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== Pengaruh Iqbal pada Jinnah ==
Pengaruh paling terdokumentasi [[Muhammad Iqbal]] terhadap Jinnah, yang dianggap berujung pada pembentukan Pakistan, dianggpadianggap "signifikan", "berkuasa" dan bahkan "tak perlu ditanya" oleh para cendekiawan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Paul|first1=T.|title=The Warrior State: Pakistan in the Contemporary World|pages=37–38|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=IYBeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBoQ6AEwADgeahUKEwjPzbrapYvIAhWSEZIKHTqhCEw#v=onepage&q=jinnah%20iqbal%20influence&f=false|quote=Iqbal wrote several letters to Jinnah in 1937 persuading him to take the lead in creating Pakistan... These correspondences would change the way Jinnah would look at the issue of a separate homeland for Muslims.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kenworthy|first1=Leonard|title=Leaders of New Nations|page=230|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=p6-0B2S5ajQC&q=jinnah+iqbal+influence&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgeahUKEwjPzbrapYvIAhWSEZIKHTqhCEw|quote=Iqbal's influence was perhaps the most powerful in Jinnah's decision to support the partition}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iqbal|first1=Khurshid|title=The Right to Development in International Law: The Case of Pakistan|journal=Routledge Research in Human Rights Law|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=SDx9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT220&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBDg8ahUKEwjokrm-qYvIAhXDfpIKHYMhDE4#v=onepage&q=jinnah%20iqbal%20influence&f=false|quote=Jinnah's views were significantly influenced by the ideas of Iqbal}}</ref><ref name="qurtuba.edu.pk">{{cite journal|last1=Khan|first1=Zamir|title=Iqbal and Quaid's Vision of Pakistan|journal=The Dialogue|volume=2010, June 30, 5, 2|page=151|url=http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/5_2/Dialogue_April_June2010_136-164.pdf|quote=Iqbal's influence on Jinnah is unquestionable}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shah|first1=Mujawar|title=Religion and Politics in Pakistan: 1972-88|date=1996|page=35|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=qRbXAAAAMAAJ&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=iqbal+influence&search_plus_one=form|quote=Iqbal's correspondence with Jinnah also played an important role in formulating his course of action.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Concept|journal=Pakistani periodicals|date=2006|volume=26|issue=1-6|page=21|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=j-NtAAAAMAAJ&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=influenced+&search_plus_one=form|quote=Certainly these views influenced Mr Jinnah to declare urgently a solid solution to the Indian constitutional problem by projecting Muslims as a separate body}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=South Asian Studies|volume=3|page=19|publisher=Centre for South Asian Studies|quote=The influence of Iqbal on him was discernible.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gil|first1=Nazir|title=Development of Urdu Language and Literature Under the Shadow of the British in India|page=99|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wIBMYs047EoC&pg=PA99&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBmoVChMIusaO6ZSLyAIVVn-SCh2i3Q9N#v=onepage&q=jinnah%20iqbal%20influence&f=false|quote=Iqbal's continuous correspondence convinced Jinnah that the creation of the Muslim state was the only solution.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Naik|first1=Vasant|title=Mr. Jinnah: A Political Study|page=55|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=4b9fS1kA4aMC&q=jinnah+iqbal+influence&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCDhaahUKEwiJpfPdqovIAhXGdD4KHechAzQ|quote=the biographer of Jinnah admits 'that these letters of Iqbal exercised influence on the mind of Mohamed Ali Jinnah.'}}</ref> Ia juga dikenal mempengaruhi Jinnah untuk mengakhiri masa pengasingan dirinya di London dan kembali masuk politik India.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ziring|first1=Lawrence|title=Pakistan: The Enigma of Political Development|page=67|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jgSOAAAAMAAJ&q=%22it+was+Iqbal+who+encouraged+Jinnah+to+return+to+India.%22&dq=%22it+was+Iqbal+who+encouraged+Jinnah+to+return+to+India.%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|quote=It was Iqbal who encouraged Jinnah to return to India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=Qutubuddin|title=Jinnah and Pakistan|page=98|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=1wluAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Iqbal%27s+persuasive+letter+to+Jinnah+in+London+to+return+to+India+and+undertake+the+leadership+of+the+Muslim+League%22&dq=%22Iqbal%27s+persuasive+letter+to+Jinnah+in+London+to+return+to+India+and+undertake+the+leadership+of+the+Muslim+League%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIrKmft5nFyAIVwXI-Ch2HAQi4|quote=Iqbal's persuasive letter to Jinnah in London to return to India and undertake the leadership of the Muslim League....undoubtedly contributed to Jinnah's eventual decision to return to India permanently}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Iqbal|title=The Ardent Pilgrim: An Introduction to the Life and Work of Mohammed Iqbal|page=153|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=L_pjAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Iqbal+was+indirectly+responsible+for+Jinnah%27s+return+to+India+from+London%22&dq=%22Iqbal+was+indirectly+responsible+for+Jinnah%27s+return+to+India+from+London%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|quote=Iqbal was indirectly responsible for Jinnah's return to India from London.}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia=Global Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophy |publisher = Global Vision Publishing House |pages=342 |url= https://books.google.ca/books?id=U7xOAQAAIAAJ&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=convincing+&search_plus_one=form |quote= Iqbal was an influential force in convincing Jinnah to end his self-imposed exile in London.}}</ref> Namun, pada awalnya, Iqbal dan Jinnah saling berseberangan, karena Iqbal menganggap Jinnah mengabaikan krisis-krisis yang dihadapi komunitas Muslim di India. Menurut [[Akbar S. Ahmed]], ia mulai mengubah hari-hari terakhir Iqbal, sebelum ia meninggal pada 1938. Iqbal secara bertahap menuntun Jinnah kepada pandangannya, yang kemudian menyebut Iqbal sebagai ''"mentor"''-nya. Ahmed menyatakan bahwa dalam catatannya pada surat-surat Iqbal, Jinnah mengeluarkan persetujuan terhadap pandangan Iqbal: Bahwa kaum Muslim membutuhkan sebuah tanah air yang terpisah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Akbar|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|pages=62–73}}</ref>
Pengaruh Iqbal membawa apresiasi mendalam untuk identitas Muslim pada Jinnah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kazimi|first1=M.|title=M.A. Jinnah Views and Reviews|page=114|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZgVuAAAAMAAJ&dq=jinnah+iqbal+influence&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=influence&search_plus_one=form |quote= Iqbal's influence led Jinnah to a deeper appreciation of Muslim identity}}</ref> Ahmed menyatakan bahwa kesepakatan Jinnah terhadap Iqbal tak hanya merasuk pada politiknya namun pemikiran umumnya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Akbar|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|pages=117, 175–178}}</ref> Bukti pengaruh tersebut mulai terbongkar semenjak tahun 1937. Jinnah mulai menyebut Iqbal dalam pidato-pidatonya, ia mulai menggunakan simbolisme Islami dan berbicara kepada orang-orang yang kurang mampu. Menurut Ahmed, ''"terkadang terdapat perubahan bulat"'' dalam perkataan dan perbuatan Jinnah. Meskipun Jinnah masih memperjuangkan kebebasan beragama dan perlindungan kaum minoritas model tersebut ia serap dari Nabi Muhammad. Ahmed juga mengklaim bahwa cendekiawan-cendekiawan yang menggambarkan citra sekuler Jinnah salah memahami pidato-pidatonya yang, ia anggap, harus dibaca dalam konteks sejarah dan budaya Islami. Contohnya, tanah air yang Jinnah sebut berdasarkan pada "konversi"-nya adalah sebuah ''"sifat Islami yang tegas."'' Perubahan tersebut terlihat pada akhir kehidupan Hinnah, yang membawa gagasan-gagasan ''"secara langsung dari Iqbal- yang meliputi pemikiran-pemikirannya tentang persatuan Muslim, tentang gagasan kebebasan, keadilan dan kesetaraan Islami, tentang ekonomi, dan bahkan tentang praktik-praktik seperti salat."''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khan|first1=Zamir|title=Iqbal and Quaid's Vision of Pakistan|journal=The Dialogue|volume=2010, June 30, 5, 2|page=151|url=http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/5_2/Dialogue_April_June2010_136-164.pdf}}</ref>
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