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Baris 38: Belalang dapat melipat [[sayap]], sehingga ditempatkan dalam kelompok [[Neoptera]]. [[Berkas:Metrioptera roeseli male Richard Bartz.jpg\|right\|200px\|thumb\|[[:en:Roesel's bush-cricket\|Roesel's bush-cricket]]]] == Etimologi == Nama ini diturunkan dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ''ortho'' artinya ''lurus'' dan ''ptera'' artinya ''bersayap''. == Ciri khas == Orthoptera umumnya mempunyai badan [[silinder (geometry)\|berbentuk silinder/tabung]], dengan kaki belakang yang lebih panjang untuk meloncat. Mempunyai bagian mulut [[mandible (arthropod)\|mandibulate]] untuk menggigit dan mengunyah. Matanya besar majemuk, dan dapat mempunyai atau tanpa [[ocelli]], tergantung dari [[spesies]]. [[:en:antenna (biology)\|Antena]] berbuku banyak dan berbentuk filiform, panjangnya beragam.<ref name=IIBD>{{cite book\|author= Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H.\|year=1998\|title=Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed.\|publisher= Oxford University Press\|pages= 392–394\|isbn= 0-19-510033-6}}</ref> Baris 51: The number of moults varies between species; growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions. --> == Orthoptera sebagai bahan makanan == <!--{{see also\|Kosher locust}}--> Orthoptera meliputi jenis serangga satu-satunya yang dianggap [[kosher]] dalam [[Yudaisme]].<!== DaftarThe list of dietary laws in the [[book of Leviticus]] forbids all flying insects that walk, but makes an exception for certain [[locust~~\|locusts~~]]s. Strangely, the [[dragonfly]] and [[cranefly]] are not kosher, but they are helpless when unable to fly.--><ref name="Gordon">{{citation \|title=The eat-a-bug cookbook \|pages=3 \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sI0Zax6ljq8C&pg=PA3 \|first=David George \|last=Gordon \|publisher=Ten Speed Press \|year= 1998 \|isbn=0-89815-977-6}}</ref> The [[Torah]] states the only kosher flying insects with four walking legs have knees that extend above their feet so that they hop.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?action=displayanchor&pentid=P3008 \|title=Navigating the Bible: Leviticus }}</ref><!-- Thus non-jumping orthoptera such as [[mole crickets]] are certainly not kosher. ==Phylogenetics== Baris 64: Dikenal ada 2 subordo dan 235 subfamilia pada ordo ini. * Subordo [[Ensifera]] Superfamilia [[Grylloidea]] * [[Gryllidae]] – true crickets * [[Gryllotalpidae]] – mole crickets * [[Mogoplistidae]] * [[Myrmecophilidae]] – ant crickets Superfamilia [[Hagloidea]] * [[Haglidae]]† * [[Hagloedischiidae]]† * [[Prophalangopsidae]] – grigs * [[Tuphellidae]]† Superfamilia [[Phasmomimoidea]]† * [[Phasmomimidae]]† Superfamilia [[Rhaphidophoroidea]] * [[Rhaphidophoridae]] – camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas Superfamilia [[Schizodactyloidea]] * [[Schizodactylidae]] – dune crickets Superfamilia [[Stenopelmatoidea]] * [[Anostostomatidae]] – wetas, king crickets * [[Cooloolidae]] * [[Gryllacrididae]] – leaf-rolling crickets * [[Stenopelmatidae]] – Jerusalem crickets Superfamilia [[Tettigonioidea]] * [[Haglotettigoniidae]]† * [[Tettigoniidae]] – katydids / bush crickets * Subordo [[Caelifera]] – grasshoppers, locusts [[~~File~~Berkas:Hooded Grasshopper (Teratodus monticollis) W IMG 0525.jpg\|thumb\|190px\|''[[Teratodus monticollis]]'' Hooded Grasshopper]] Infraorder [[Acrididea]] * Superfamilia [[Acridoidea]] ** [[Acrididae]] – grasshoppers, locusts [[Charilaidae]] [[Dericorythidae]] [[Lathiceridae]] [[Lentulidae]] [[Lithidiidae]] [[Ommexechidae]] [[Pamphagidae]] – toad grasshoppers [[Pyrgacrididae]] [[Romaleidae]] – lubber grasshoppers [[Tristiridae]] * Superfamilia [[Eumastacoidea]] ** [[Chorotypidae]] [[Episactidae]] [[Eumastacidae]] – monkey grasshopper or matchstick grasshoppers [[Euschmidtiidae]] [[Mastacideidae]] [[Morabidae]] [[Promastacidae]]† [[Proscopiidae]] – stick grasshoppers or jumping sticks [[Thericleidae]]<!-- -->[[~~File~~Berkas:Peruvian Stick Bug.jpg\|thumb\|right\|[[Proscopiidae\|Proscopiid]] from the [[Andes]] of [[Peru]]]] * Superfamilia [[Locustopsoidea]]† ** [[Araripelocustidae]]† [[Bouretidae]]† [[Eolocustopsidae]]† [[Locustavidae]]† [[Locustopsidae]]† * Superfamilia [[Pneumoroidea]] ** [[Pneumoridae]] – bladder grasshoppers * Superfamilia [[Pyrgomorphoidea]] ** [[Pyrgomorphidae]] – gaudy grasshoppers * Superfamilia [[Tanaoceroidea]] ** [[Tanaoceridae]] * Superfamilia [[Tetrigoidea]] ** [[Tetrigidae]] – grouse locusts * Superfamilia [[Trigonopterygoidea]] ** [[Trigonopterygidae]] [[Xyronotidae]] Infraorder [[Tridactylidea]] * Superfamilia [[Dzhajloutshelloidea]]† [[Dzhajloutshellidae]]† * Superfamilia [[Regiatoidea]]† ** [[Regiatidae]]† * Superfamilia [[Tridactyloidea]] ** [[Cylindrachetidae]] – sandgropers [[Ripipterygidae]] ** [[Tridactylidae]] – pygmy mole crickets == Lihat pula == <!--[[List of orthoptera recorded in Britain]]--> [[Orthopterida]] * [[Female sperm storage]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} Baris 152: {{commons category}} {{wikispecies}} * [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/ Orthoptera Species File Online] * [http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/orthoptera Orthoptera Image Gallery (Iowa State University Entomology Department)] * [http://www.affa.gov.au/content/output.cfm?ObjectID=D2C48F86-BA1A-11A1-A2200060B0A00383 Australian Plague Locust Commission] * [http://www.orthoptera.org/ The Orthopterists' Society] * [http://www.acrida.info AcridAfrica, les acridiens d'Afrique de l'Ouest] * [http://locust.cirad.fr/] * {{Cite NIE\|wstitle=Orthoptera\|year=1905 \|short=x}} * [http://www.ricochetscience.com/birdwing_grasshopper/] {{Insecta}}

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