Pertempuran Hampton Roads: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Pertempuran Hampton Roads''', sering dirujuk kepada '''Pertempuran ''Monitor'' dan ''Merrimack''''' (atau '''''Virginia''''') atau '''Pertempuran Ironclads''', adalah [[pertempuran laut]] paling terkenal dan bisa dikatakan yang paling penting dari [[Perang Saudara Amerika]] dari sudut pandang pengembangan angkatan laut. Itu berjuang selama dua hari, 8-9 Maret 1862, di [[Hampton Roads]], sebuah [[dermaga]] di Virginia dimana [[Elizabeth River (Virginia) | Elizabeth]] dan [[Nansemond River | Nansemond ]] sungai memenuhi [[James River (Virginia) | James River]] sebelum memasuki [[Chesapeake Bay]] berdekatan dengan kota [[Norfolk, VA | Norfolk]]. Pertempuran ini berlangsung selama dua hari, dari 8-9 Maret 1862, di [[Hampton Roads]], sebuah [[dermaga]] di Virginia di mana sungai [[Sungai Elizabeth (Virginia)|Elizabeth]] dan [[Sungai Nansemond|Nansemond]] bertemu dengan [[Sungai James (Virginia)|Sungai James]] sebelum memasuki [[Teluk Chesapeake]] yang berdekatan dengan kota [[Norfolk, VA|Norfolk]]. Pertempuran ini adalah bagian dari upaya [[Confederate States of America|Konfederasi]] untuk mematahkan blokade Union, yang telah memutuskan kota terbesar Virginia, [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] dan [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], dari perdagangan internasional.<ref>Musicant 1995, pp. 134–178; Anderson 1962, pp. 71–77; Tucker 2006, p. 151.</ref><ref name=DeMeissner>{{cite book|last=de Meissner|first=Sophie Radford|title=Old Naval Days|year=1920|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York|pages=244–251}}</ref>
== Lihat juga ==
*[[Daftar kapal Angkatan Laut Negara-Negara Konfederasi]]
*[[Angkatan Laut Union]]
*[[Angkatan Laut Negara-Negara Konfederasi]]
== Catatan ==
Abbreviations used in these notes:
:{{anchor|ORA}}ORA (Official records, armies): ''War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies.''
:{{anchor|ORN}}ORN (Official records, navies): ''Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.''
{{reflist|2}}▼
== Referensi ==
*{{vcite book |author=Anderson, Bern|title= By sea and by river: the naval history of the Civil War |publisher=Knopf; reprint, Da Capo, n.d. |year=1962 |isbn=0-306-80367-4}}
▲{{reflist}}
*{{vcite book |author=Browning, Robert M. Jr.|title=From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War|publisher=University of Alabama |year=1993 |isbn= 0-8173-5019-5}}
*{{vcite book |author=Davis, William C.|title=Duel between the first ironclads|publisher=Doubleday, |year=1975}}
*{{vcite book |author=Durkin, Joseph T.|title=Stephen R. Mallory: Confederate Navy chief |publisher=University of North Carolina; reprint, University of South Carolina, 1987|year=1954 |isbn=0-87249-518-3}}
*{{vcite book |author=Gibbons, Tony|title=The complete encyclopedia of battleships: a technical directory of capital ships from 1860 to the present day|publisher=Salamander Books |year=1983 |isbn=0-517-37810-8}}
*{{vcite book |author=Luraghi, Raimondo|title=A history of the Confederate Navy|location=Annapolis, Md.|publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1996 |isbn=1-55750-527-6}} (translation by Paolo E. Coletta of ''Marina del Sud: storia della marina confederate nella Guerra Civile Americana, 1861–1865.'' Rizzoli, 1993.)
*{{vcite book |author=Musicant, Ivan|title=Divided waters: the naval history of the Civil War |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1995 |isbn=0-06-016482-4}}
*{{vcite book |author=Nelson, James L.|title=Reign of iron: the story of the first battling ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2004|isbn= 0-06-052403-0}}
*Quarstein, John V., ''C.S.S. Virginia, Mistress of Hampton Roads'', self-published for the Virginia Civil War Battles and Leaders Series; 2000. ISBN 1-56190-118-0
*{{vcite book |author=Scharf, J. Thomas|title=History of the Confederate States Navy from its organization to the surrender of its last vessel; its stupendous struggle with the great Navy of the United States, the engagements fought in the rivers and harbors of the South and upon the high seas, blockade-running, first use of iron-clads and torpedoes, and privateer history |location= New York |publisher=Rogers & Sherwood |year=1887; reprint, Random House, 1996.}}
*{{vcite book|author=Simson, Jay W.|title=Naval strategies of the Civil War: Confederate innovations and Federal opportunism|location=Nashville|publisher=Cumberland House|year=2001|isbn=1-58182-195-6}}
*{{vcite book |author=Still, William N. Jr.|title=Iron afloat: the story of the Confederate armorclads|publisher=Vanderbilt University |year=1985 |isbn=0-87249-616-3}}
*{{vcite book |author=Tucker, Spencer|title=Blue & gray navies: the Civil War afloat |location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-59114-882-0}}
*{{vcite book |author=United States Department of the Navy, Naval History Department|title=Civil War naval chronology, 1861–1865 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1971}}
*{{vcite book |author=Wise, Stephen R.|title=Lifeline of the Confederacy: blockade running during the Civil War |publisher=University of South Carolina |year=1988 |isbn=9780872495548}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikisourcelang|language = en|The_Battle_of_Hampton_Roads= The_Battle_of_Hampton_Roads|title = The Battle of Hampton Roads}}
{{Commons category|Battle of Hampton Roads}}
*[http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/lhbcb.08753 ''A record of events in Norfolk County, Virginia''], online text with an entire chapter on the battle.
*[http://www.multied.com/Navy/cwnavalhistory/ Civil War Naval History]
*[http://monitor.nos.noaa.gov/ USS ''Monitor'' National Historical Site]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041017025755/http://www.havenworks.com:80/military/uss-monitor/ ''Monitor'' in the news] – Its 'revolutionary' gun turret has been raised from the ocean floor.
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/monitor/ On-line exhibition of the ''Monitor'']
*[http://www.footnote.com/spotlight/13465/the_chicago_tribune_1862_an_account_of/ "An original 1862 Chicago Tribune Article!"]
*[http://cssvirginia.org/ website devoted to CSS ''Virginia'']
*[http://www.civilwarhome.com/ironclad.htm Battle of Hampton Road website]
*First Edition Report on the [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/monitor-merrimac.htm Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac]
*[http://www.newsinhistory.com/feature/battle-hampton-roads-historic-first-clash-ironclad-warships Newspaper coverage of the Battle of Hampton Roads]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111117003521/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/Battles/va008.htm National Park Service Battle Summary]
* [http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/CWSII/VirginiaBattlefieldProfiles/Hampton%20Roads%20to%20High%20Bridge.pdf CWSAC Report Update]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran laut dalam Perang Saudara Amerika]]
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