Obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Obat anti-inflamasi nonsteroid''' (OAINS (atau ''Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs'' (NSAIDs)) kelas obat yang sama-sama memberikan efek analgesik (antinyeri) dan antipiretik (penurun panas), dandalam dosis yang lebih tinggi berefek efek anti-inflamasi. Istilah "nonsteroid
==Klasifikasi==
OAINS dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan struktur kimianya atau mekanisme aksi. OAINS lebih tua dikenal jauh sebelum mekanisme aksi mereka itu dijelaskan dan untuk alasan ini diklasifikasikan oleh struktur atau asal kimia. Zat baru lebih sering diklasifikasikan berdasarkan mekanisme aksi.
=== Salisilat ===
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* [[Aspirin]] ([[asam asetilsalisilat]])
* [[Diflunisal]] (Dolobid)
* [[Asam salisilat]] dan salisilat lainnya
* [[Salsalate]] (Disalcid)
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=== Turunan asam propionat ===
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* [[Ibuprofen]]<ref name="urlDrugBank: Ibuprofen (DB01050)">{{cite web | url = http://www.drugbank.ca/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=APRD00372 | title =Ibuprofen | format = | work = DB01050 | publisher = DrugBank }}</ref>
* [[Deksibuprofen]]
* [[Naproksen]]
* [[Fenoprofen]]
* [[Ketoprofen]]
* [[Deksketoprofen]]
* [[Flurbiprofen]]
* [[Oksaprozin]]
* [[Loksoprofen]] (Loxonin), tersedia di Jepang.
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=== Turunan asam asetat ===
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* [[Indometasin]]
* [[Tolmetin]]
* [[Sulindak]]
* [[Etodolak]]
* [[Ketorolak]]
* [[Diklofenak]]
* [[Aseklofenak]]
* [[Nabumeton]]
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=== Turunan asam enolat (Oksikam) ===
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* [[Piroksikam]]
* [[Meloksikam]]
* [[Tenoksikam]]
* [[Droksikam]]
* [[Lornoksikam]]
* [[Isoksikam]] (ditarik dari pasar tahun 1985<ref>''Consolidated List of products whose consumption and/or sale have been banned, withdrawn, severely restricted or not approved by Governments'', United Nations, 2003, p. 123 [http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/m/abstract/Js16780e/ link to 2005 ed]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fung|first=M.|author2=Thornton, A. |author3=Mybeck, K. |author4=Wu, J. H.-h. |author5=Hornbuckle, K. |author6= Muniz, E. |title=Evaluation of the Characteristics of Safety Withdrawal of Prescription Drugs from Worldwide Pharmaceutical Markets-1960 to 1999|journal=[[Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science]]|date=1 January 2001|volume=35|issue=1|pages=293–317|doi=10.1177/009286150103500134}}</ref>)
* [[Fenilbutazon]] (Bute)
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=== Turunan asam antranilat (Fenamat) ===
The following NSAIDs are derived from [[fenamic acid]]. which is a derivative of [[anthranilic acid]],<ref name=Sriram>Sriram D, Yogeeswari P. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tUSLclf_NoQC&pg=PA235 Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Edition]. Pearson Education India, 2010. ISBN 9788131731444</ref>{{rp|235}} which in turn is a nitrogen [[isostere]] of [[salicylic acid]], which is the [[active metabolite]] of [[aspirin]].<ref name=Sriram/>{{rp|235}}<ref>Auburn University course material. Jack DeRuiter, Principles of Drug Action 2, Fall 2002 1: [http://www.auburn.edu/~deruija/nsaids_2002.pdf Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)]</ref>{{rp|17}}
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* [[Mefenamic acid]]
* [[Meclofenamic acid]]
* [[Flufenamic acid]]
* [[Tolfenamic acid]]
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=== Selective COX-2 inhibitors ([[Coxibs]]) ===
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* [[Celecoxib]] (FDA alert<ref>Information for Healthcare Professionals: Celecoxib (marketed as Celebrex) http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm124655.htm</ref>)
* [[Rofecoxib]] (withdrawn from market<ref name="urlFDA Public Health Advisory: Safety of Vioxx">{{cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/postmarketdrugsafetyinformationforpatientsandproviders/ucm106274.htm | title = Safety of Vioxx | work = FDA Public Health Advisory | publisher = United States Food and Drug Administration }}</ref>)
* [[Valdecoxib]] (withdrawn from market<ref>[http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm124649.htm Alert for Healthcare Professionals: Valdecoxib (marketed as Bextra)]</ref>)
* [[Parecoxib]] FDA withdrawn, licensed in the EU
* [[Lumiracoxib]] TGA cancelled registration
* [[Etoricoxib]] not FDA approved, licensed in the EU
* [[Firocoxib]] used in dogs and horses
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=== Sulfonanilides ===
* [[Nimesulide]] (systemic preparations are banned by several countries for the potential risk of hepatotoxicity)
=== Others ===
* [[Clonixin]]
* [[Licofelone]] acts by inhibiting LOX (lipooxygenase) & COX and hence known as 5-LOX/COX inhibitor
* H-harpagide in [[Scrophularia|Figwort]]<ref name="pmid22414102">{{cite journal |vauthors=Viljoen A, Mncwangi N, Vermaak I | title = Anti-inflammatory iridoids of botanical origin | journal = Curr. Med. Chem. | volume = 19 | issue = 14 | pages = 2104–27 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22414102 | pmc = 3873812 | doi = 10.2174/092986712800229005 }}</ref> or [[Harpagophytum|Devil's Claw]]<ref name="pmid21775152">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang L, Feng L, Jia Q, Xu J, Wang R, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li Y | title = Effects of β-glucosidase hydrolyzed products of harpagide and harpagoside on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro | journal = Bioorg. Med. Chem. | volume = 19 | issue = 16 | pages = 4882–6 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21775152 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.069 }}</ref>
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==Referensi==
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