Zaman Heroik Penjelajahan Antarktika: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Zaman Heroik Penjelajahan Antarktika''' adalah sebuah era yang dimulai pada akhir abad ke-19, dan berakhir setelah [[Perang Dunia Pertama]]; [[Ekspedisi Shackleton–Rowett]] tahun 1921–22 seringkali dikutip oleh para sejarawan sebagai garis pembagian antara zaman "Heroik" dan "Mekanikal".<ref>Fisher, p. 449</ref><ref>Smith, p. 414</ref><ref>Sejarawan [[Aant Elzinga]] memberikan penanggalan tahun 1945, menganggap [[Perang Dunia II]] menjadi titik balik dalam riset Antarktika.{{cite book|first= Aang|last= Elzinga|title= Changing Trends in Antarctic Research|publisher= Springer|year= 1993|location= Dordrecth|isbn= 978-0-58-528849-9}}</ref> dimana 17 [[daftar penjelajahan Antarktika|penjelajahan Antarktika]] besar diluncurkan dari sepuluh negara.<ref name= B19>Barczewski, pp. 19–20. </ref> Faktor umum dalam penjelajahan-penjelajahan tersebut adalah alam terbatas dari sumber-sumber daya yang tersedia kepada mereka sebelum kemajuan dalam [[transportasi di Antarktika|transportasi]] dan [[telekomunikasi di Antarktika|teknologi komunikasi]] yang merevolusionisasikan karya penjelajahan.<ref name= Fisherlate/><ref>Huntford, p. 691&nbsp;– "before machines took over."</ref> Ini menandakan bahwa setiap penjelajahan menjadi sebuah kekhawatiran saat dilakukan, dan terkadang terhalang oleh batas-batas fisik dan netral personilnya. Label "heroik", yang disebutkan pada masa selanjutnya, mengakui petualangan-petualangan yang dilakukan oleh para pionir tersebut, beberapa dari mereka tidak selamat pada penjelajahan tersebut; pada masa ini, 19 anggota penjelajahan tewas.
 
Pada penjelajahan-penjelajahan tersebut, [[kutub geografi]] dan [[kutub Magnetik Selatan|magnetik]] sama-sama diraih. Pengabdian untuk mencapai wilayah geografi [[Kutub Selatan]] adalah obyek utama dalam beberapa ekspedisi, dan merupakan alasan tunggal bagi perjalanan [[Roald Amundsen]]. Namun, ini tak hanya menjadi aspek penjelajahan kutub pada masa itu; penjelajahan lainnya dilakukan dengan tujuan-tujuan berarti di kawasan-kawasan berbeda dari benua tersebut. Akibat seluruh kegiatan ini, sebagian besar garis pantai benua tersebut ditemukan dan dipetakan, dan kawasan signifikan dari bagian dalamnya dijelajahi. Penjelajahan-penjelajahan tersebut juga memajukan sejumlah besar data saintifik dan spesimen pada serangkaian besar pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan, percobaan dan analisisi yang membuat kesibukan komunitas saintifik di dunia sepanjang berdekade-dekade.<ref>Contohnya, hasil saintifik dari [[Penjelajahan Antarktika Nasional Skotlandia]], 1902–04 masih diterbitkan pada 1920 (Speak, p. 100). 25 volume hasil dari [[Penjelajahan Terra Nova]], 1910–13 diterbitkan pada 1925. ({{cite web|title= British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13|url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/95/95247.html|publisher= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=4 December 2008}})</ref>
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{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Sumber ==
 
=== Buku ===
 
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* {{cite web|last= Ryne|first= Linn|title= Roald Amundsen|url= http://www.norway.org.uk/history/expolorers/amundsen/amundsen.htm|publisher= Norwegian Embassy (UK)|accessdate=25 September 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080422100914/http://www.norway.org.uk/history/expolorers/amundsen/amundsen.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 22 April 2008}}
* {{cite web|title= The Voyage of the Challenger|publisher= Stony Brook University, N.Y.|url= http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/challenger.html|accessdate=9 November 2008}}
* [http://www.portlandmonthly.com/portmag/2012/10/working-class-hero/ Working-Class 'Hero' after two decades of polar exploration.] Portland Magazine. November 2012.
 
[[Kategori:Sejarah Antarktika]]