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{{untuk|kegunaan lainnya|Negara (disambiguasi)}}
[[Berkas:Europe countries map 2.png|thumb|Sama dengan peta di atas, tetapi menunjukkan negara berdaulat yang diakui PBB]]
Syarat primer sebuah negara adalah memiliki rakyat, memiliki wilayah, dan memiliki pemerintahan yang berdaulat. Sedangkan syarat sekundernya adalah mendapat pengakuan dari negara lain.▼
'''Negara''' adalah sekumpulan orang yang menempati wilayah tertentu dan diorganisasi oleh pemerintah negara yang sah, yang umumnya memiliki kedaulatan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/ComLaw/Legislation/ActCompilation1.nsf/framelodgmentattachments/C9CB248BCF472C8BCA257664002343B3 |title=Acts Interpretation Act 1901 - Sect 22: Meaning of certain words |publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute |accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/disp.pl/au/cases/cth/federal%5fct/1997/912.html |title=The Kwet Koe v Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs & Ors [1997] FCA 912 (8 September 1997)|publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute |accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/84411.pdf |title=U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 2—General |format=PDF |publisher=United States Department of State |accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref> Negara juga merupakan suatu wilayah yang memiliki suatu sistem atau aturan yang berlaku bagi semua individu di wilayah tersebut, dan berdiri secara independent.
▲Syarat primer sebuah negara adalah memiliki rakyat, memiliki wilayah,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/cs/politicalgeog/a/statenation.htm| title=Geography: Country, State, and Nation |accessdate=2008-11-12 |last=Rosenberg |first=Matt}}</ref> dan memiliki pemerintahan yang berdaulat. Sedangkan syarat sekundernya adalah mendapat pengakuan dari negara lain.
== Kedaulatan negara ==
{{See also|Daftar negara berdaulat}}
Kata "negara" dipakai beberapa ahli untuk merujuk pada [[negara berdaulat]]. Tidak ada kesepakatan khusus mengenai jumlah negara di dunia, karena ada beberapa negara yang [[Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas|masih diperdebatkan kedaulatannya]]. Ada total 206 negara, dengan 193 negara anggota [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] dan 13 lainnya yang kedaulatannya diperdebatkan.
Meskipun bukan negara berdaulat, [[Inggris]], [[Skotlandia]], [[Wales]] dan [[Irlandia Utara]] (yang tergabung dalam [[Britania Raya]]) adalah contoh entitas yang disepakati dan dirujuk sebagai negara.<ref name="Lib of Congress">{{Cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/law/help/uk.php|title=Legal Research Guide: United Kingdom|publisher=[[Law Library of Congress]]|date=2009-07-23|accessdate=2013-03-29|quote=The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the collective name of four countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The four separate countries were united under a single Parliament through a series of Acts of Union.}}</ref><ref name="Number 10">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=countries within a country:number10.gov.uk|publisher=[[10 Downing Street]]|date=2003-01-10|accessdate=2009-09-22|work=10 Downing Street website|quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.}}</ref><ref name="commonwealth">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookInternal/139598/geography/|title=Commonwealth Secretariat — Geography|publisher=[[Commonwealth Secretariat]]|date=2009-09-22|accessdate=2009-09-22|work=Commonwealth Secretariat website|quote=The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is a union of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.}}</ref><ref name="Europa">{{Cite web|url=http://europa.eu/youth/travelling_europe/index_uk_en.html|title=Travelling Europe — United Kingdom|publisher=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=2009-09-22|date=2009-06-29|work=European Youth Portal|quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.}}</ref> Bekas negara lainnya seperti [[Bavaria]] (kini bagian dari [[Jerman]]) dan [[Piedmont]] (kini bagian dari [[Italia]]) tidak akan dirujuk sebagai "negara" dalam kondisi normal, walaupun mereka pernah menjadi sebuah negara yang berdiri sendiri pada masa lalu.
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar negara berdaulat]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
=== Bibliografi ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
{{col|2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Barrow, Clyde W.|title=Critical Theories of State: Marxist, Neo-Marxist, Post-Marxist|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=1993|isbn=0-299-13714-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t3zo8mCl580C}}
* {{Cite book|author=Bobbio, Norberto|title=Democracy and Dictatorship: The Nature and Limits of State Power|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=1989|isbn=0-8166-1813-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4AE8ur83g8AC}}
* {{cite book|title=The Modern State: Theories and Ideologies|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7486-2176-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Pr8tAAAAYAAJ|author=Cudworth, Erika|display-authors=1}}
* {{cite book|author=Dogan, Mattei|chapter=Conceptions of Legitimacy|editors=Paynter, John et al.|title=Encyclopedia of government and politics|publisher=Psychology Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-415-07224-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_MdR_fvPxZoC&pg=PA116}}
* {{cite book|title=Political Geography: World Economy, Nation-State, and Locality|edition=5th|publisher=Pearson/Prentice Hall|year=2007|isbn=978-0-13-196012-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GXz9xHdHeZcC|author=Flint, Colin & Taylor, Peter}}
* {{cite book|author=Hay, Colin|chapter=State theory|editor=Jones, R.J. Barry|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries P-Z|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2001|isbn=978-0-415-24352-0|pages=1469–1475|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lSmU3aXWIAYC&pg=PA1469}}
* {{cite book|author=Joseph, Jonathan|title=Social theory: an introduction|publisher=NYU Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8147-4277-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ic5UOphbKHsC}}
* {{cite book|author=Malešević, Siniša|title=Ideology, legitimacy and the new state: Yugoslavia, Serbia and Croatia|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7146-5215-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Lc_nMFoGcYkC}}
* {{cite book|author=Nelson, Brian T.|title=The making of the modern state: a theoretical evolution|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2006|isbn=978-1-4039-7189-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cvtYZmiOjT8C}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bringing the State Back In|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1985|isbn=0-521-31313-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sYgTwHQbNAAC|author=Rueschemeyer, Dietrich; Skocpol, Theda; Evans, Peter B.}}
* {{Cite book|author=Salmon, Trevor C.|title=Issues in international relations|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis US|isbn=978-0-415-43126-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ayz0kWKhKacC}}
* {{cite book|author=Sartwell, Crispin|title=Against the state: an introduction to anarchist political theory|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7914-7447-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bk-aaMVGKO0C}}
* {{cite book|author=Scott, James C.|title=The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-300-15228-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oiLYu2-uc8IC}}
* {{cite book|author=Skinner, Quentin|chapter=The state|editors=Ball, T; Farr, J.; and Hanson, R.L.|title=Political Innovation and Conceptual Change|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1989|isbn=0-521-35978-3|pages=90–131|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1QrSKH_Q5M8C&pg=PA90}}
* {{cite book|author=Vincent, Andrew|chapter=Conceptions of the State|editors=Paynter, John et al.|title=Encyclopedia of government and politics|publisher=Psychology Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-415-07224-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_MdR_fvPxZoC&pg=PA48}}
{{EndDiv}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.voyage.gc.ca/countries_pays/menu-eng.asp Canada Foreign Affairs Travel Advisories]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html The CIA World Factbook]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060411202432/http://www.state.gov/misc/list/index.htm/ Country
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ Country Studies] from the [[United States Library of Congress]]
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/foreigngovt.htm Foreign Information by Country] and [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/foreignalpha.htm Country & Territory Guides] from GovPubs at UCB Libraries
* [http://www.populationdata.net PopulationData.net]
* [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ United Nations statistics division]
[[Kategori:Negara| ]]
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