.html |archivedate=11 October 2012 |df= }}
* {{cite book |last=Zdybicka |first=Zofia J. |year=2005 |contribution=Atheism |url=http://ptta.pl/pef |contribution-url=http://ptta.pl/pef/haslaen/a/atheism.pdf |editor-first=Andrzej |editor-last=Maryniarczyk |title=Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy |volume=1 |publisher=Polish Thomas Aquinas Association |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None--> |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
{{refend}}
 
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Berman |first=David |title=A History of Atheism in Britain: From Hobbes to Russell |year=1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Li4OAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20History%20of%20Atheism%20in%20Britain%3A%20From%20Hobbes%20to%20Russell&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=London: Routledge |isbn=0-41504727-7}}
* [[Charles Bradlaugh|Bradlaugh, Charles]], [[Annie Besant]] and others. (1884) ''The Atheistic Platform: 12 Lectures''. London: Freethought Publishing. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jh8HAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover]
* {{cite book |last=Buckley |first=M. J. |title=At the Origins of Modern Atheism |year=1990 |isbn=0-30004897-1 |publisher=New Haven, CT: Yale University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Bullivant |first=Stephen and Michael Ruse, eds. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Atheism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbIVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 |year=2013 |publisher=Oxford UP}}
* {{cite book |last=Flew |first=Antony |authorlink=Antony Flew |title=God and Philosophy |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=1-59102330-0 |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |editor=Tom Flynn |title=The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief |year=2007 |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=1-59102391-2}}
* {{cite book |editor=Gaskin, J.C.A. |title=Varieties of Unbelief: From Epicurus to Sartre |publisher=•New York: Macmillan |year=1989 |isbn=0-02340681-X}}
* {{cite journal |last=Germani |first=Alan |title=The Mystical Ethics of the New Atheists |journal=The Objective Standard |volume=3 |issue=3 |publisher=Glen Allen Press |date=15 September 2008 |url=http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp |accessdate=2011-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428193621/http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-fall/mystical-ethics-new-atheists.asp |archivedate=2011-04-28 <!--DASHBot--> |deadurl=no}}
* {{cite book |last=Harbour |first=Daniel |title=[[An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism]] |publisher=London: Duckworth |isbn=0-71563229-9 |year=2003}}
* {{cite news |url=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html |title=The Problem with Atheism |last=Harris |first=Sam |date=2 October 2007 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=2011-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524071308/http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/sam_harris/2007/10/the_problem_with_atheism.html |archivedate=2011-05-24 <!--DASHBot--> |deadurl=no}}
* Howson, Colin (2011). ''Objecting to God.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-18665-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Jacoby |first=Susan |authorlink=Susan Jacoby |title=Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism |year=2004 |publisher=Metropolitan Books |isbn=978-0-805-07442-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Krueger |first=D. E. |title=What is Atheism?: A Short Introduction |publisher=New York: Prometheus |year=1998 |isbn=1-57392214-5}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1177/0952695112441301 |title=The evolution of atheism: Scientific and humanistic approaches |year=2012 |last1=Ledrew |first1=S. |journal=History of the Human Sciences |volume=25 |issue=3 |page=70}}
* {{cite book |last=Le Poidevin |first=R. |title=Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion |publisher=London: Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4YlYZi_cMUC&printsec=frontcover |year=1996 |isbn=0-41509338-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Mackie |first=J. L. |authorlink=J. L. Mackie |title=The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God |year=1982 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19824682-X}}
* {{cite book |last=Maritain |first=Jacques |title=The Range of Reason |publisher=London: Geoffrey Bles |year=1952 |url=http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/range.htm |accessdate=2013-04-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407012751/http://www3.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/range.htm |archivedate=2013-04-07 |df= }}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Martin (philosopher) |title=Atheism. A Philosophical Justification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&printsec=frontcover |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-87722943-0}}
* {{cite book |editor=Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier |title=The Impossibility of God |year=2003 |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=1-59102120-0}}
* {{cite book |editor=Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier |title=The Improbability of God |year=2006 |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=1-59102381-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=McTaggart |first1=John |last2=McTaggart |first2=Ellis |title=Some Dogmas of Religion |edition=New |year=1930 |publisher=Edward Arnold & Co. |location=London |isbn=0-54814955-0 |origyear=1906}}
* {{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Kai |authorlink=Kai Nielsen (philosopher) |title=Philosophy and Atheism |year=1985 |publisher=New York: Prometheus |isbn=0-87975289-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Kai |title=Naturalism and Religion |year=2001 |isbn=1-57392853-4 |publisher=New York: Prometheus}}
* {{cite book |last=Onfray |first=Michel |year=2007 |title=Atheist Manifesto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Arcade Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-1-559-70820-3 |accessdate=2011-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030191621/https://books.google.com/books?id=QpEAYMo7pFkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheist%20Manifesto&pg=PP1 |archivedate=2015-10-30 <!--DASHBot--> |deadurl=no }}
* {{cite book |last=Oppy |first=Graham |authorlink=Graham Oppy |year=2006 |title=Arguing about Gods |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlVtfUxPD14C&printsec=frontcover |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-52186386-4}}
* {{cite journal |last=Rafford |first=R. L. |year=1987 |title=Atheophobia—an introduction |journal=Religious Humanism |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=32–37 }}
* {{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Richard |title=An Atheist's Values |url=http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/athval0.htm |isbn=0-19824191-7 |publisher=Oxford: Clarendon Press |year=1964 |accessdate=2011-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425091126/http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/athval0.htm |archivedate=2011-04-25 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* Rosenberg, Alex (2011). ''The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life Without Illusions.'' New York: W. W. Norton & Co. {{ISBN|978-0-393-08023-0}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Russell |first=Paul |editor=Edward N. Zalta |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Hume on Religion |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/ |edition=2013 |date=11 February 2013 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |accessdate=2013-11-24 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sharpe |first=R.A. |title=The Moral Case Against Religious Belief |publisher=London: SCM Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-33402680-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Shermer |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Shermer |title=How We Believe: Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God |publisher=William H Freeman |year=1999 |location=New York |isbn=0-71673561-X}}
* {{cite book |last=Thrower |first=James |title=A Short History of Western Atheism |publisher=London: Pemberton |year=1971 |isbn=0-30171101-1}}
* Walters, Kerry (2010). ''Atheism: A Guide for the Perplexed.'' New York: Continuum. {{ISBN|978-0-8264-2493-8}}
* Whitmarsh, Tim. (2015), ''Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World''
* {{cite book |last=Zuckerman |first=Phil |title=Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us About Contentment |publisher=NYU Press |year=2010 |isbn=0-81479723-7}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last=Zuckerman
|editor-first=Phil
|title=Atheism and secularity
|year=2010
|publisher=Praeger
|location=Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]
|isbn=978-0-313-35183-9 }}
{{refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
<!--Per Wikipedia conventions, there should be no more than 10–15 external links in this section. External links that don't merit inclusion here should either be removed altogether, moved to daughter articles, or incorporated into the article text as references.-->
{{Sisterlinks}}
{{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=yes lcheading=Atheism}}
* {{en}} [http://anarchoi.gudbug.com/2006/10/13/the-philosophy-of-atheism/ The Philosophy of Atheism] oleh [[Emma Goldman]]
* {{PhilPapers|category|atheism}}
* {{en}} [http://www.iep.utm.edu/atheism Ateisme di ''The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'']
* {{InPho|idea|1006}}
* {{en}} [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/ Ateisme] pada [[BBC|situs bbc.co.uk]].
* {{cite SEP |url-id=atheism-agnosticism/ |title=Atheism and Agnosticism}}
* {{id}} [http://ateispediaindonesia.com/ Ateispedia Indonesia]
* {{IEP|atheism}}
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/n-atheis The New Atheists in ''The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'']
* {{dmoz|Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Atheism/|Atheism}} – Includes links to organizations and websites.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/ Religion & Ethics—Atheism] at [[bbc.co.uk]].
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/ Secular Web library] – Library of both historical and modern writings, a comprehensive online resource for freely available material on atheism.
* [http://www.agreeley.com/articles/hardcore.html The Demand for Religion] – A study on the demographics of Atheism by Wolfgang Jagodzinski (University of Cologne) and Andrew Greeley (University of Chicago and University of Arizona).
 
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