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[[ImageBerkas:Evangelican_Lutheran_Church_of_America_logo.gif|150px|thumb|right]]
'''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''' ('''ELCA''') dalah sebuah [[denominasi]] [[Protestan]] [[arus utama]] yang berpusat di [[Chicago, Illinois]], [[Amerika Serikat]]. Gereja ini dibentuk pada 1988 melalui penggabungan tiga gereja dan saat ini mempunyai sekitar 4,9 juta anggota dan merupakan denominasi [[Lutheranisme|Lutheran]] di [[Agama di Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]]. Dua denominasi Lutheran teresar berikutnya adalah [[Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod]] (Gereja Lutheran - Sinode Missouri), dengan anggota sekitar 2,6 juta orang dan [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]] (Sinode Lutheran Injili Wisconsin), dengan anggota sekitar 410.000 orang. Masih ada banyak lagi gereja-gereja Lutheran yang lebih kecil di Amerika Serikat.
 
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Gereja ini tampil dalam tiga cara:
1) Gereja nasional
2) Sinode-sinode lokal
3) Jemaat-jemaat lokal
 
Gereja ini dibagi ke dalam 65 [[sinode]], satu di antaranya adalah sinode non-geografis ([[Sinode Sion Slowakia]]) dan 64 sinode wilayah di Amerika Serikat dan Kepulauan Karibia, masing-masing dipimpin oleh seorang uskup sinodal dan dewan. ELCA menggunakan istilah ''sinode'' dalam pengertian yang berbeda dengan [[Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod]] atau [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]], yang merupakan denominasi berbeda.
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* ''Interpretation of Scripture'': Generally speaking, ELCA clergy are somewhat less likely to take the [[Biblical inerrancy|Bible literally]] than those in the LCMS or WELS. ELCA seminaries and colleges generally teach a form of [[Higher Criticism|historical-critical]] method of biblical analysis, an approach that, broadly speaking, seeks to understand the scriptures and the process of canon formation with reference to historical and social context. For a brief description, see [http://www.elca.org/questions/Results.asp?recid=17 What is the Bible?] on the ELCA website. The ELCA is a very broad organization and there are large segments of the denomination that are "evangelical conservative," "confessional," liturgical," "charismatic/renewal," "moderate," and "liberal activist" or combinations of these. Each of these groups tends to see and use the Bible a bit differently. There are indications that this young denomination (1988) is starting to see this diversity as an asset.
 
* ''Sacraments'': Like other Lutheran church bodies, the ELCA practices two [[Sacrament]]s, [[Holy Communion|Communion]] (or the [[Eucharist]]) and [[baptism|Holy Baptism]] (including [[infant baptism]]). The ELCA holds to the doctrine of the [[Sacramental Union]], in other words, the belief that Christ is truly present –– body, soul, humanity and divinity –– "in, with and under" ([[Augsburg Confession]]) the Bread and Wine, so that communicants receive both, the elements and Christ himself. Other denominations sometimes erroneously perceive this as a belief in [[consubstantiation]]. The ELCA, however, rejects the belief of consubstantiation and regards attempts to explain in terms of philosophical metaphysics how the Eucharist "works" as disrespectful of the Sacrament's miraculous and mysterious character. The [[Roman Catholic Church]] believes in [[transubstantiation]], while many other Protestant church bodies doubt the Real Presence in the elements of communion. Unlike most other American Lutheran church bodies, ELCA congregations practice [[open communion]], inviting all baptized persons to receive communion in their congregations.
 
* ''Ministerial training and ordination'': Pastors are trained at one of eight ELCA seminaries located throughout the United States. They generally hold a Bachelor of Arts degree or equivalent, as well as a master's degree in [[divinity]], and are required to learn biblical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]. Pastors are ordained by bishops under terms of ''[[Called to Common Mission]]'' (CCM), the full-communion agreement between the ELCA and [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|The Episcopal Church]] which calls for the ELCA to adopt [[apostolic succession]] in its ordained ministers. Since the passage of CCM, a small number of pastors have elected for presbyteral ordination rather than episcopal ordination, under an [http://www.elca.org/ecumenical/fullcommunion/episcopal/ccmresources/Ordination_Unusual_policy.pdf bylaw exception] passed by the 2001 Churchwide Assembly. In other words, in certain circumstances it is allowed for a pastor, rather than a bishop, to ordain a pastor in the ELCA, with the understanding that this particular pastor would not be eligible for service in the Episcopal Church.
 
* ''Worship styles'': Worship styles can vary –– from "traditional," in which hymns dating from pre-Reformation times up to the present day are used, to "contemporary," where popular gospel music is incorporated. The ELCA has several [[liturgy|liturgical]] traditions, and some of its services (especially in the Eastern US and in other congregations of "high church" persuasion) would be familiar to a Roman Catholic or an Episcopalian, including features such as the "sign of the cross," the use of Latin-Rite vestments (alb, cincture, and stole; the chasuble is worn occasionally by clergy presiding at Holy Communion), and the traditional liturgical colors: white, red, green, and purple –– although in recent years, blue is worn for Advent, scarlet for Holy Week, gold for Easter Sunday only, and black, the traditional color for mourning, is now only worn for Ash Wednesday. On the other hand, many Lutheran congregations have at least one informal contemporary service led by a band and sometimes using projection media. Visitors from a Protestant Charismatic or Pentecostal congregation might feel right at home (use of free prayer, interactive Bible teaching, raised hands in worship, "ministry time" for prayer, etc.) The principal books of worship are the new Evangelical Lutheran Worship (see below) and the ''[[Lutheran Book of Worship]]''. Other official resources include ''With One Voice'', ''This Far by Faith,'' and ''Libro de Liturgia y Cántico ''. The church is currently coming down the home stretch in the [http://www.renewingworship.org/ Renewing Worship project], a five-year/five-phase process to determine and develop the "next generation" of comprehensive worship resources that will succeed the ''Lutheran Book of Worship''. A new worship book, "[[Evangelical Lutheran Worship]]", will be published [[2006-10-03]].
 
'''Comparison of LCMS and ELCA''' according to the ''Honoring Our Neighbor's Faith'' <ref>p. 86 ''Honoring Our Neighbor's Faith'', Robert Buckley Farlee (ed.), Chicago: Augsburg Fortress, 1999. ISBN 0-8066-3846-X</ref>
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The Church maintains [[full communion]] relationships with member churches of the [[Lutheran World Federation]] (which is a communion of 140 autonomous national/regional Lutheran church bodies in 78 countries around the world, representing nearly 66 million Christians), the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]], the [[Moravian Church in America]], the [[Presbyterian Church USA|Presbyterian Church (USA)]], the [[Reformed Church in America]], and the [[United Church of Christ]]. In 2005, the ELCA approved a provisional agreement with the [[United Methodist Church]] called "A Proposal for Interim Eucharistic Sharing", which is the first step toward reaching full communion with that denomination by 2008. Currently, the two denominations are working on a document called "Confessing Our Faith Together."
 
On [[October 31]], [[1999]] in [[Augsburg]], [[Germany]], the [[Lutheran World Federation]] &ndash;– of which the ELCA is a member &ndash;– signed the ''[[Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification]]'' with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The statement is an attempt to narrow the theological divide between the two faiths. The ''Declaration'' also states that the mutual condemnations between 16th century Lutherans and the Roman Catholic Church no longer apply.
 
== Social issues ==
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In March and April 2004, the ELCA agreed to pay the largest per capita settlement in a church abuse case in the United States to date. The payment was a combination of a jury award and a separate settlement, both stemming from civil suits filed by fourteen plaintiffs against the ELCA, a member synod, several church officials, one of the church's seminaries, and one of its congregations. The plaintiffs charged that they had been sexually abused by an ELCA minister at a church in [[Marshall, Texas]], and that the defendants had been negligent in their oversight and evaluation of the offender. Seeking to reassure member congregations, a church spokesperson subsequently noted that "ELCA bishops do not have authority to reassign clergy, and they do not move known perpetrators to other ministry locations." The offending minister was convicted and sentenced to prison in 2003, and removed from the ELCA's clergy roster.-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
*[[Augsburg Fortress]]
*[[Lutheran]]
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*[http://usliberals.about.com/od/faithinpubliclife/a/ChurchesBudget.htm About.com: Five Christian Denominations Issue Joint Statement Slamming Bush 2006 Budget]
 
[[CategoryKategori:Lutheranisme]]
[[CategoryKategori:Denominasi Kristen di Amerika Utara]]
[[CategoryKategori:Protestan]]
 
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